The Petal: Australian Case Law Daily from JADE OpenLaw

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Eight decisions from the Supreme Court and the Land and Environment Court. A tenant who missed his tribunal hearing, and a Supreme Court ruling that the tribunal still had to consider what he filed; the Land and Environment Court on why a Commissioner's Class 1 decision cannot be judicially reviewed in the Court's own Class 4 jurisdiction; and two Illustrative worked examples on varying freezing orders and the forfeiture rule. Four registry lines. Tuesday: no house spot.

Features.

• Rosen v Louey [2026] NSWSC 1048 (Griffiths AJ) - leave under s 83(1) CAT Act needs a question of law plus an issue of principle, public importance or reasonably clear injustice; neither ss 36 and 38 nor r 35 permits the Tribunal to disregard evidence duly filed by an absent party (absence goes to weight, not admissibility), nor to ignore submissions wholesale because they are intermingled with untested assertions; materiality asks whether the decision could, not would, realistically have been different; remitted to the Appeal Panel rather than redetermined, weight and materiality involving factual issues with more than one outcome. Leave granted, appeal allowed. JADE
• Benjamin Michael Faulks v Independent Planning Commission [2026] NSWLEC 117 (Pepper J) - the Court has no Class 4 jurisdiction to review a Commissioner's Class 1 decision; the only route is a s 56A appeal, with supervisory review lying to the Court of Appeal under s 48 Supreme Court Act; on determination of a Class 1 appeal the Commissioner's decision supersedes the consent authority's and may cure earlier defects; summary dismissal premature while a s 56A appeal subsists and the original decision could revive under s 8.13; concurrent hearing ordered; costs apportioned. JADE
• CXF Development Pty Ltd v Boill Holding (Aust) Pty Ltd [2026] NSWSC 1079 (Richmond J) - Illustrative only, outcome not printed: contested versus consent-based interlocutory orders and how the Brimaud test applies to each; the three requirements for freezing orders (Cardile, r 25.14); onus on varying consent injunctions continuing until further order; the legitimate use of assets exception; substituting a mortgage for frozen cash. JADE
• Prangemeier v Prangemeier [2026] NSWSC 1077 (Kunc J) - Illustrative only, outcome not printed: the forfeiture rule (Helton v Allen) proved on the civil standard by certified translations of a foreign conviction supplemented by unequivocal admissions; severance and constructive trust over joint-tenancy property including property sold before death (Rasmanis v Jurewitsch); a gift-over clause enlivened by treating the offender as notionally predeceasing. Nothing further about the parties is printed. JADE

Registry (listed without ledger headnotes).

• James v Sheridan [2026] NSWLEC 1580 (Galwey AC) - Trees Act Pt 2A: zoning test by comparing zone objectives, temporal analysis of view obstruction, respondent's voluntary pruning under s 14F(n). Illustrative note only. JADE
• Zhu v Wen [2026] NSWSC 1071 (Harrison AJ) - default judgment. JADE
• Brown v Ferrara [2026] NSWLEC 1578 (Galwey AC) - trees, disputes between neighbours. JADE
• EDK Garfield Pty Ltd v Northern Beaches Council [2026] NSWLEC 1583 (Miller AC) - development application. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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Eleven decisions, and the story is the third country removal framework: the first instance decision that shows the machinery working (a cessation notice, a thirty year Naoeroan visa, an injunction discharged), with the two Full Court decisions taken in full in today's Courts of Appeal brief and noted here in a sentence each. Then preliminary discovery against a competitor, an amendment-application manual, and a deceased estate where $302,000 moved in the week after death. Five registry lines. Tuesday: no house spot.

Features.

