The PMRExam Podcast

David Rosenblum, MD Garden City and Brooklyn Pain Physician, world renown for his work on the PainExam Podcast, PainExam Pain Management Board Review and NRAP Academy's Continuing Medical Education Programs, discusses: a case of paresthesia in the upper neck realted to C3 and C4 stenosis and considers a selective nerve root block while wondering if a deep cervical plexus block would suffice.

Rational :

• Desire to avoid epidural due to proximity to spinal cord
• Ultrasound approach of cervial plexus may anesthetize C3 and C4 roots and may be sufficient to do with ultrasound alone
• Unfortunately, no data found to support this particular situation, however, it may be safe and effective if performed properly.

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Also discussed on this podcast:

The Superficial Cervical Plexus and applications for headache, neck pain, and clavicular fractures.

Caution: Phrenic Nerve

Anatomy

The cervical plexus is a complex network of nerves located in the neck region, originating from the anterior rami (branches) of the cervical spinal nerves, specifically those stemming from the upper cervical segments (C1 to C4). This intricate network serves to provide sensory and motor innervation to various structures within the neck and surrounding areas.

The cervical plexus is positioned within a groove between the longus capitis and the middle scalene muscles in the neck. It is organized into different nerve loops and branches that radiate outwards to supply various regions. The cervical plexus can be divided into deep and superficial components, each with distinct functions and innervation patterns.

Cervical Plexus: The plexus involves nerve loops and branches that provide both sensory and motor functions. The superficial sensory branches originating from adjacent anterior spinal nerves (C2 to C4) are responsible for providing sensation to specific areas of the skin, particularly in the head, neck, and shoulder regions. These sensory branches include the lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3), great auricular nerve (C2, C3), transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3), and supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4). These nerves typically run posteriorly and then penetrate the prevertebral fascia before reaching the skin and superficial structures.

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Ultrasound Workshops and Courses

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

Regenerative Pain Medicine Course NYC- November 11, 2023

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

Refereces

Kim JS, Ko JS, Bang S, Kim H, Lee SY. Cervical plexus block. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2018 Aug;71(4):274-288. doi: 10.4097/kja.d.18.00143. Epub 2018 Jul 4. PMID: 29969890; PMCID: PMC6078883. Read more!

ISPN Dubai 2023

David Rosenblum, MD interviews Reda Tolba, MD on the PainExam Podcast

In this episode, we delve into the realm of Pain Management in the US and the Middle East. Our international pain experts discuss the upcoming ISPN (International Society for Pain and Neuroscience) meeting in Dubai this december.

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Dr. Reda Tolba, MD, chairs the Pain Management Department at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi. He's internationally recognized for his contributions to Pain Medicine, boasting a wealth of experience from institutions like Wake Forest University Medical Center and Ochsner Health System.

Dr. David Rosenblum, MD, is the Director of Pain Management at Maimonides Medical Center and a driving force behind pain education platforms like PainExam.com and NRAP Academy. He's a pioneer in ultrasound-guided pain procedures, having trained thousands of physicians online and in person.

Tune in to hear Dr. Tolba's journey to being named Chair of Pain at Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, and his impressive academic and clinical achievements.Dr. Rosenblum, on the other hand, is known through his contributions to safe pain management protocols, and his mission to spread knowledge through podcasts and educational events.

Patients, interested he's scheduling an appointment with Dr. Rosenblum at his Long Island or Brooklyn Locations can go to AABPpain.com or call 718 436 7246 or 516 482 7246

To learn more about their work and educational initiatives, explore NRAPpain.org and PainExam.com/events. Join us in this episode to uncover insights from these leading figures in Pain Management.

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

On this episode, Dr. Rosenblum has a chat with Premier Heritage's Greg Alerte.

Greg has over 15 years of experience helping families and small business to achieve their financial goals. As co-owner and Certified Financial Planner at Premier Heritage, he focuses on helping people to preserve and grow their wealth, and to leave a legacy for future generations to build on. Greg's research and professional opinions, have been quoted in several financial publications, including Wall Street Journal, NerdWallet, Financial Planning magazine, and the Huffington Post. Greg's favorite quote is by the late Mia Angelou "when you learn teach, when you get give"

For more information, Email: [email protected]

David Rosenblum, MD Garden City and Brooklyn Pain Physician, world renown for his work on the PainExam Podcast, PainExam Pain Management Board Review and NRAP Academy's Continuing Medical Education Programs, discusses:

Attend and NRAP Course!

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

David Rosenblum, MD Garden City and Brooklyn Pain Physician, world renown for his work on the PainExam Podcast, PainExam Pain Management Board Review and NRAP Academy's Continuing Medical Education Programs discusses Central post-stroke pain (CPSP).

Central Post Stroke Pain is a debilitating condition that affects a significant number of stroke survivors. It is characterized by persistent neuropathic pain, often described as burning, shooting, or electric shock-like sensations, in the areas of the body affected by the stroke. CPSP can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and functional recovery, making it crucial for physicians to have a comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology.

