The Omni-Win Project Podcast

The Omni-Win Project Podcast

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The Omni-Win Project Podcast episodes

  • "Efficient Collaboration Through Convergent Facilitation" with Paul Kahawatte
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast.It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. “Win-wins are possible even in the most challenging situations”In this episode with Paul Kahawatte, you’ll get a small taste of the power of convergent facilitation, a process created by OWP podcast guest Miki Kashtan, and learn how to find the non-controversial essence behind what people desire. Using these tools, we can discover what people truly need and find a way to incorporate that into a solution that works for all.Paul explains how we can look toward something more transformational and visionary while addressing the practical steps to get there. By integrating different needs, we can create something much more powerful and creative than if we don’t.After this conversation, Duncan was filled with hope that we can truly create a win-win future. Join us on that journey. Episode Highlights: Duncan and Paul talk about how convergent facilitation can bring divergent voices to collaborative decisionsDiscover the power of convergent facilitation in creating win-winsUnderstand why we can’t get what we want without collaboration.Learn why binary choices force us to compromisePaul introduces the “non-controversial essence”, which helps us understand the why behind someone’s positionUnderstand the magic of incorporating everyone’s needs to create a better outcome.Uncover why it’s important to realize that everyone matters, and how this can lead to better solutions.Duncan and Paul ponder why people don’t use the process more, and how that could change. About this episode's guest: Paul is a mediator, facilitator and trainer, with a depth of experience in supporting people through conflict, collaborative decision making and the process of developing their systems and ways of working together. He draws on a number of approaches in his work, including Convergent Facilitation, Restorative Circles,  Nonviolent Communication (NVC), Aikido, Focusing, Relational Neuroscience and multiple others.Paul currently focuses on supporting groups and projects working for social and environmental justice, and has also worked as a community mediator. He is currently exploring movement building and radical approaches to democracy.  He is passionate about helping people to come together in transformative ways, to organize their collective power and find ways forward that genuinely work for all.Connect with Paul: WebsiteWebsite BioEmail :[email protected] the episode page for all the links and resources from this episode. Where else can you find this episode: YoutubeSubstackEpisode PageConnect with Duncan: FacebookInstagramTwitterLinkedInSubstackIf you have questions about how you can help heal our democracy? Click HERE
    1 hr 26 min
  • "Liberating our Capacity for Thinking and Collaboration" with Jordan Hall
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast.It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. “I wish people knew how critical it was to pay attention to the things they care about most.”Duncan welcomes Jordan Hall to the show, where they discuss the vision of an anti-rivalrous Game B civilization within the boundaries of reality. Get ready to understand why self-forgiveness and healing are a vital part of a better future, and the importance of understanding your values. Knowing what is and isn’t possible can be incredibly empowering, and Jordan explains the difference between imaginal and imaginary. Duncan and Jordan talk about the challenges we’re facing right now, and the clock is ticking. “Rome will not be unmade in a day.” We all need to pull together to fix multigenerational issues, and we can’t do it alone. Are you prepared to build an omni-win future with us? Episode Highlights:Jordan talks about the importance of knowing and pursuing what is meaningful to you.Discover how our socio-institutional frameworks affect the world around us.Uncover why identifying the limits of possibilities can be incredibly empowering.Duncan and Jordan discuss why the rules of our current Game A civilization will lead to catastrophe and what it will take to create a sustainable Game B realityUnderstand why authenticity and self-forgiveness are vital to creating our future.Learn the difference between the imaginal and the imaginary.Jordan and Duncan ponder how we might bring our extraordinarily capacity for collaboration to scale.Jordan talks about how we need to realize that we act as an egregore, not as individuals.About the episode's guest: Jordan Hall is the co-founder and executive chair of Neurohacker Collective, a groundbreaking supplements company based on complex systems science. Jordan is a person who is endeavoring to support the emergence of a possible, maybe plausible but definitely necessary transition in the culture of  humanity. This effort is something that he cultivates in himself, in his relationships and in the world around him. He is one of the originators of the idea of Game B, an infinite civilizational game where the goal is to continue playing. Game B is in contrast to our status quo Game A civilization, which is a finite game where the goal is to win.Connect with Jordan Hall:TwitterLinkedInYouTube MediumLearn More about Game B at https://www.gamebfilm.org/ or https://www.game-b.orgVisit the episode page for all the links and resources from this episode.Where else can you find this episode:YoutubeSubstackEpisode PageConnect with Duncan: FacebookInstagramTwitterLinkedInSubstackIf you have questions about how you can help heal our democracy? Click HERE