• AJQ24 v Commonwealth of Australia (No 2) [2026] FCA 1323 (Mcdonald J) - a s 76AAA cessation notice takes effect on receipt, and receipt was proved; delay under s 76AAA(3)(a) does not deprive later receipt of effect; removal is "reasonably practicable" where the person has a non-transitory right of abode in a willing country (a 30-year Naoeroan visa qualifies); the Foreign Passports Act s 19 was not engaged; s 197C(3) preserves the protection finding against removal to Iran but nothing requires the receiving country to recognise it, and there was no evidence of realistic onward refoulement; removal is executive and non-punitive, liberty in Naoero is not banishment, and s 189 detention on reasonable suspicion is not arbitrary; the Court's power to restrain removal to protect its own processes turns on its capacity to determine the proceeding, and remote participation sufficed. Interim injunction discharged with effect deferred seven days. Pseudonymised. JADE
• Chukwuma v Assistant Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs [2026] FCAFC 121 (Moshinsky, Derrington and Dowling JJ) - failure to take into account the direct and immediate statutory consequences of cancellation (a near-inevitable BVR and third country exposure) was jurisdictional error, and proceeding as if the person would remain in Australia was legally unreasonable. Appeal allowed. Full treatment in today's Courts of Appeal brief. JADE
• VRRQ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2026] FCAFC 117 (Anderson, O'Sullivan and Lenehan JJ) - illogical fact-finding is jurisdictional only if material; a single lapse within a well-supported evaluative conclusion was not shown to be material (Lenehan J dissenting). Appeal dismissed. Full treatment in today's Courts of Appeal brief. Pseudonymised. JADE
• BPG Pty Limited v Real Estate Institute of New South Wales (Preliminary Discovery) [2026] FCA 1321 (Lee J) - r 7.23 requires each element of the proposed cause of action to be reasonably open on the evidence; where several elements rest on speculation their combined effect may show the belief is not open ("possibilities do not acquire solidity by being piled one upon another"); a complaint to a regulator is not in trade or commerce merely because the complainant is a competitor; r 7.22 identification discovery needs no prima facie case, is not a side door to the wider investigation, carries an implicit reasonable-inquiries requirement, and was confined to documents revealing who made the representations. Granted in part. JADE
• Zandona v Charter Financial Planning Ltd [2026] FCA 1329 (Cheeseman J) - Illustrative only, outcome not printed: r 16.07 responses to allegations, the multi-factor test for amendment under rr 16.51 and 16.53 and s 37M, inadequately pleaded limitation defences under s 26 Limitation Act 1969 (NSW), a table format for composite allegations, and costs where success is divided. JADE
• Gleeson (trustee) v Wittenberg, in the matter of Wittenberg (deceased) [2026] FCA 1324 (Owens J) - a s 139ZQ notice depends on the jurisdictional fact of a transaction actually void under Division 3, not the trustee's opinion; ss 120 and 121 catch only a legally effective transfer "by" the deceased, not post-death dealings with his property; $302,000 transferred to the deceased's wife in the week after death was nonetheless divisible property under s 249(7), the superannuation exceptions not applying to money paid out months earlier that had lost its character as a payment from a fund; declaration and judgment under s 30(1) for the sum with interest. Respondent did not appear. JADE

Registry (listed without ledger headnotes).

• Ratapu v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2026] FCA 1330 (Hespe J) - judicial review. JADE
• Scott (Trustee) v Maher, in the matter of bankrupt estate of Maher (No 3) [2026] FCA 1326 (Neskovcin J) - creditors' rights. JADE
• Condon (liquidator) v Hope, in the matter of Mount Yenga Contracting Pty Limited (In Liquidation) (No 2) [2026] FCA 1335 (Cheeseman J) - interlocutory orders. JADE
• LFDB, in the matter of an application by LFDB for leave to file [2026] FCA 1327 (Perram J) - interlocutory orders. JADE
• Scott v Scott (Recusal Application) (No 2) [2026] FCA 1314 (Needham J) - interlocutory applications. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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Four appellate decisions, and two arrive as a pair from the Full Federal Court on the third country removal framework: one minister lost for not counting the statutory consequences of cancelling a visa, one tribunal kept its decision because an illogical step was not shown to matter. Then Victoria on when a mental impairment moderates general deterrence, and South Australia on prosecutorial comment, counsel's discretion and inconsistent verdicts after a fifth trial. Tuesday: no house spot.

Features.

