A Greek- and Arabic-speaking Syrian Christian, St. John Damascene was massively influential on Aquinas’ thought, especially on the issue of the worship of religious images. Aquinas borrows Damascene’s account of the use of externals in worship as grounded on the hylemorphic nature of human beings, and on the nature of human knowledge, which begins with the senses and only thereby reaches intelligible and spiritual realities. Hence, physical religious practices such as eastward prayer, ‘adoration’—bodily postures such as bowing, kneeling, prostrations, etc.—as well as the offering of sacrifices and the use of icons or religious images are means whereby the human mind is led by the senses to the contemplation of higher realities. Within this context Aquinas defends Damascene’s theory of the proper type of worship due to icons of Christ in particular, offering philosophical grounds for the bold claim that images of Christ are deserving of the worship of latria. We offer latria to these icons, not because they are creatures, but because they are images of the Incarnate Word of God, and the worship given to an image is directed to the prototype of the image. Aquinas develops this thinking through a text from the De Memoria et reminiscentia, where Aristotle explains that the movement of the mind towards an image is the same as the movement of the mind to the thing of which it is an image. Hence, Aquinas concludes that what is being worshipped in the icon is not a creature, but God Himself as represented by the icon, the latter being only a sign that leads the mind to God. (Recorded and aired on Friday, February 9, 2018, at 4:00 pm Eastern.)
Dr. Francisco Romero was born and raised in Puerto Rico. He holds a PhD in medieval philosophy from Marquette University and an M.A. in Theology and Christian Ministry from Franciscan University of Steubenville. He is a faculty member at St. Gregory the Great Seminary (Lincoln, Nebraska) and is also a research professor at Universidad Panamericana (Guadalajara, Mexico). As a scholar, he specializes in the philosophy of religion, philosophical ethics, and in Thomas Aquinas' Arabic philosophical sources. His academic research has appeared in numerous scholarly journals and international publications including The Thomist, American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, Latin Mass Magazine, and The New Catholic Encyclopedia. He is the author of the Ite ad Thomam blog, and the founder and president of Ite ad Thomam Books and Media. He lives in Lincoln, Nebraska with his wife and eight children. For Dr. Romero’s CV, publications, and other information and materials, visit his Academia.edu Page: https://up-mx.academia.edu/FranciscoRomeroCarrasquillo