    50 min
  • "How Can We Make Dialogue More Attractive And Accessible?" Thinking Together with Olga Liapis-Muzzy
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast. It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. “If you're not part of the problem, you can't be part of the solution”Conflict is neutral, it is not bad nor good. It is an opportunity to evolve and better our connection and relationships. Because conflict is not binary, finding a solution to the problem now doesn’t mean every solution will never have another conflict. Conflict is inevitable and it is up to us to choose how we respond to it. In this week’s episode, Olga and Duncan discuss the importance and use of mediation, dialogue and conflict transformation tools. In addition, they break down different ideas on how our system can change and approach conflicts. The importance of change, letting go of blame, self-forgiveness, rewriting our idea of punishment and addressing change when problems arise before total unrest are key steps to help implement lasting change. On the other side of the divisiveness, blame, fear and hate lies the path and possibility to create the world we actually want to live in. Are you ready to use these tools and practices to help change our systems?Episode Highlights:Conflict is neutral and an opportunity to fortify connections & relationshipsIt’s important to be open to taking responsibility for one’s own role, having forgiveness and letting go of blame to solve conflict.Conflict is time intensive and mediation takes time so it is important to address conflict as problems arise and before a point of total unrest.The earlier we try to resolve conflict the less harm that can be doneIt takes both sides of the conflict to come together to make a solutionEvery solution will have a consequence and may lead to more problems because conflict is inevitableAbout this episode's guest: Olga Liapis-Muzzy is certified mediator with 10+ years of experience in training, leadership development and organization change. Combining nonviolent communication training with restorative justice practices, Olga helps people change their relationships for the better; at work, at home and in community. Olga is also an active member of the DPACE Initiative,  the Democracy, Politics and Conflict Engagement Initiative to bring conflict literacy skills to organizations.Connect with Olga Liapis-Muzzy:Website: [email protected] else can you find this episode:YoutubeSubstackEpisode PageConnect with Duncan: FacebookInstagramTwitterLinkedInSubstackIf you have questions about how you can help heal our democracy? Click HERE
    1 hr 22 min
  • "Conscious Cultural Evolution" with Carter Phipps
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast. It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. “We have to move culture forward without overthrowing the best of what’s come before.”It’s time to discover conscious evolution. Carter Phipps explains how we can move forward while respecting and remembering our past. Learn why our cultural climate isn’t ready for solutions.Duncan and Carter talk about the politics of pride and shame, and our feelings of grievance and gratitude. How do these influence our path forward? Carter suggests a way we can support depolarization on a personal level. Are you ready to find out how you can play a part in creating a better world?Episode Highlights:Learn why we must engage in conscious evolution of ourselves, our system, and our culture.Discover a political perspective that can help us understand our worldviews and appreciate the interdependence of views across the entire political spectrum.Duncan and Carter talk about the politics of pride and shame. How can our feelings of grievance and gratitude help us move forward without forgetting our past?Uncover the secrets of a culturally intelligent relationship.Carter explains why our cultural climate doesn’t allow solutions to flourish.Learn why there’s a tension between modernism and post-modernism and how it impacts society.Discover how we can all move towards living in a depolarized world.About this episode's guest:Carter Phipps is the author of Evolutionaries and coauthor of the Wall Street Journal Bestseller Conscious Leadership with John Mackey and Steve McIntosh. He is co-founder of the Institute for Cultural Evolution, which addresses political polarization though focusing on the cultural roots of America’s challenges. He hosts the Thinking Ahead podcast and is a former award-winning journalist who has been interviewed on BBC Radio, MSNBC, and NPR.Links mentioned in this episode: Developmentalist links:https://developmentalist.org/engage-participate/https://developmentalist.org/article/who-wants-to-skip-the-civil-war/https://developmentalist.org/article/can-we-make-governing-great-again/For more resources and content from this episode go to the episode page: omniwinproject.com/carter-phippsConnect with Carter Phipps: WebsiteEmail: [email protected] else can you find this episode: YoutubeSubstackEpisode Page Looking to learn more about how we can change the future of our democracy? Connect with Duncan & the Omni-Win Project: FacebookInstagramTwitterLinkedInYouTubeSubstack
    1 hr 5 min
  • "Overcoming Political and Media Manipulation Together" with Bill Shireman
