If the oak tree is the tree that fed the world, Hickories are the tree that helped humans thrive in North America. Across eastern North America until only 300 or so years ago, hickories were the staple crop consumed most commonly. Like the oaks, their mast years drove the successes of communities, and even until recently, there were records of thin-shelled hickories that were likely planted and protected by indigenous people. To eat a hickory nut is to taste thousands of years of history on the continent.

For the uninitiated, hickory nuts are a treat; they can mostly similarly be compared to pecans, which is unsurprising given that they are so closely related they can interbreed (and hicans are an area of breeding worth exploring for several reasons). Hickories, specifically from shagbark hickories, have a subtle, maple flavor which underscores the pecan-esque flavor. The hard part is getting to the nut itself. While we call hickories and pecans nuts, they are referred to as drupes or drupaceous nuts rather than true botanical nuts because they grow within an outer husk. The scientific term, tryma, is how these unique types of fruits are classified. This can seem confusing at first, but if we consider the husk as an inedible fruit and the nuts the pit, they’re much easier to understand and categorize.

In this episode, we dive into the history of hickories, their misunderstood use on the landscape, why folks should care a whole lot more about them, and what the future of the hickory is on the American landscape!

Check out the corresponding substack article for resources, citations, and more information! https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/hickories?utm_source=profile&utm_medium=reader2

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Join us on a captivating exploration into the world of hazelnut cultivation with Dr. Thomas Molnar from Rutgers University, a leading figure in the hazelnut breeding program. Guided serendipitously into this field under the mentorship of Dr. Funk, Dr. Molnar shares his journey from turfgrass to nut tree breeding and unveils the rich history and nutritional benefits of hazelnuts. We unravel the complexities of tackling Eastern Filbert Blight and clarify misconceptions surrounding its impact on both native and European hazelnut varieties.

Embark on a 25-year journey of innovation and patience as we uncover the intricate process of developing new hazelnut cultivars like Raritan, the Beast, Somerset, and Hunterdin. Dr. Molnar sheds light on the challenges faced in breeding plants for diverse climates and the promise of hazelnuts as a viable crop for the Northeast. Through collaborations with local chefs and bakers, these fresh and flavorful nuts are making their mark on the market, fueling optimism for their future role in agriculture.

As hazelnuts emerge as a high-value agricultural product, we explore their potential across diverse climates and consumer demands. From their use in candies and pastes to the promise of oil production, these nuts offer an exciting opportunity for both traditional and non-traditional farmers. Discover the collaborative efforts among renowned universities and institutions, aiming to identify adaptable hazelnut varieties for various environments, ensuring their success in future food systems. With a focus on sustainability and innovation, hazelnuts are poised to become a staple in local agriculture.

Thomas Molnar received his PhD from Rutgers University in 2006. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Plant Biology Department of the Rutgers University School of Environmental and Biological Sciences (New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA). His research program concentrates on the genetic improvement and study of hazelnuts (Corylus) and large-bracted dogwoods (Cornus). Part of this work includes germplasm exploration, collection, and evaluation. A major aspect of his current research is developing and characterizing genetic resistance to eastern filbert blight, a fungal disease which is the primary limiting factor of hazelnut production in the eastern North America.

Check out the Rutgers Hazelnut research program at: https://research.rutgers.edu/agricultural-products/hazelnuts

For sources, transcripts, and to read more about this subject, visit: www.agroecologies.org

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early, commercial-free episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Key Words:

Hazelnut Cultivation, Dr. Thomas Molnar, Rutgers University, Hazelnut Breeding Program, Eastern Filbert Blight, Nut Tree Breeding, Hazelnut Varieties, Hazelnut Production, Hazelnut Cultivar Selection, Hazelnut Disease Resistance, Hazelnut Research, Hazelnut Market, Hazelnut Oil Production, Hazelnut Consumption, Sustainable Agriculture, Hazelnut Collaborations, Hazelnut Germplasm, Hazelnut Testing, Hazelnut Legacy Project

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In this episode, we dive into the history and use of the American hazelnut. Often an afterthought in nut production, the American hazelnut offers significant potential as a food crop while also offering critical ecosystem services. We compare its production to other tree crops and discuss where breeding work for American hazelnuts should focus to bring this plant back into food crop discussions.

Check out the corresponding substack article for resources, citations, and more information! https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/the-american-hazelnut

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Unlock the secrets of one of America's forgotten tree heroes, the Ozark chinkapin, as we chat with Steve Bost, the passionate founder of the Ozark Chinkapin Foundation. Discover the compelling story of this majestic tree, once thriving in our forests, now on the brink of vanishing due to the devastating chestnut blight. Steve shares insights into the extensive research and DNA studies being conducted to unravel the genetic mysteries of the Ozark chinkapin and the foundation's relentless efforts in preserving its legacy against the odds.

Explore the vital role human activity plays in both the spread and control of invasive species that threaten our native ecosystems. We highlight the resilient nature of the Ozark chinkapin, which could hold clues to climate adaptability and ecological restoration. This episode sheds light on the complexities of breeding programs designed to foster trees with blight resistance and drought tolerance, while also revealing surprising allies like neotropical birds that contribute to these ecological endeavors.

Join us on a journey through history and ecology, as we rediscover the interconnectedness of species like the American buffalo and native plants, shaped by traditional conservation practices. Steve and his team not only focus on the science but also emphasize the importance of community involvement in restoration efforts. Learn how you can become part of this crucial mission to protect our natural heritage and support the Ozark Chinkapin Foundation's inspiring work.

