Decades before Roswell, decades before the term UFO even existed, something was already flying over America that nobody could explain. On the evening of November 17, 1896, citizens of Sacramento, California, watched a bright light move slowly across the overcast sky at roughly a thousand feet. Some heard voices shouting from the craft. Others reported singing.

A witness named R.L. Lowery described a cigar-shaped body with wheels on the sides, powered by two men pedaling a bicycle-like frame. Within days, newspapers from coast to coast had picked up the story, and the first great UFO wave in American history was underway. This episode traces the full arc of the phantom airship phenomenon from its California origins in November 1896 through its explosive spread across the Midwest and Texas in the spring of 1897. 

We cover Colonel H.G. Shaw's November 19, 1896, encounter with seven-foot-tall beings near Stockton, California, who attempted to force him aboard their metallic craft. We examine the February 1897 sightings over Hastings and Inavale, Nebraska, where witnesses described a conical craft with six lights and a fan-shaped rudder. We walk through the March 28, 1897, mass sighting in Topeka, Kansas, witnessed by Governor John W. Leedy himself, and the bizarre April 10, 1897, Springfield, Missouri, encounter where W.H. Hopkins found a grounded airship crewed by a naked man and woman who pointed to the sky and said something that sounded like "Mars."

The episode digs deep into the Texas sightings of mid-April 1897, when twenty-three counties produced thirty-eight separate reports in just five days. We cover the April 17, 1897, Stephenville encounter where over twenty-five witnesses, including Sam Houston's nephew and the town mayor, met a crew that identified themselves as Tilman and Dolbear and claimed to be fulfilling a contract with New York capitalists.

We examine Judge Albert L. Love's same-day encounter in Waxahachie with five peculiarly dressed men who claimed to be descendants of the ten lost tribes of Israel and said they'd built twenty airships. We break down the April 17, 1897, Aurora, Texas, crash, where correspondent S.E. Haydon reported in the Dallas Morning News that an airship collided with Judge J.S. Proctor's windmill, killing a pilot described as "not an inhabitant of this world" whose body was buried with Christian rites in the town cemetery. 

We explore the 1973 investigation by reporter Jim Marrs, the sealed well with elevated aluminum levels, and the ongoing debate over whether the story was an elaborate hoax to revive a dying town.We unpack the April 19, 1897, Alexander Hamilton cow abduction from LeRoy, Kansas, one of the most famous airship accounts ever published, backed by a sworn affidavit from eleven prominent citizens, and later exposed as a winning entry in a local liar's club competition.

We cover Captain Jim Hooton's April 20, 1897, encounter near Texarkana, where the railroad conductor followed the sound of what he recognized as a compressed air pump and found the airship on the ground with a crew that confirmed they were using compressed air and aeroplanes. 

We detail the May 6, 1897, encounter in the Ouachita Mountains near Hot Springs, Arkansas, where Constable John J. Sumpter Jr. and Deputy Sheriff John McLemore found the airship after their horses refused to advance, and a bearded man offered them a ride and said he was headed for Nashville. The episode also examines the hoaxes that muddied the waters, from the Omaha helium balloon prank to the Dallas boys who tied a burning cotton ball to a turkey vulture and accidentally set fire to the local high school.

 We discuss the role of yellow journalism, the cultural context of the 1890s, the theories of researchers Michael Busby and J. Allan Danelek regarding secret inventors, the mysterious Sonora Aero Club, and why Thomas Edison was forced to publicly deny involvement. We close by connecting the 1896–1897 wave to the 1909 New England sightings and the broader pattern of aerial phenomena that would define the twentieth century and beyond.

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Disturbing History is a dark history podcast exploring unsolved mysteries, secret societies, historical conspiracies, lost civilizations, and the shadowy stories buried beneath the surface of the past.

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