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast.It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. “We are not the only reasonable ones out there, even though it seems like it.”Do you feel like people on the other end of the political spectrum to you are extremists? There’s a reason for that. Bill Shireman tells us how the media and politicians play us off against each other for their own benefit. Polar opposites can agree with each other, and Bill explains the process for creating consensus. Bill doesn’t shy away from the tricky topics, and he tells us how pro-life and pro-choice supporters are far more similar than we’ve been led to believe. He talks about corruption throughout our system and how we all need to work as one to make it better. After all, we’re all in this together. If you’re a problem solver, this episode is for you. Highlights in this episode:Bill tells us about the importance of the 5% that will switch their political party to choose politicians that will solve problemsDiscover how polar opposites can come together to  agree on how to address an issue.Learn how the media intensely manipulates how we see each other.Rediscover the environmental wisdom of indigenous cultures.Find out how pro-life and pro-choice people aren’t as divided as they think.Uncover how our political system has been gamed to keep us divideDuncan and Bill talk about the power of deliberative democracy.If you’re a problem solver, Bill has great advice for you.About this episode’s guest:Bill Shireman is the founder of Future 500 and co-founder of In This Together. As a Republican and environmental activist, Bill may be considered a walking contradiction by some. However, he believes the left and right can learn from each other to break down our us-versus-them political culture.He brings together people from all sides of the political spectrum including capitalists, activists, conservatives, and progressives, among othersWith Trammell Crow (EarthX), Bill is the co-author of In This Together: How Republicans, Democrats, Capitalists and Activists are Uniting to Tackle Climate Change and More Links Mentioned In This Episode: https://www.fractalfriends.us/fractalfriends/bill-shireman Connect with Bill Shireman:[email protected]://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-shireman-117571/https://www.youtube.com/user/TheFuture500/videoshttps://www.instagram.com/bill.shireman/https://inthistogetheramerica.org/https://www.future500.org/bill-shireman Where Else can you find this episode?  Watch On Youtube: https://youtu.be/sAqDyg0PNJYOn Substack: https://omniwin.substack.com/p/bill-shiremanEpisode Page: https://omniwinproject.com/bill-shireman Connect with Duncan: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/omniwinprojectInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/omni.winTwitter: https://twitter.com/omni_winLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/omni-win.
    57 min
  • Reclaiming Our Power with Nonviolence with Miki Kashtan
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast. It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. “No one would engage in violence if their needs were met.”Do you understand the power of nonviolence? Discover one earnest change that could prevent violence with Miki Kashtan. She takes us on a journey through the history of nonviolence, demonstrating Gandhi’s lasting influence. We’re in the midst of a climate crisis, and Miki tells us how we can adapt our consumption to our resources.You’ll also learn about the three pillars of nonviolence and hear a profound account of how we can leverage our sphere of influence to make a difference to those around us. We all need to be a positive force for good in our divided world, and Miki teaches us how.  Highlights in this episode:Discover the three pillars of nonviolence.Learn about Gandhi's lasting influence on the world of nonviolence.Understand what flow functions are and how they impact us.Uncover the importance of shifting from incentives to willingness.Miki explains how conflict and our low capacity are deeply affecting the US.Unearth the powerful change that could stop violence.Learn how we can adapt our consumption to our resources.Miki talks about leveraging your sphere of influence.About this episode’s guest:Miki Kashtan is a practical visionary pursuing a world that works for all, based on principles and practices rooted in feminist nonviolence. Miki is a founding member of the Nonviolent Global Liberation community and has taught and consulted globally. She is the author of Reweaving Our Human Fabric and The Highest Common Denominator and blogs at The Fearless Heart.Connect with Miki Kashtan:Blog: http://thefearlessheart.orgEmail: [email protected] Else can you find this episode? Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/xq8WaZuUw2cOn Substack: https://omniwin.substack.com/p/miki-kashtanEpisode Page: https://omniwinproject.com/miki-kashtan
    1 hr 2 min
  • "Why We Need A Wiser Democracy Now" with Tom Atlee
    Welcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast.It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. "We need to be able to use differences and disturbances creatively."Did you know that activism can’t really contend with our current system? While we’re slowly improving our democracy with awesome technology and tools, they aren’t widely used. But when we use them, we see incredible results: Tom Atlee recounts a ground-breaking story about the power of dialogue. It’s time to improve our democracy and how we relate to each other.You’ll also learn about pattern language and how it can lead to a wiser democracy. Duncan and Tom talk about the importance of everyone being included in a conversation. Are you ready to discover why climate deniers need to be included in the environment discussion?Highlights in this episode:Tom talks about how we need to out-Gandhi Gandhi.Discover the world of Wise Democracy’s pattern languages.Learn how technology is revolutionizing democracy.Uncover why activism isn’t working.Learn why we need to include climate deniers in the discussion.Tom recounts an incredible story about dialogue bringing people in conflict together.Understand why we need to focus on the whole.About this episode’s guest:Tom Atlee is the creator of the Wise Democracy Project and a lifelong advocate for co-intelligence. Tom researches and promotes ideas and approaches for generating collective wisdom about public affairs, which he presents in an encyclopedic vision called "Wise Democracy".More from Tom Atlee:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeOMzv3eQZqdkUs671eDbZgContact Tom Here: https://www.co-intelligence.institute/contact-ushttps://co-intelligence.institutehttp://tomatleeblog.comhttps://co-intelligence.orghttps://wd-pl.comhttps://www.wd-pl.com/prime-directive/Where Else can you find this episode? Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/0orktmeC-w4On Substack: https://omniwin.substack.com/p/tom-atleeEpisode Page: https://omniwinproject.com/tom-atlee
    52 min
  • Bonus Q&A with Raye Rawls
    Here’s a special bonus episode for listeners of the Omni-Win Project Podcast. Duncan welcomes Raye Rawls for an exclusive Q&A session with an audience from the Democracy, Politics and Conflict Engagement Initiative (DPACE). Listen to learn about the tips and tricks for  Reflective Structured Dialogue from this award-winning mediator and dialogue facilitator.Discover what motivates people to participate in tricky conversations and how they can benefit everyone, from law enforcement officials to families. Raye doesn’t shy away from difficult topics like guns and abortion. She talks about the pros and cons of social media for conversations, education, and information. She answers questions about the magic of reflective structured dialogue and shares a profound question that she asks participants to make them think more about their stance. Discover what motivates people to participate in tricky conversations and how they can benefit everyone, from law enforcement officials to families.Here are some questions that Raye answers. Do different rounds of questions serve different purposes in reflective structured dialogue?What motivates people to come into very difficult conversations?Is social media interfering with our ability to be in dialogue with each other?What’s the ideal number of participants in a dialogue?How do you guide participants to see the value of understanding?How do you harness dialogue to aid deliberation and know when to switch back?Have you ever had people come up with more answers and issues and return to dialogue?Raye is offering a training on Reflective Structured DialogueSeptember 1st and 2nd, 2022.Interested? Sign Up Here About this week’s guest:Raye Rawls is an award-winning mediator, arbitrator, and dialogue facilitator with decades of experience. Rawls has worked on thousands of cases in government institutions, court systems, corporations, and with private parties.Some examples of topics that she has covered in her dialogue work includes: confederate monuments on campus, guns on campus, gender issues (what bathroom should people use), defining freedom of speech on campus, evolving roles of organizations or institutions (e.g., chamber of commerce), climate change, human trafficking, intergovernmental cooperation, immigration and police community relationships.Raye Rawls is a Senior Associate with Essential Partners. She is also a Senior Public Service Faculty at the University of Georgia’s Fanning Institute for Leadership Development, where her practice area is in conflict transformation and dialogue. Raye is also a member of Mediators Beyond Borders International and the DPACE Initiative.Connect with Raye Rawls:Email: [email protected] Else can you find this episode? Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/mJT_l7bLRKcEpisode Page:  https://omniwinproject.com/raye-rawlsOn Substack: https://omniwin.substack.com/p/raye-rawlsWant More Omni-Win? Head over to my Substack to subscribe now! https://omniwin.substack.comFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/omniwinprojectInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/omni.winLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/omni-win/
    29 min
  • "Building Resilience and Relationship through Dialogue" with Raye Rawls
    Discover reflective structured dialogue, an extraordinary tool for deepening our understanding of other's perspectives, rather than solving problems. Duncan and Raye Rawls talk about how this process, created by Essential Partners, can humanize our enemies and bring us together.In contrast, Raye raises concerns that our current tools for healing differences, are actually pushing us further apart. In particular, Raye discusses what we're missing in the “privilege walk” and why how it's unfortunate that the slogan, “defund the police” doesn’t represent what the concept actually means.You’ll also hear a great story from Raye where she highlights how we can become blinded to consequences and reason when we let fear rule us.Raye asks how we can create spaces to connect across our differences, deepen our mutual understanding, discover the deep meaning beneath our actions and strengthen our democracy. Let’s discover the answer. Highlights in this episode:- Discover the power of reflective structured dialogue.- Duncan talks about how our political conversations are unnecessarily adversarial.- Raye explains why we’re at war with the people who are supposed to protect us.- Raye's shares her concerns about the ways that people are currently teaching about Diversity, Equity and Inclusion.- Raye talks about how we can work together despite our differences.- Discover how questions of genuine curiosity can enrich our lives and understanding.