• Chukwuma v Assistant Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs [2026] FCAFC 121 (Moshinsky, Derrington and Dowling JJ) - a s 501BA decision-maker must take into account the legal framework including the direct and immediate statutory consequences of the decision; with a protection finding in place, a Bridging (Removal Pending) visa and exposure to third country removal under the 2024 amendments were near inevitable, and proceeding as if the person would remain in Australia was also legally unreasonable; Derrington J concurring on misapprehension of the applicable law and cautioning that unreasonableness is enlarged only incrementally; leave to raise a new ground refused where it could have been met by evidence below; further evidence refused as irrelevant to the only remaining ground. Appeal allowed, decision quashed. JADE
• VRRQ v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2026] FCAFC 117 (Anderson, O'Sullivan and Lenehan JJ) - the Tribunal's reference to the stress of an uncertain immigration status was illogical because the risk assessment assumed the appellant would remain; but illogical fact-finding is jurisdictional only if material (a realistic possibility of a different decision), a single lapse within an evaluative conclusion supported by substantial other evidence was not shown to be material, and no additional "critical fact" threshold applies (Lenehan J dissenting: the rolled-up reasoning could not be disaggregated, so the error was material); a statement that a third country would have to be assessed as "safe" reflected practical reality, not a misreading of ss 76AAA and 198AHB. Appeal dismissed. Pseudonymised; offences not described. JADE
• McKenzie v The King [2026] VSCA 216 (Taylor and Kaye JJA) - Verdins limb 3: a causal connection between impairment and offending is necessary but not sufficient; the question is whether the offender remains an appropriate vehicle for general deterrence, judged by the nature and severity of the symptoms and their effect on mental capacity; acceptance of reduced moral culpability under limb 1 does not of itself require moderation of deterrence; Verdins is not arithmetic; general deterrence weighed heavily in a family violence context and for the integrity of the supervision order regime; sentence well within range. Leave refused. Reported as sentencing doctrine only. JADE
• Forrester v The King [2026] SASCA 106 (Livesey P, David and Stanley JJA) - a prosecutor's reference to the fact that the accused was not obliged to give evidence, made to explain how his earlier evidence came to be tendered in the prosecution case, is not a prohibited comment under s 18(1)(b) Evidence Act 1929 (SA); which witnesses to call and whether the accused testifies is within counsel's forensic discretion, binding absent a lack of rational justification and a miscarriage; a circumstantial case is assessed by its combined force (M v The Queen), no single item being an indispensable link; differing verdicts for jointly tried co-accused stand where they can be reconciled on materially different cases. Permission granted, appeal dismissed. Reported as procedure only. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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One state, every court, and four Court of Appeal decisions from a single sitting day, re-aired here with the state practice angle (full doctrinal treatment in today's Courts of Appeal brief). A council's enforcement injunctions sent back to be redrawn; a District Court order about bail time quashed, with a lesson on who to sue; a departmental appeal held to a concession made at trial; and a grandfather who tried the Supreme Court while his Care Act appeal was part heard. The Supreme Court and the Land and Environment Court add a registry of five costs decisions.

Features.

• Godfrey v Wollondilly Shire Council [2026] NSWCA 181 (Leeming and Kirk JJA, Preston CJ of LEC) - Class 4 enforcement: s 9.46 injunctions must identify the conduct enjoined, bear a sufficient nexus to the contraventions found, and not restate the s 4.2 prohibition; orders restraining use "in breach of" the consents set aside and remitted for reframing with costs reopened; a consent reaches only the development applied for and shown in approved plans, never a purpose not sought or development already carried out; plans that emerged after judgment admitted on appeal; appellants pay 80% of the appeal costs. JADE
• Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) v Commissioner of Corrective Services [2026] NSWCA 186 (Leeming JA) - supervisory jurisdiction engaged once the prosecution on indictment ended with the High Court's reinstatement (Supreme Court Act s 17); ss 18 and 25A Criminal Appeal Act engage only for bail pending the offender's own appeal, not a retrial or Crown appeal; s 28A orders are for the Court of Criminal Appeal, the District Court being functus; a person on bail remains in law in custody and the sentence kept running; relief discretionary even where consented to; certiorari rather than declaration alone; the Commissioner, not "Corrective Services NSW", is the proper defendant. Reported as doctrine only; prisoner pseudonymised. JADE
• Secretary, Department of Communities and Justice v Soulos [2026] NSWCA 185 (Ward P, Kirk and McHugh JJA) - a party is bound by the forensic basis on which it ran the District Court trial; on the Department's concession the appeal turned on two foreseeability questions, both answered yes under Koehler v Cerebos; collective "we/us" statements of failure reasonably understood as directed at the individual caseworker; $1,389,457.74 judgment stands. Reported as doctrine only. JADE
• WS v Secretary, Department of Communities and Justice [2026] NSWCA 178 (Leeming JA, Griffiths AJA) - leave under s 101(2)(e) needs a question of principle, public importance or reasonably clear injustice; parens patriae fills a procedural gap in the Care Act regime and is not an alternative to the statutory District Court appeal; unilateral discontinuance does not cure the abuse (UCPR r 13.4); a court explains procedure to a self-represented litigant but does not conduct the case; third parties cannot raise unfairness owed to another. JADE

Registry (listed without ledger headnotes).