If you're unfamiliar with the chinquapin, you can check out the previous episode or read the piece linked below to learn more!

https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/chinquapins

To learn more about the Ozark Chinquapin Foundation, check out the following link:

https://ozarkchinquapinmembership.org/

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Key Words:

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In this episode, we dive into the history of the forgotten chinquapin and what new research tells us about its diversity and actual range. For folks unfamiliar, the chinquapin is often considered the smaller cousin of the American Chestnut, despite the fact that research today suggests that isn't the whole story. We're talking about the Ozark, Allegheny, and the Alabama chinquapins and what role these trees can play in our climate-change driven future!

Check out the corresponding substack article for resources, citations, and more information! https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/chinquapins 

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In this episode, we're joined by the director of the University of Tennessee’s tree improvement program, Dr. Scott Schlarbaum. Most people listening are probably surprised that any university offers a tree improvement program, and they’d be even more surprised to know that the program isn’t designed specifically with future cash crops in mind, but rather protecting ecotype genetic diversity and developing the foundation for potential tree crops, such as acorns, black walnuts, butternuts, and more. We chat about tree diversity, the potential of tree crops from wild trees, the impacts of invasives on our forests, and much more!

Check out the program's work at: https://treeimprovement.tennessee.edu/

On instagram at @tenntip

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The prole boys finally tackle the most divisive of nuts-- the black walnuts. Are they feety? How important have they been historically, anyway? Is juglone actually a problem-- and if so, what can be done about it? Lastly, what about the black walnut industry can we take away for other potential wild tree crops as potential food sources for our communities? This will be the first and (hopefully) last episode you'll ever need to understand the black walnut.

Check out the corresponding substack article for resources, citations, and more information! https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/black-walnuts

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

With over four decades in the field, Ken Asmus from Oikos Tree Crops shares his pioneering work in perennial crop breeding. Known for his innovative approaches to oak breeding, Ken recounts his journey from a family Christmas tree farm to becoming a key player in the nursery industry. Immerse yourself in Ken's world as he sheds light on the critical role of preserving genetic diversity and the passionate network of acorn collectors who support his mission.

Explore the untapped potential of acorns as a food source, with Ken's cutting-edge project on testing burr oak acorns for tannin levels taking center stage. Through vivid storytelling, Ken delves into the historical significance of acorn processing, drawing inspiration from Native American traditions and the work of Suella Ocean. The conversation reveals the exciting possibilities of integrating underutilized crops like hickories, black walnuts, and even niche favorites like hazelnuts and apricots into sustainable food systems, emphasizing the importance of communal innovation and honoring the legacy of past plant breeders.

Discover the intriguing concepts of understory crop development, with Ken's experiments on growing perennial potatoes and other lesser-known plants under oak canopies. From chufa to sunchokes, Ken paints a vivid picture of turning orchards into dynamic ecosystems. The episode wraps up with insights into the potential of niche crops and the creative process behind agricultural advancements, sparking curiosity and appreciation for the dedicated individuals driving progress in this essential field.

Follow Ken on instagram at @oikostreecrops

Check out Ken's writing at: https://oikostreecrops.com/ecological-enrichment/

Check out the substack article for sources cited and a more extensive review of the subjects discussed in this episode! https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/oaks-and-acorns

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Key Words:

Perennial Crop Breeding, Oak Breeding, Genetic Diversity, Acorn Collectors, Sustainable Agriculture, Niche Crops, Understory Crop Development, Plant Cultivars, Genetic Repositories, Perennial Potatoes, Chufa, Hydroponic Systems, Flavor Development, Rare Crops, Selective Breeding, Domestication, Creative Projects, Appreciation, Exchange of Ideas, Untapped Topics

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Elliott & Matt are back to discuss the oak tree, acorns, whether or not Elliott works for the CIA, and the pecularities of processing acorns. 

The Quercus genus is arguably the most important genus for all living things on earth, including humans. Spanning 55 million years, five continents, over six hundred species, including over ninety of which are here in North America, the oak tree is a central figure in folklore across the globe.

Found as both deciduous and evergreens, as massive keystone trees in forests, and as small shrubs, it’s no surprise that the ubiquitous oak is a foundational part of human existence. Oaks provide us with food, firewood, building materials, tannins for processing the leathers that shielded us from the elements, and feed for the animals and fungi we also consume. Our existence is predicated on their existence, and that’s clearly manifested in its cultural significance, from the names of places (such as Oakland) to its central role in religions (such as paganism).

Check out the substack article for sources cited and a more extensive review of the subjects discussed in this episode!

https://poorprolesalmanac.substack.com/p/oaks-and-acorns

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

In this episode, we're joined by Dan Kittredge to discuss the work his organization the Bionutrient Food Association is doing. The Bionutrient Institute team is a global collection of scientists, technicians, engineers, organizers, and others working toward our collective goal to define nutrient density. We chat at length about the surprising results of their studies, and how their testing allows us to better assess the claims of various farming methods, from permaculture, no-till, broad-forking, organic, all the way to conventional agriculture. How can we take this unique data to grow better food, and what are the implications of making food quality knowledge more democratic to consumers?

To check out Dan's work, visit:

https://www.bionutrientinstitute.org/

https://www.bionutrient.org/

https://www.youtube.com/@Bionutrient

and on instagram:

@Bionutrientfoodassociation

@Bionutrientinstitute

To support this podcast, join our patreon for early episode access at https://www.patreon.com/poorprolesalmanac 

For PPA Writing Content, visit: www.agroecologies.org

For PPA Restoration Content, visit: www.restorationagroecology.com

For PPA Merch, visit: www.poorproles.com

For PPA Native Plants, visit: www.nativenurseries.org

To hear Tomorrow, Today, our sister podcast, visit: www.tomorrowtodaypodcast.org/

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.