- Raye recounts a powerful story about how getting caught up in our emotions and fears can stop us from thinking rationally.- Understand the power of nuance in our conversations and opinions.- Find out why people are so scared of understanding other perspectives. About this week’s guest:Raye Rawls is an award-winning mediator, arbitrator, and dialogue facilitator with decades of experience. Rawls has worked on thousands of cases in government institutions, court systems, corporations, and with private parties.Some examples of topics that she has covered in her dialogue work includes: confederate monuments on campus, guns on campus, gender issues (what bathroom should people use), defining freedom of speech on campus, evolving roles of organizations or institutions (e.g., chamber of commerce), climate change, human trafficking, intergovernmental cooperation, immigration and police community relationships.Raye Rawls is a Senior Associate with Essential Partners. She is also a Senior Public Service Faculty at the University of Georgia’s Fanning Institute for Leadership Development, where her practice area is in conflict transformation and dialogue. Raye is also a member of Mediators Beyond Borders International and the DPACE Initiative. Connect with Raye Rawls:Email: [email protected] Where Else can you find this episode? Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/KZlI3Q0Q6hwEpisode Page:  https://omniwinproject.com/raye-rawlsOn Substack: https://omniwin.substack.com/p/raye-rawls Want More Omni-Win? Head over to my Substack to subscribe now! https://omniwin.substack.comIf you have questions or thought about how we can  heal our democracy? Connect with me, I’d love to talk! https://calendly.com/duncanautrey/30minFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/omniwinprojectInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/omni.winTwitter: https://twitter.com/omni_winLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/omni-win
    1 hr 6 min
  • "Combating Polarization and Extremism with Meta-Ideological Politics" with Ryan Nakade
    Episode title: "Combating Polarization and Extremism with Meta-Ideological Politics" with Ryan NakadeWelcome to the Omni-Win Project Podcast. (or a similar greeting? Quite like the idea)It's time to upgrade our democracy. If you're fed up with the status quo and want to catalyze political and societal change, you're in the right place. The Omni-Win Project Podcast is ready to shed light on the many opportunities we have to revolutionize our political culture. We’re all in this together, so join us in co-creating the future of democracy. Welcome to part two of Duncan’s conversation with the founder of the Meta-Ideological Politics podcast, Ryan Nakade. In this episode, Duncan and Ryan talk about ways to find higher ground in a deeply polarized world, so we can move forward and develop omni-win solutions to our problems. You’ll also learn about Ryan’s unique “titanium man” approach. Prepare to level up your debates and understanding of new perspectives!You’ll also hear a fascinating discussion on how changes in democratic elections could take an omni-win approach. Ryan tells us how politicians could make a huge difference in their community, regardless of the vote outcome. It's time to push politicians to be better.Want to start with part one? Find it here. Highlights in this episode:Ryan describes his unique “titanium man” approach to mediation and debate.Know when to take the “steel man” or “titanium man” approach in an argument.Duncan talks about “you statements” vs. “I statements.”Ryan demonstrates how to effectively approach Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) training to supplement participants’ ideas rather than supplant them.Understand why labels can be crude identity categories and when it’s okay to use them.Discover why politicians aim to polarize and incite outrage, and what they should be doing instead.Learn why the political debate model is well past its prime.About this episode’s guest:Ryan Nakade is the co-founder of the podcast Meta-Ideological Politics, catalyzing transformative civic engagement. He leads workshops teaching communication and dialogue skills, emphasizing political depolarization and conflict prevention. He also works with violent extremists, employing unique deradicalization techniques. Ryan teaches diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) workshops with a complexity theory perspective. Links Mentioned in this Episode:LINK TO PART IWhy I’m a Pessi-OptimistYoutube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UY1DTOUyGmMSustack: https://omniwin.substack.com/p/pessi-optimismMore from Ryan Nakade:Website: https://www.ruminantresolutions.comTwitter: https://twitter.com/NakadeRyanYoutube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIuhGOD1cknRPV3HymQQhpALinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryan-nakade-a7b07821b/Medium: https://greenteaji108.medium.com/Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/meta-ideological-politics/id1580668474
    41 min

About The Omni-Win Project Podcast

From the publisher's feed

Are you ready to transcend polarization and ensure thoughtful citizen participation in our political decision-making process? Democracy is struggling, but we already have the tools to make things better. Join conflict transformation catalyst Duncan Autrey as he reveals the skills and wisdom available to help us co-create the future of democracy. Listen to interviews and talks featuring the many people and concepts ready to help us move forward, including: conflict mediators, dialogue facilitators, philosophers, sensemakers, advocates for structural reform and guides for personal healing.