Tiny Living Beings

Bryophytes are an ancient group of plants that include hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. They are the evolutionary link between land plants and the green algal ancestors that plants evolved from. But bryophytes are also really interesting in their own right and they are very understudied so it is lucky that I got to chat with an expert bryologist! This week, Blair Young discusses what bryophytes look like, where to find them, and why we study them. Blair is a PhD student at Rutgers University in the Struwe lab. She is also the assistant curator at the Chrysler herbarium and a field surveyor for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. You can follow her on instagram (@polarblairx). If bryophytes are interesting to you, check out these useful resources Blair has provided that will help you get started exploring these unusual plants!

1. Bryophyte Ecology e-book mentioned on the episode
2. Moss identification key
3. Liverwort identification key
4. Glossary of bryophyte-specific terminology

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Did you know the continents move at the same rate as your fingernails grow? Welcome BACK to Tiny Living Beings after a couple years off! For the first episode of the new season, I have Dr. Bolton Howes on to give a geologist's perspective on the history of the Earth that I hope will give context for all the other episodes of this show. We discuss everything from the origin of the planet 4.5 billion years ago to the first life, when plants and animals evolved, the two times Earth turned into a literal snowball, giant bugs, dinosaurs, climate change, and why it's so hard to reconstruct the past.

Bolton is a sedimentary geologist finishing up his postdoctoral research fellowship at University of Washington and Western Washington University. He will be starting a professorship at Wheaton College in the summer. You can follow his work here or on his website.

Some resources Bolton mentions during the episode that may be of interest if you want to learn more about Earth's history are:

1. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould
2. Extinction: How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago by Douglas H. Erwin
3. Radiolab episode about dino extinction: Dinopocalypse Redux
4. I also enjoyed this book many years ago: Life on a Young Planet by Andrew H. Knoll

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" (2021 remix) by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

The views and opinions expressed on this program are those of the host and guests and do not reflect the views of any institution.

Choanoflagellates are unicellular protists but they also happen to be the closest living relatives to animals. This week, David Booth discusses what choanoflagellates are, where you can find them, and the connection to animal evolution. He also talks about how these microbes are interesting in their own right, impacting whole food webs and ecosytems and interacting with bacteria. We talk about the fossil record and cover a bunch of major evolutionary transitions and how microbial life was the precursor to the kingdoms of organisms we're most familiar with today.Dr. David Booth, PhD, is an assistant professor at University of California San Francisco. His lab investigates the ecological interactions and cell fate of choanoflagellates. You can follow him on Twitter (@dsboothacosta), Instagram (@bioboothlab) or find his work on his lab website or on Google Scholar.For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram, @CouchMicroscopy on Twitter, or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

• North American Lichen Checklist
• Database of Lichens in North American Herbaria
• Catalog of research papers on lichens
• Some helpful books: Urban Lichens (this is the one I have), Lichens of North America, Delmarva Lichens: An Illustrated Manual, Field Guide to the Lichens of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Common Lichens of Northeastern North America, and The Macrolichens of New England
• Some images: source 1, source 2, source 3

Is fungi everywhere? Is it on our eyeballs and in our nose hairs? Yes, yes, and yes! This week I talk to Dr. Kristen aka Kaydubs about fungi in general and forest fungi in particular. We discuss what these organisms are made of, why they're only now being studied in depth, and the devastating outcomes of American chestnut blight. We also talk about how to become a master naturalist and why it's okay to be weird and/or join a mushroom club!

Dr. Kristen, PhD is a plant pathologist and an amazing science communicator. You can follow her on instagram: @kaydubsthehikingscientist. I highly recommend following this account (it is hands down my favorite) because you will learn so much about all the organisms in the forest, from trees to insects to lichens. Lots of cool hiking info and adorable cat content as well. Also, here's a link to Kristen's linktree.

And here are links to the lists of North American mushroom societies and American native plant societies. Sorry people on other continents! I'm tired and this episode comes out in an hour and I didn't have time to look up your societies.

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram, @CouchMicroscopy on Twitter, or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

While some of the content on this podcast may be relevant to human or veterinary medicine, this information is not medical advice. The views and opinions expressed on this program are those of the host and guests and do not reflect the views of any institution.