• In the matter of Commercial Credit Holdings Limited (No 2) [2026] NSWSC 1061 (Black J) - schemes of arrangement. JADE
• In the matter of Firmtech Aluminium Pty Ltd (subject to Deed of Company Arrangement) [2026] NSWSC 1069 (Black J) - costs on discontinuance of proceedings. JADE
• Di Liristi v Yosef (No 3) [2026] NSWSC 1068 (Pike J) - costs of an interlocutory application. JADE
• The Estate of the late Wilma Annette Pusterla [2026] NSWSC 1070 (Williams J) - costs in probate litigation. JADE
• Lane Cove Municipal Council v Wechsler (No 2) [2026] NSWLEC 116 (Duggan J) - the general rule for costs. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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Thirteen decisions across three appellate courts, and a day that belongs to the drafters. The NSW Court of Appeal on what a development consent actually authorises and why an injunction that restrains use "in breach of" a consent is no injunction at all; a psychiatric injury appeal held to a concession made at trial; the parens patriae jurisdiction as a gap-filler, not a second forum; a sentence that kept running while the prisoner was on bail; two Full Court family appeals on blanket credibility findings and consent orders; and a costs agreement sixteen days too late to secure anything.

Features.

• Godfrey v Wollondilly Shire Council [2026] NSWCA 181 (Leeming and Kirk JJA, Preston CJ of LEC) - a consent authorises only what was applied for and shown in approved plans, never a purpose not sought or development already carried out; development beyond a consent contravenes s 4.2 EPA Act as development without consent rather than "breach" of consent; s 9.46 injunctions must identify the conduct enjoined with a sufficient nexus to the breaches found and not restate the prohibition; further evidence admitted where plans emerged only after judgment; orders 11-13 and costs set aside and remitted for reframing; appellants pay 80% of the appeal costs. JADE
• Secretary, Department of Communities and Justice v Soulos [2026] NSWCA 185 (Ward P, Kirk and McHugh JJA) - a party is bound by the forensic basis on which it ran the trial; on the Department's concession the appeal turned on two foreseeability questions, both answered yes under Koehler v Cerebos (risk not far-fetched or fanciful); collective "we/us" statements of failure are reasonably capable of being understood as directed at the individual caseworker; appeal dismissed. Reported as doctrine only. JADE
• WS v Secretary, Department of Communities and Justice [2026] NSWCA 178 (Leeming JA, Griffiths AJA) - leave under s 101(2)(e) requires a question of principle, public importance or reasonably clear injustice; parens patriae jurisdiction is ordinarily available only to fill a procedural gap in the Care Act regime, and discontinuing the concurrent statutory de novo appeal does not cure the abuse; a third party cannot raise unfairness owed to another; a court explains procedure to a self-represented litigant but does not conduct the case; immaterial factual errors do not warrant leave. JADE
• Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) v Commissioner of Corrective Services [2026] NSWCA 186 (Leeming JA) - s 17 Supreme Court Act exclusion applies only to pending prosecutions on indictment, which ended with the High Court's reinstatement; ss 18 and 25A Criminal Appeal Act engage only for bail pending the offender's own appeal, not a retrial or Crown appeal; the s 28A power belongs to the Court of Criminal Appeal, not the District Court (functus); a person on bail remains in law in custody and a fixed sentence keeps running absent statute; certiorari rather than declaration alone; the Commissioner, not "Corrective Services NSW", is the proper defendant. Reported as doctrine only; prisoner pseudonymised. JADE
• Alloway & Longo [2026] FedCFamC1A 152 (Campton J) - s 90RD declarations attract the correctness standard, not House v The King; global or blanket credibility findings impermissible where unreconciled with objective facts and concessions; findings contrary to compelling inferences set aside; on s 44(6) leave the applicant's case is taken at its highest and the merits are not decided; remitted to a different judge with costs certificates. JADE
• Olmstead & Olmstead [2026] FedCFamC1A 153 (Harper J) - an appeal compromised by consent still requires the court to be satisfied of appellable error and to give reasons; a $9.15m valuation against an agreed $3.07m expert figure was a material error of fact; orders not sought by either party made without hearing the parties denied procedural fairness (Stead); contributions assessed against the wrong pool cannot be assumed to apply to the correct pool, so remittal for rehearing; costs certificates under ss 6, 8 and 9 Federal Proceedings (Costs) Act. JADE
• AF Lawyers & Pirani [2026] FedCFamC1A 155 (McClelland DCJ, Williams and Brasch JJ) - accrued federal jurisdiction persists at appellate level; costs disclosure 16 days after first instructions not "as soon as practicable" (Legal Profession Uniform Law s 174), urgency explaining but not excusing; r 72A(2) exemption conditions conjunctive and new arguments unavailable on appeal; a charging clause in a costs agreement void under s 178(1)(a) cannot be relied on; a fruits of litigation lien attaches only to a judgment, award, compromise or fund recovered, not property merely retained; no priority question where only one security is valid. JADE

