This week, as promised, we begin our look into the Federalist Papers to see some of the thought behind setting up our Constitutional Republic. Our adventure begins with examining the Articles of Confederation and some of its history. It is from this document that the United States was officially organized. It is also the seed to drafting the Constitution as we know it and, with it, the Federalist (and Anti-Federalist) Papers to convince (or dissuade) the people and the states to accept this new Constitution as the governing document of the land. Understanding more of these arguments can help shed a lot of light on original intent and, hopefully, help the people bring more power closer to home instead of yielding it to distant federal politicians and bureaucrats.
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Articles of Confederation: https://uscode.house.gov/download/annualhistoricalarchives/pdf/OrganicLaws2012/confederation.pdf
History and summary of Articles of Confederation:
https://www.articlesofconfederation.com/2013/03/articles-of-confederation.html?m=1
The Federalist Papers: https://guides.loc.gov/federalist-papers/full-text
85 letters in total written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay; 36 criticize Articles of Confederation, 49 analyze the new Constitution by section.
- The Articles of Confederation are inadequate to the Union's needs:
No. 1 Plea for candor. (Hamilton)
No. 2 Articles failure prompted the convention in Philadelphia. (Jay)
Nos. 3-6 Articles inadequate for defense (Jay)
Nos. 7-8 Same argument continued (Hamilton)
No. 9 Only a confederate Republic is adequate to Union's needs (Hamilton)
No. 10 It must be an extended Republic (Hamilton)
Nos. 11-13 Articles inadequate for trade, tax, management (Hamilton)
No. 14 More on the extended republic (Madison)
Nos. 15-17 Articles crippled by multiple sovereigns (Hamilton)
Nos. 19-20 Articles resemble unsuccessful leagues from history (Madison)
No. 21 Articles lack necessary tax powers (Hamilton)
Nos. 22-29 Articles lack necessary military powers (Hamilton)
Nos. 30-36 Articles lack other necessary tax powers (Hamilton)
- The Constitution is a republican solution to the Union's needs
A. The Spirit of the Constitution:
Nos. 37-38 It's a product of compromise (Madison)
No. 39 Republican in spirit (Madison)
No. 40 Framed by a competent body (Madison)
B. Quantity of Powers:
No. 41 Military powers (Madison)
No. 42 Diplomatic, interstate powers (Madison)
No. 43 Miscellaneous powers (Madison)
Nos. 44-46 General power and states' powers (Madison)
C. Separation of Powers:
Nos. 47-48 The separation is not absolute (Madison)
Nos. 49-50 Separation is not guaranteed by oversight panels (Madison)
No. 51 The check is bicameralism (Madison)
D. House of Representatives:
No. 52 Mode of election (Madison)
No. 53 Length of term (Madison)
No. 54 Apportionment of representatives (Madison)
Nos. 55-56 Ration of voters to representatives (Madison)
No. 57 Qualifications of