Tudor History with Claire Ridgway

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To celebrate 80,000 subscribers, Tim takes on my Tudor History Challenge! Play along with five rounds of Tudor trivia and tell us your score out of 45 in the comments. Did you beat Tim? Thank you for being part of The Anne Boleyn Files community. Subscribe for more Tudor history, mysteries and research.

QUESTIONS

Round 1: Fact or Fiction?

1. Henry VIII banned football.
2. Henry VIII nearly drowned after falling headfirst into a ditch.
3. Elizabeth I restricted meat on Wednesdays because she thought it was unhealthy.
4. Elizabeth I sentenced a man to death for writing about her marriage prospects.
5. Mary I was England's first crowned queen.

Round 2: Who Am I? (Clues)

1. Imprisoned under Elizabeth I; secretly married Lady Katherine Grey, sister of Lady Jane Grey.
2. Witnessed the 1572 St Bartholomew's Day Massacre; Elizabeth's ambassador to France; organised her intelligence network.
3. A learned Cooke sister, famed for Greek and her library; married William Cecil, Lord Burghley.
4. Claimed to be a Prince in the Tower; supported by foreign rulers; rebelled against Henry VII and was executed in 1499.
5. Powerful under Edward VI; tried to prevent Mary succeeding; executed in August 1553.

Round 3: What Happened Next?

1. Anne Askew refused to implicate Catherine Parr's circle. What did her interrogators do?
2. As Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, was about to be beheaded, what did a man in the crowd demand?
3. What was found beneath Mary, Queen of Scots' clothing after her execution?
4. At the Field of Cloth of Gold, Henry VIII and Francis I wrestled. What happened?
5. What happened when Henry VIII's army met French cavalry near Thérouanne in 1513?

Round 4: Who Said That?

1. "I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king."
2. "Some be too stiff in their old mumpsimus, others be too busy and curious in their new sumpsimus."
3. "I am alreadie maried to this common weale, & the faythful membres of the same."
4. Who described a clergyman as "Sometimes the beautiful temple of God, but now the stinking and filthy kennel of Satan"?
5. Who reportedly told his executioner, "Pluck up thy spirits, man, and be not afraid to do thine office; my neck is very short"?

Round 5: The 80K Challenge

1. Which of Henry VIII's wives was married to him for the shortest time?
2. Who crowned Edward VI?
3. Which pretender impersonated the Earl of Warwick and challenged Henry VII?
4. Which niece of Henry VIII was imprisoned in 1536 after secretly becoming betrothed?
5. Which Archbishop of Canterbury died on the same day as Mary I?

ANSWERS

R1: 1 Fact (football restricted by a 1541 law); 2 Fact (Edmund Moody rescued him); 3 Fiction (naval and fishing interests); 4 Fiction (John Stubbs lost his right hand); 5 Fact.

R2: 1 Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford; 2 Sir Francis Walsingham; 3 Mildred Cooke Cecil; 4 Perkin Warbeck; 5 John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland.

R3: 1 She was racked, then burned for heresy; 2 He wanted money owed to him; 3 A little dog; 4 Francis I threw Henry; 5 The French fled (the Battle of the Spurs).

R4: 1 Elizabeth I; 2 Henry VIII; 3 Mary I; 4 Lady Jane Grey; 5 Sir Thomas More.

R5: 1 Anne of Cleves; 2 Thomas Cranmer; 3 Lambert Simnel; 4 Lady Margaret Douglas; 5 Cardinal Reginald Pole.

#TudorHistory #Tudors #HistoryQuiz #AnneBoleyn #HenryVIII #ElizabethI

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What was wrong with Henry VIII's legs? Was it a jousting injury, chronic ulcers, an infection, or even syphilis? And did that famous jousting accident in 1536 really cause the leg problems that plagued the Tudor king for the rest of his life? I've been digging into the contemporary accounts of Henry VIII's health, and some of the things I've discovered have made me question stories I've read, and even repeated myself, over the years! In this video, I'm looking at when Henry's leg problems actually began, what Tudor ambassadors reported about his painful sores and leg ulcers, and just how serious his condition became. In 1538, Henry was reportedly dangerously ill when one of the fistulas in his legs stopped draining, and by 1544 his legs were being described as the "worst legs in the world"! I'll also be investigating the evidence for the 1536 jousting accident, the story of Tudor surgeon Thomas Vicary supposedly curing Henry's sore leg, and the medical explanations that have been suggested, including chronic venous disease, infection and syphilis. And what about Henry's personality? Could years of chronic pain have contributed to the changes we associate with the king in his later years? As always, I'll be going back to the original Tudor sources to see what we actually know, what we can reasonably suggest, and where the evidence simply isn't there.

Want to explore the evidence further? I've also been doing some extra research into Henry VIII's leg problems for my YouTube channel members, including a closer look at Thomas Vicary, the surgeon who supposedly cured Henry's sore leg, and an investigation into syphilis in Tudor England, the treatments available and what George Constantine's recommendation of guaiacum might actually tell us. Depending on your membership tier, you'll have access to these additional Evidence Room videos and other exclusive Tudor history content. Just click the Join button to explore the different levels and see what's included. And a huge thank you to everyone who's already supporting my research through channel membership! I'd love to know what you've always believed about Henry VIII's leg problems. Did you think they were caused by the 1536 jousting accident? Let me know in the comments! If you enjoy Tudor history, Henry VIII, the six wives of Henry VIII and investigating the stories behind the familiar history, do subscribe to The Anne Boleyn Files for more Tudor history videos. #HenryVIII #TudorHistory #AnneBoleyn

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Can you steal someone else's historical research? And does publishing something first mean you own the idea?