Also on the list.

• Scott v Scott (Recusal Application) [2026] FCAFC 124 (Needham, Vandongen and Wheatley JJ) - recusal against one member of a multi-member bench: the judge concerned decides first, then the whole coram satisfies itself independently as a matter going to jurisdiction; Ebner three-step test; a prior adverse or erroneous ruling supplies no logical connection; unparticularised actual bias rejected. JADE
• Dass v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2026] FCAFC 116 (Rangiah, Downes and Feutrill JJ) - errors in a tribunal's reasons are jurisdictional only if they affect the reasoning process; an internally inconsistent conclusion and a stray reference to offending that never occurred were typographical on a fair reading of the whole (ART Act ss 4, 111); each error assessed separately. JADE
• Thurston v Fox Sports Australia Pty Limited (No 2) [2026] FCAFC 118 (Bromwich, O'Callaghan and Abraham JJ) - a judge on remittal may determine or redetermine the costs of the whole proceeding without express appellate direction (Clifton v Clenergy); slip rule r 39.05(h) used to add "including any question of costs". JADE
• Lal v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2026] FCAFC 119 (Rangiah, Halley and Wheatley JJ) - appeal dismissed under r 36.75(1)(a)(i) for non-appearance after repeated notice; not a determination on the merits; r 36.75(2) set-aside available on an acceptable explanation and the strength of the appeal. JADE
• Falvo & Melita (No 3) [2026] FedCFamC1A 154 (Campton, Christie and Curran JJ) - s 78B notice raising no constitutional ingredient an abuse of process; apprehended bias (Ebner), procedural fairness and delay complaints rejected; s 4AA calls for a holistic assessment, not compartmentalised findings; s 90RD determination evaluative, not discretionary; indemnity costs of $44,351 for persistence after interlocutory warning, a 117-page non-compliant summary of argument and conduct contrary to ss 95-96; observations on the use of artificial intelligence by self-represented litigants. JADE
• Shepherd & McAffee [2026] FedCFamC1A 151 (Schonell J) - review of a senior appeal judicial registrar's decision is a hearing de novo; s 26(2)(b)(ii) FCFCOA Act bars appeals from expedition determinations; no utility once the first return date has passed. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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One territory, every court, and a short Monday list: two Supreme Court decisions, one of them a pleading masterclass. A strike-out application in a trust claim, and the line every drafter needs between a defect of substance (strike out) and a defect of form (further and better particulars), with the three certainties, the resulting trust presumption, and the separate pleading of quantum meruit and unjust enrichment set out in one place.

Features.

