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Primary sources- Justin Martyr. Dialogue with Trypho, ch. 35. Best for the earliest surviving mention of the Saturnilians as a named rival Christian group.
- Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies 1.24. Main doctrinal source for Saturninus: the unknown Father, seven angels, spark of life, docetic Christology, the God of the Jews as one of the angels, anti-marriage teaching, and abstinence from animal food.
- Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies 1.28. Useful for the later Encratite connection and the afterlife of Saturninian-style asceticism.
- Hippolytus of Rome. Refutation of All Heresies 7.16. Important corroborating witness for the Saturnilian system.
- Eusebius of Caesarea. Ecclesiastical History 4.7. Best for the later church-historical placement of Saturninus in a lineage of error.
- Josephus. Against Apion 2.39. Useful for the civic standing of Jews in Antioch.
- Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews 12.119–124. Useful for Antiochene Jewish privileges under Seleucid and Roman rule.
Modern and background sources- Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Antioch.” Good concise background for Antioch as a major Seleucid and Roman city and early Christian center.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Irenaeus.” Good background on Irenaeus’ life, dates, and role in anti-heretical theology.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Saint Justin Martyr.” Good background on Justin’s life and philosophical/apologetic role.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Eusebius of Caesarea.” Good background on Eusebius as historian and bishop.
- Michael A. Williams. “Gnosticism.” In The Cambridge Companion to Christian Heresy, edited by Richard Flower. Cambridge University Press, 2025. Best for the modern scholarly caution about using the label “Gnosticism.”
- Richard Flower, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Christian Heresy. Cambridge University Press, 2025. Useful for the broader scholarly framing of heresy as discourse, classification, and boundary-making.
On Saturday, April 25th, 2026, the 2026 Southeastern Masonic Symposium is happening in person at the Asheville Masonic Temple (80 Broadway St., Asheville, NC)I’ll be there in person, so, come down and meet me and the rest of the crew.John Michael Greer — prolific occult and esoteric historian with 70+ books, including Circles of Power and the award-winning New Encyclopedia of the Occult; an initiate across Hermetic, Masonic, and Druidic lineages, and former Grand Archdruid (AODA).Collin Conkwright (American Esoteric) — creator behind American Esoteric, focused on ancient philosophy & comparative religion and serious work around universalism and the Western tradition; also publicly listed as a Master Mason and writer.Ike Baker — independent scholar & esoteric instructor, a practicing ceremonialist and initiatic Mason (Blue Lodge + York Rite), also connected with Martinism and the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn; host of the ARCANVM podcast; author of A Formless Fire and Aetheric Magic.Thom Carter — a Brother out of Mt. Hermon Lodge No. 118 (Asheville, NC) and part of the presenting lineup for the symposium.https://www.eventbrite.com/e/2026-asheville-masonic-symposium-tickets-1980822909645?aff=ebdssbdestsearch