In this episode, we talk about the many changes to American life brought about by the railroads in the late 19th Century. Topics include: New construction tools like dynamite; George Pullman’s sleeper cars; Railroad tycoons like Cornelius Vanderbilt and Jay Gould; The development of modern corporations; Innovations in time management; The growth of the American beef industry; and The spread of consumer catalogues.

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A quick introduction to the Second Industrial Revolution.

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In the mid-19th Century, scientists would upend everything human beings understood about themselves and the world around them, and they would drive that world forward into a second industrial revolution.

In this chapter we discuss the new fields of genetics and evolutionary biology, the philosophy of Positivism, the development of thermodynamics, the discovery of the electromagnetic field, and the births of new technologies for electrical engineering.

In an age of expanding railroads, steam-driven ocean liners, transnational telegraphs, and more, the world experienced its “First Wave of Modern Globalization.” In this episode, we discuss the ways it played out in the mid-19th Century, including massive waves of migrations, gold rushes, remittances, trade, foreign investment, international cooperation efforts, missionaries, the new tourism industry, world’s fairs, and more.

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In the wake of the Industrial Revolution, human beings were becoming increasingly aware of the things that united them and the things that divided them, as they identified themselves more and more along the lines of nationhood. In this episode, we discuss that push-and-pull as it started in the 19th Century, with special attention paid to Italy, Germany, and India.

In this episode, we talk about the super-deadly conflicts that happened between the First and Second Industrial Revolutions: The Crimean War, the U.S. Civil War, the Paraguayan War, and the Taiping Rebellion.

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In the mid-19th Century, cities across the industrializing world began to modernize. New infrastructure was added, new layouts of streets and city resources were devised, and greater emphasis was placed on improving the quality of life for all people.

Topics covered in this episode include: Edwin Chadwick’s efforts to modernize Britain’s sewers; Ellis Chesbrough and the construction of Chicago’s sewer system; the underground London Metropolitan Railway; new street layouts in the Age of Enlightenment; Georges-Eugène Haussmann and the renovations of Paris; Ildefons Cerdà and the expansion of Barcelona; model villages like Saltaire; and the life and works of Frederick Law Olmsted.

The 19th Century was fraught with public health challenges – many of them spurred by the Industrial Revolution. In this episode, we look at environmental health, alcoholism, and cholera, in particular. And we see how the scientists, policymakers, and mass movements of the age addressed these challenges.

This month we explore the life, times, and ideas of one of history’s most controversial figures. The Industrial Revolution marked a turning point in history, and Karl Marx used a combination of philosophy, economics, politics, and history to try to explain it – and what comes next. 
 
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A look back on all the incredible changes the world saw in the First Industrial Revolution, and some looking forward to the future.
 
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