• Qiu v Zhang (No 2) [2026] ACTSC 338 (Muller J) - r 425 Court Procedures Rules 2006 (ACT) strike-out is discretionary, sparingly applied and reserved for the plain and obvious case of a defect of substance (M Plus Advisers v Frino); the three certainties of an express trust must be pleaded as facts (Dencio v Dencio; ASIC v Marco (No 13)); the presumption of resulting trust and burden-shifting analysis (Calverley v Green; Amit Laundry v Jain as approved in McGrath v McGrath); quantum meruit and unjust enrichment are distinct and must be separately pleaded with material facts; inability to access documents pending discovery is no answer to a pleading deficiency, preliminary discovery being the correct mechanism. JADE
• Girvan v Civil Construction Hire Pty Ltd (No 3) [2026] ACTSC 337 (Muller J) - costs orders; noted from the registry. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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PILOT. One practice area, one episode: the essential recent decisions from the Ledger's reporting, each read by the desk voice nearest its register. Today: civil procedure, winter 2026 - seven decisions deciding matters this spring.

Features.

• Northern Grampians Shire Council v Fox [2026] VSCA 214 - five member bench: limitation extensions are discretionary, House v The King governs review. JADE
• McIntyre v State of Victoria [2026] VSCA 213 - extensions of time: the frank and thorough affidavit, and the merits threshold that rises with unexplained delay. JADE
• Woodford v Fernando [2026] VSC 562 - the Fox standard in the field: synthesis not summation, presumptive prejudice, the applicant's onus. JADE
• Integrated Technologies Australia Pty Ltd v Lai [2026] VSC 559 - registrar appeals de novo; costs caps on the court's own motion; security in tranches. JADE
• Holmes v Knowmore Legal Service (No 3) [2026] VSC 560 - the initial trial carries the common questions and the lead plaintiff's claim together. JADE
• S & P Gomes Pty Ltd v Gannawarra Shire Council [2026] VSCA 211 - want of prosecution: cumulative prejudice suffices; the overarching obligation grounds indemnity costs. JADE
• RS v Commissioner of Police (NSW) [2026] NSWCCA 128 - subpoenas: the defence case as framed, the disclosed brief as the map, the evidentiary mosaic. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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PILOT. The court of curiosities: recent decisions whose results sound wrong until you understand why they are right. Counsel argue the intuitive answer against the legal one; the Professor resolves. Three sittings today, all from the last week of the Ledger.

Features.

• Health Care Complaints Commission v Hxx (No 2) [2026] NSWCATOD 117 - the tribunal that took a man's name off its own published decision: open justice yields to exceptional, medically evidenced harm, and the winner pays the costs. JADE
• Smith v Visy Pulp and Paper Pty Ltd (No 2) [2026] NSWSC 1013 - beat your own offer at trial and still no indemnity costs: an undifferentiated offer against two defendants was one nobody could accept. JADE
• Environment Protection Authority Victoria v Renex [2026] VSC 563 - nobody was harmed, and it barely helped: deterrence prices the risk created, not the luck that followed. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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One decision earns the weekend: the Court of Appeal's family property precis - Bosanac on the presumption of advancement, contemporaneous documents as evidence of intention, and a child-focused surname hyphenation. Pseudonyms preserved.

Features.

• MRV v Snw [No 2] [2026] WASCA 129 - advancement is a counter-presumption of last resort after Bosanac; a maker's absent letter is still objective evidence of intention; two-pool approaches are discretionary; vague liabilities excluded; 12.5% future-needs adjustment upheld; hyphenation sustained as child-focused on unchallenged findings. JADE
• Suppressed [2026] WASCA 127 - recorded without detail, as the suppression requires. JADE
• HUME v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2026] WASC 375 - subpoenas; noted. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.

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One state, one weekend, one quiet list with two keepers: the map of intervention order pathways, and a deathbed will admitted informally. Weekend roll-up, no padding.

Features.

• White v Dalas [2026] VSC 566 - PSIO architecture: extensions run on the s 83 forward-looking test, not the s 61 final-order test, even after consent orders and intervening interim orders; consent cannot be retrospectively withdrawn; exhibit discipline matters on judicial review. Doctrine only. JADE
• Re the Estate of Gigliotti [2026] VSC 550 - s 9 Wills Act three-part test for informal wills applied to a hospital-bedside document; contemporaneous affidavits outweigh reconstruction; suspicious circumstances and capacity weighed; ignorance of formalities is the very mischief s 9 cures. JADE
• DPP v Burr [2026] VSC 567 - noted from the registry. JADE

Full typeset judgments are in the Judicial Ledger. Theme music by Michael Green SC.