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Ultrasound Workshops and Courses

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

Neuropathic Pain and Central Sensitization:CPSP is classified as a neuropathic pain syndrome, which means it arises from a dysfunction or damage to the nervous system. The exact pathophysiology of CPSP is complex and multifactorial, but it often involves the phenomenon of central sensitization. Central sensitization refers to the increased excitability and responsiveness of neurons within the central nervous system (CNS) in response to peripheral input.

Cortical Reorganization and Plasticity:

One key aspect of CPSP pathophysiology is cortical reorganization and plasticity. Following a stroke, the brain undergoes structural and functional changes as a result of the injury. This neuroplasticity, particularly in the somatosensory cortex, can contribute to the development of CPSP. Maladaptive plasticity may occur, leading to abnormal sensory processing and the generation of pain signals in response to non-painful stimuli.

Disrupted Pain Modulation Pathways:The pain perception and modulation pathways in the CNS play a crucial role in regulating pain signals. In CPSP, these pathways can be disrupted, leading to abnormal pain processing. Alterations in the descending inhibitory pathways, such as reduced inhibitory neurotransmitter release or impaired endogenous opioid system function, can result in increased pain sensitivity and the persistence of pain signals even after the resolution of the initial injury.

Inflammatory Processes and Neurotransmitter Imbalances:Inflammation within the CNS and imbalances in neurotransmitter systems also contribute to CPSP. Following a stroke, there is an inflammatory response that involves the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of immune cells. This inflammation can lead to sensitization of nociceptive neurons and exacerbate pain signaling. Additionally, imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, serotonin, and norepinephrine, may disrupt the normal pain processing pathways, further amplifying pain perception.

Peripheral and Central Lesions:CPSP can arise from both peripheral and central lesions. Peripheral lesions, such as damage to the spinothalamic tract or thalamus, can directly affect the transmission of pain signals. Central lesions, on the other hand, involve damage to the somatosensory cortex, thalamus, or other brain regions involved in pain processing. Both types of lesions can contribute to the development of CPSP through various mechanisms, including altered neuronal activity, disrupted connectivity, and aberrant sensory processing.

The complex interplay of cortical reorganization, disrupted pain modulation pathways, inflammatory processes, and peripheral and central lesions contribute to the development and persistence of CPSP. Further research is needed to unravel the intricacies of CPSP's pathophysiology, leading to the development of targeted therapies to alleviate the burden of this debilitating condition.

References

Liampas, A., Velidakis, N., Georgiou, T. et al. Prevalence and Management Challenges in Central Post-Stroke Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Ther 37, 3278–3291 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01388-w

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article Front. Neurol., 18 August 2021Sec. Stroke Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.678198

David Rosenblum, MD Garden City and Brooklyn Pain Physician, world renown for his work on the PainExam Podcast, PainExam Pain Management Board Review and NRAP Academy's Continuing Medical Education Programs, discusses:

• Genicular Nerve Ablation with Phenol
• The history of phenol
• The mechanism of action
• Indications
• Complications
• Clinical concerns when considering neurolysis with phenol

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Ultrasound Workshops and Courss

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

References D'Souza RS, Warner NS. Phenol Nerve Block. [Updated 2023 Jan 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Risso CR e tal.Chemical Ablation of Genicular Nerve with Phenol for Pain Relief in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective StudyVolume21, Issue4. April 2021Pages 438-444

Claim CME Credit The CE experience for this Podcast is powered by CMEfy - click here to reflect and earn credits: https://earnc.me/ATmqM6 David Rosenblum, MD Garden City and Brooklyn Pain Physician, world renown for his work on the PainExam Podcast, Board Review and NRAP Academy's Continuing Medical Education Programs, discusses Ketamine infusions, optimal infusion protocols and the evidence or lack of to support them. Ketamine infusions have been used for chronic neuropathic pain, CRPS and depression. Dr. Rosenblum is accepting new patients and consultations could be scheduled by visiting www.AABPPain.com or calling 718 436 7246 or 516 482 7246. Pain Management Board Prep Physiatry Board Prep

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

References Maher, Dermot P MD, MS; Chen, Lucy MD; Mao, Jianren MD, PhD. Intravenous Ketamine Infusions for Neuropathic Pain Management: A Promising Therapy in Need of Optimization. Anesthesia & Analgesia 124(2):p 661-674, February 2017. | DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001787

Long Island and Brooklyn based Pain Physician, David Rosenblum, MD describes prolotherapy and discusses mechanism of action, evidence and protocols. Also mentioned in this podcast, Prolotherapy protocols, low dose version high dose dextrose prolotherapy, spine prolotherapy, Spine ligaments Intertransverse ligament, Ilolumbar ligament pain and more!

