Thierry Keller is a researcher in Tecnalia, a research institute in Spain. In this episode, he discusses some of the neuroprosthetic technologies for upper and lower extremity stimulation and recording that he is working to develop in his institute.

Top three takeaways:

1. Multiple stimulation channels, such as on the transcutaneous array, can provide better resolution of functions
2. There needs to be open communication and sharing of knowledge between technology developers, clinicians, and end users in order to maximize the positive impact of an implanted device
3. The point of research is not just to discover new things, but to be able to obtain conclusive results through repetition and testing

[0:00] Ladan introduces the episode and Thierry Keller, who gives an overview of his background and research experience

[3:30] When a product does not meet the needs of its end user, then it will fail. However, other needs, such as industry and stakeholder needs, must be taken into account.

[5:20] Research is not just about finding, but to be able to repeat and obtain conclusive results.

[8:00] Keller explains the transcutaneous array technology with multiple stimulation channels that Tecnalia is developing

[11:50] It is possible to learn how a patient perceives stimulation using this device, such as whether there is a tingling or touch effect, by changing stimulation frequency

[14:30] In addition to stimulation, the device also has the ability to record an electromyogram to allow the patient to command an upper extremity

[17:30] Keller discusses an electrode similar to a MUX sense for lower extremity sensing and stimulation

[20:30] Keller mentions that a similar type of electrode for upper extremities, with 32 channels that provide better resolution of functions, which can allow for wrist activation for lifting the hand and finger flexion

[22:00] Keller discusses what IFESS is, its history and its missions

[25:00] We need to spread knowledge about electrical stimulation to young researchers as well as therapists/clinicians and end users

[28:00] Networking between technology developers and end users is very important