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Primary sources
Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies — especially Books 1 and 3, for Valentinus in Rome, Valentinian cosmology, and the four-gospel argument. (New Advent)
Clement of Alexandria, Stromata — especially 7.17, for the report that Valentinus was a hearer of Theudas and Theudas a pupil of Paul. (New Advent)
Tertullian, Against the Valentinians — for the hostile tradition about Valentinus, the branching of the school, “two schools / two chairs,” and Axionicus at Antioch. (New Advent)
Hippolytus of Rome, Refutation of All Heresies — for Valentinus traditions, including the visionary material and the poem usually called “Summer Harvest.” (New Advent)
Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History — for Irenaeus’ letters to Blastus and Florinus, and the notice about On the Ogdoad. (New Advent)
Origen, Commentary on John — the major witness preserving Heracleon’s interpretations through quotation and paraphrase. (DIVA Portal)
The Gospel of Truth (Nag Hammadi Codex I) — for the inner Valentinian preaching voice and the line “The gospel of truth is joy.” (Gnosis)
The Treatise on the Resurrection / Letter to Rheginos (Nag Hammadi Codex I) — for realized resurrection theology and the line that the world is illusion rather than the resurrection. (Gnosis)
The Tripartite Tractate (Nag Hammadi Codex I) — for the great Valentinian theological blueprint and the threefold anthropology of spiritual, psychic, and material humanity. (Early Christian Writings)
The Gospel of Philip — for bridal-chamber language, sacramental symbolism, and later Valentinian ritual interpretation. (Gnosis)
Valentinian Liturgical Readings / A Valentinian Exposition (Nag Hammadi Codex XI) — for anointing, baptism, and eucharistic ritual language in Valentinian circles. (Gnosis)
Modern scholarship
Einar Thomassen, The Spiritual Seed: The Church of the “Valentinians” — the major modern study of Valentinianism as a real Christian movement with institutional and historical development. (Gnosis Study)
Ismo Dunderberg, Beyond Gnosticism: Myth, Lifestyle, and Society in the School of Valentinus — for the social world, ethics, and lifestyle dimensions of Valentinian Christianity. (Columbia University Press)
Philip L. Tite, Valentinian Ethics and Paraenetic Discourse: Determining the Social Function of Moral Exhortation in Valentinian Christianity — for exhortation, identity formation, and ethics in Valentinian communities. (Gnosis Study)
Paul Linjamaa, The Ethics of The Tripartite Tractate (NHC I, 5): A Study of Determinism and Early Christian Philosophy of Ethics — for determinism, responsibility, and ethics in the Tripartite Tractate. (OAPEN)
Carl Johan Berglund, Origen’s References to Heracleon: A Quotation-Analytical Study — for the reconstruction of Heracleon through Origen and the count of verbatim quotations and summaries. (Google Books)
Geoffrey S. Smith, Valentinian Christianity: Texts and Translations — for a balanced modern collection of extant Valentinian writings and the broader psalm-book / fragment tradition. (Amazon)
Gregory Snyder, “A Second-Century Christian Inscription from the Via Latina” — for NCE 156, the Via Latina context, and the Roman funerary evidence. (Academia)
Gregory Snyder, “The Discovery and Interpretation of the Flavia Sophe Inscription: New Results” — for Flavia Sophe, second-century dating arguments, and nuptial funerary imagery. (ResearchGate)
Gregory Snyder, “Bed, Bath, and Burial: NCE 156 Revisited” — for the funerary reading of NCE 156 and the bridal-chamber / mortuary interpretation. (Academia)
Gražina Kelmelytė, “The Concept of Bridal Chamber in the Valentinian Inscriptions” — for the bridal chamber as a polysemous symbol in Flavia Sophe and NCE 156. (ResearchGate)
M. David Litwa, “Deification and Defecation: Valentinus Fragment 3 and the Physiology of Jesus’s Digestion” — for the ancient physiological background of Valentinus’ saying about Christ’s incorrupt digestion. (ResearchGate)
M. David Litwa, “A Newly Identified Letter of Valentinus on Jesus’s Digestive System” — for the argument that the digestion fragment may belong to a wider Valentinian epistolary context. (Academia)
Studies on the Nag Hammadi codices and their readers — for codicology, scribal overlap, provenance, and the late-antique material context of Codex I and related manuscripts. (Gnosis)
Modern reception and afterlives
Ecclesia Gnostica — for modern sacramental Gnostic Christian practice and public continuation of Gnostic liturgy. (Gnosis)
Aleister Crowley, Liber XV: Ecclesiae Gnosticae Catholicae Canon Missae — for Valentinus in the saint-roll of the Gnostic Mass. (University of California Press)
C. G. Jung, Seven Sermons to the Dead — for the modern psychological afterlife of terms like pleroma. (Gnosis)
Modern philosophical readings of The Matrix using Valentinian questions and structure — for the contemporary survival of the awakening / false-world / return pattern. (Academia)
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