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References Geonhyeong Bae, Suyeon Kim, Sangseok Lee, Woo Yong Lee, Yunhee Lim. Prolotherapy for the patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: systematic review and meta-analysis Anesth Pain Med 2021;16(1):81-95. Solmaz, İ. & Örsçelik, A. (2022). Approximately Three Years of Prolotherapy Experience of a Traditional and Complementary Medicine Center: An Epidemiologic Study . International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research , 3 (2) , 64-70 . DOI: 10.53811/ijtcmr.1040648 Harmon, Dominic, and Vladimir Alexiev. "Sonoanatomy and injection technique of the iliolumbar ligament." Pain Physician 14.5 (2011): 469. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04680936 David Rosenblum, MD Sit, R.W.S., Wu, R.W.K., Reeves, K.D. et al. Efficacy of intra-articular hypertonic dextrose prolotherapy versus normal saline for knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 18, 157 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2226-5

Morton's Neuroma Diagnosis Treatment and Regenerative Medicine Options

Claim CME for listening The CE experience for this Podcast is powered by CMEfy - click here to reflect and earn credits: https://earnc.me/7Oo1wq Dr Rosenblum discusses Morton's Neuroma and describes typical presentation, diagnosis, treatments such as corticosteroid injection, nerve ablation, regenerative medicine and more! Morton's neuroma is a painful condition that affects the foot, specifically the ball of the foot. It occurs when the tissue surrounding the nerves leading to the toes thickens, causing intense pain, numbness, or a burning sensation.

Course Calendar

Practice Management Webinar: The End of the Public Health Emergency. What's Changed and what Opportunities Remain!

Regenerative Pain Medicine Course NYC- May 13

Pain Management Board Review/Refresher Course/ Ultrasound Training NYC- June 9-11, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

References Platelet-rich-plasma Injection Therapy For Morton's Neuroma - Page #4. https://www.amssm.org/plateletrichplasma_injecti-csa-268.html?StartPos=130&Part=4a Bhatia M, Thomson L. Morton's neuroma - Current concepts review. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020 May-Jun;11(3):406-409. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.03.024. Epub 2020 Apr 10. PMID: 32405199; PMCID: PMC7211826. Barbara De Angelis, Lucilla Lucarini, Fabrizio Orlandi, Annarita Agovino, Alessia Migner, Valerio Cervelli, Valentina Izzo, Cristiano Curcio. Regenerative surgery of the complications with Morton's neuroma surgery: use of platelet rich plasma and hyaluronic acidVolume10, Issue4 August 2013 Pages 372-376

2023 Update to the Sacroiliac Joint CMS Covered Indications for SI Joint Injection Long Island Based Interventional Pain Physician, David Rosenblum, MD discusses Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction, and CMS's Covered Indications for Sacroiliac Joint Injection and Diagnostic Nerve Block The CE experience for this Podcast is powered by CMEfy - click here to reflect and earn credits: https://earnc.me/ryGmAg For PM&R Board Review, Click Here! Sacroiliac Joint Injections are considered necessary and reasonable when all of the following criteria are met:

1. Moderate to severe low back pain primarily experienced over the anatomical location of the SI joints between the upper level of the iliac crests and the gluteal fold, AND
2. Low back pain duration of at least three (3) months, AND
3. Low back pain below L5 without radiculopathy, AND
4. Clinical findings and/or imaging studies do not suggest any other diagnosed or obvious cause of the lumbosacral pain (such as central spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication/myelopathy, foraminal stenosis or disc herniation with concordant radicular pain/radiculopathy, infection, tumor, fracture, pseudoarthrosis, or pain related to spinal instrumentation), AND
5. At least three positive findings with provocative maneuvers: FABER, Gaenslen, Thigh Thrust or Posterior Shear, SI Compression, SI Distraction and Yeoman Tests,3,4 AND
6. Low back pain persists despite a minimum of four weeks of conservative therapies.5

Workshop and Calendar Regenerative Pain Medicine Course NYC- May 13 Pain Management Board Review/Refresher Course/ Ultrasound Training NYC- June 9-11, 2023 Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023 Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023 Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

References

https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/view/lcd.aspx?lcdId=39383&ver=9

Join digital health leader and Upside Health CEO Rachel Trobman and PainExam.com founder Dr. David Rosenblum in a conversation about the impact of the end of the public health emergency in May could have on your pain management practice. We'll specifically discuss the changes to telehealth and remote patient monitoring. The webinar will close with one of Upside Health's clients outlining the launch and successes of RTM in their practice and be available for Q&A.

Course Calendar

Practice Management Webinar: The End of the Public Health Emergency. What's Changed and what Opportunities Remain!

Regenerative Pain Medicine Course NYC- May 13

Pain Management Board Review/Refresher Course/ Ultrasound Training NYC- June 9-11, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- July 19, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine NYC- August 19th, 2023

Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine- Sept 15, 2023, San Juan, PR

For up to date Calendar, Click Here!

For more questions Email Rachel Trobman at [email protected]