Summary: Investigates current trade conflicts and their implications for the future global economic order. The article examines how technological competition, supply chain security, and strategic resources have become central to modern trade disputes. It explores emerging forms of economic warfare and considers how the global trading system might evolve in response to new security challenges and technological changes.

Summary: Examines the transformation of trade wars from the 1990s through the 2010s, focusing on how globalization, technological change, and the rise of China reshaped economic competition. The article analyzes the emergence of new battlegrounds in trade warfare, from intellectual property disputes to digital commerce regulations. It demonstrates how traditional trade tools have been supplemented by sophisticated forms of economic statecraft, including financial sanctions and technology controls.

Explores the fundamental nature of trade wars through historical cases, from the Anglo-Dutch Wars to the US-Japan tensions of the 1980s. The article demonstrates how trade conflicts have consistently served as proxies for broader strategic competition between nations, while examining how the tools and tactics of economic warfare have evolved over time. The analysis reveals enduring patterns in how nations use trade as an instrument of power and how commercial conflicts can escalate into broader confrontations.