Tardigrades aka water bears aka moss piglets are extremely popular! This is due to their tolerance of harsh environments and because of their perceived "cuteness". This week, I speak with Chloé Savard (@tardibabe) about what tardigrades are, what it actually means to "survive" in extreme conditions, and how to find them in nature. We also talk quite a bit about some of the tardigrade misinformation that's constantly circulating that paints these animals as indestructible or even immortal. Chloé uses her expertise on these charismatic microscopic animals to help debunk some strange clickbait claims. We had a lot of fun on this episode and if you have an interest in getting started with hobby microscopy, this is definitely a good episode to listen to!

Chloé Savard is a microbiology student and social media sensation. You can follow her work on Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. She is also launching a website soon that will be selling prints so stay tuned!

Here is a great article she wrote about how to find and image tardigrades! https://moticmicroscopes.com/blogs/articles/tardigrades-waterbears

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram, @CouchMicroscopy on Twitter, or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

While some of the content on this podcast may be relevant to human or veterinary medicine, this information is not medical advice. The views and opinions expressed on this program are those of the host and guests and do not reflect the views of any institution.

What are the microbes in our gut up to? And how does their life affect our lives? This week, Dr. Haley Hallowell teaches us all about the gut microbiome and virome, that is, how microbes and viruses inside us affect each other and our own health! We also play a game on this episode where I make some bold claims that have gained traction on social media recently-some true, some ridiculous, some in between-and Haley becomes a professional myth-buster, using the latest science of course. Make sure to listen to the end because this episode wraps up with the two of us trying to figure out how much poop can fit in the human body.

Dr. Haley Hallowell, PhD is a postdoctoral researcher in the Suez lab at Johns Hopkins University where she studies how bacteriophages influence the microbiome and how the host immune system responds to these viruses. She is also a fabulous science communicator and you can follow her on Twitter and TikTok, where she sets the record straight on pseudoscientific health claims about the gut. Her videos are amazing! Definitely follow her!

Some resources we discuss on the episode for getting trustworthy scientific information: Pubmed, Nature, Elisabeth Bik's Microbiome Digest.

Some papers Haley mentions:

• The Gut Virome Database Reveals Age-Dependent Patterns of Virome Diversity in the Human Gut
• A microbiome-dependent gut-brain pathway regulates motivation for exercise
• The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics
• The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies
• Phage therapy: From biological mechanisms to future directions

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram, @CouchMicroscopy on Twitter, or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

While some of the content on this podcast may be relevant to human or veterinary medicine, this information is not medical advice. The views and opinions expressed on this program are those of the host and guests and do not reflect the views of any institution.

Did you know there are microbes living in holes in glaciers? What are they doing there and what can we learn from them? Quite a lot actually! This week, Dr. Jaz Millar and I talk all about cryoconite holes which house polar microbial communities, how they're forms, and what they tell us about the past, present, and future conditions of life on Earth. We also learn that when a topic related to something unmicrobial like gasp animals gasp comes up, I'm totally clueless. Jaz tells us the harrowing tale of how they were stranded in Antarctica during the initial Covid-19 lockdowns, what it's like to work in vulnerable polar locations, and how issues of science impact indigenous communities around the world.

Dr. Jaz Millar, PhD is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bristol with expertise in microbiology, molecular biology, and extremophiles. You can follow them on Twitter: @JazzedUpScience and Instagram: @jazzedupscience.

Here are some links to more Jaz-related cool science stuff:

• Extremophiles article on The Conversation

• Interview about being stranded in Antarctica

• Cryoconite holes article

• Paper on cryoconite holes

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram, @CouchMicroscopy on Twitter, or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

While some of the content on this podcast may be relevant to human or veterinary medicine, this information is not medical advice. The views and opinions expressed on this program are those of the host and guests and do not reflect the views of any institution.

How do we know what the Earth was like billions of years ago? And where did all the oxygen come from? Spoiler alert: it's microbes! This week I speak with Dr. John Encarnacion about the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) that changed our planet forever and is the reason we breathe today. We talk about the detective work of geologists and the evidence found in rocks that teaches us about ancient biological and geological processes!

Dr. John Encarnacion, PhD is a professor at Saint Louis University where he studies plate tectonics and hard rock geology. You can learn more about his work on his website and read his publications on Google Scholar. He is also an amazing science communicator and you can follow his fun geology page on Instagram: @a_geologist.

For more info on microbes and to follow updates of this podcast, find @couch_microscopy on Instagram, @CouchMicroscopy on Twitter, or visit www.couchmicroscopy.com/store for merch!

Music is "Introducing Cosmic Space" by Elf Power and "Vorticella Dreams" by L. Felipe Benites.

The views and opinions expressed on this program are those of the host and guests and do not reflect the views of any institution.