In the previous episode, we explored how early Christians wrestled with language about God before later creeds settled the terms of the debate. In this follow-up, we return to the sources themselves—especially Tertullian’s Against Praxeas—to clarify what was (and was not) being claimed.

This episode examines the instinctive resistance many ordinary believers had toward emerging theological categories, the difference between doctrinal systems and monotheistic reflexes, and how later orthodoxy was clarified, consolidated, and ultimately enforced. Rather than arguing for modern positions, this conversation presses into the historical complexity that often gets flattened after the fact.