I've been researching Anne Boleyn for nearly twenty years, but that doesn't mean I own her story, the historical sources I've used or the questions I've asked!

I've seen quite a few accusations recently about people stealing historical ideas, theories and research, and it's got me thinking about where we actually draw the line. I've had my own work plagiarised over the years, so I know how horrible that is, but I also think we need to be careful about accusing people of stealing research simply because they've reached the same conclusion as somebody else.

In this video, I'm talking about plagiarism, independent research, giving other historians credit and why I think we should be able to disagree with each other's interpretations without things getting personal. I'm also looking at the rather entertaining academic exchanges between Anne Boleyn historians Eric Ives and G. W. Bernard, and why I think being willing to change our minds is an important part of researching history.

And, of course, there may be a few Tudor research rabbit holes along the way! I'd love to know what you think. Where do you draw the line between independently reaching the same conclusion and using somebody else's work? Have you ever thought you'd made an exciting historical discovery, only to find that somebody wrote about it over a hundred years ago?

Do share your thoughts in the comments. If you enjoy Tudor history, going back to the original sources and questioning some of the stories we've been told, please do subscribe to The Anne Boleyn Files and join me for more Tudor history. #AnneBoleyn #TudorHistory #HistoricalResearch #History #TheAnneBoleynFiles

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A viewer recently emailed me with some well-meaning professional advice: she found my bare arms, flushed skin and tattoos distracting from my history content, and suggested that I might consider wearing a blouse or even a turtleneck when filming.

There was just one rather wonderful irony...The two visible tattoos she suggested I cover up are both connected to Anne Boleyn - and one of them seemed to provide the perfect response from nearly 500 years ago:"Ainsi sera, groigne qui groigne."

Or, as I like to translate it: "Let them grumble. That's the way it's going to be."

In this video, I'm exploring the fascinating history behind Anne Boleyn's defiant motto, why she had it embroidered on her servants' livery during Henry VIII's Great Matter, and its possible connection to the court of Margaret of Austria.

I'm also sharing the very personal reason I had those words tattooed on me in 2021, after years of allowing online criticism to affect my confidence.

And the viewer's email raised another interesting question: are women still judged differently from men when it comes to appearance and professionalism? Can bare shoulders or tattoos really distract from someone's expertise? And would we react in the same way to a male historian?

I'd love to know what you think in the comments.And as for whether I'll be filming my videos in a turtleneck from now on...Ainsi sera, groigne qui groigne.Let them grumble!

#AnneBoleyn #TudorHistory #Tudors #HenryVIII #History

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Did Catherine Howard really confess that she intended to have sex with Thomas Culpeper? I've seen this claim repeated in books and online, and something about it has been bothering me. So, while researching Catherine Howard for my recent event, I decided to go down this particular Tudor rabbit hole and look at the records from 1541 and 1542, and the case made against Catherine, and ask a very simple question: Who actually said what? Because there's an important difference between what Catherine admitted, what was said about her, and what was later presented as fact.

Listen to the end and see whether you think the evidence supports the way Catherine's "confession" is often described.

If you enjoy questioning familiar Tudor stories and going back to the original evidence with me, please subscribe. There are plenty more Tudor rabbit holes to come.

#CatherineHoward #TudorHistory #HenryVIII

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You've probably heard the famous rhyme about Henry VIII's six wives:"Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived."

But mention it online, and you tend to get someone saying, "Actually, Henry didn't divorce Catherine of Aragon or Anne of Cleves. Their marriages were annulled."

But is that correction actually right?

In this video, I'm looking at what "divorce" meant in the sixteenth century, why Tudor terminology doesn't fit neatly with our modern distinction between divorce and annulment, and what contemporary sources actually say.

We'll look at medieval canon law, Henry VIII's sister Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII's relationship ends, and a legal document from 1540 which explicitly describes Anne of Cleves as "divorced" from Henry VIII.

So, was Henry VIII's marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled? Yes. But is it historically inaccurate to say they were divorced?Not at all.

So "Divorced, beheaded, died..." can definitely stay!

#HenryVIII #TudorHistory #AnneOfCleves #CatherineOfAragon #Tudors

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We spend so much time talking about Anne Boleyn's extraordinary rise and her dramatic fall that we often skip over the bit in between, but what was Anne actually like as Queen of England?

Anne was Henry VIII's queen for just three years, but during that short time she acted as an intercessor, supported scholars and universities, promoted religious reform, gave to the poor, patronised artists and used her access to Henry VIII to help people who appealed to her.

In this instalment of my Anne Boleyn documentary series, I'm looking at Anne "the queen in her own right". What was expected of a Tudor queen consort? How much influence could Anne really exercise? How did she use patronage, her household and her position close to the king? And what can surviving objects such as her famous "Most Happy" medal, crowned falcon badge, jewellery and books tell us about the way Anne presented herself as queen?

I'll also look at Anne's religious and charitable activities, her patronage of scholars and reformers, her role as intercessor, her pregnancies and the all-important expectation that she would provide Henry VIII with a male heir.

Join me as we explore an often overlooked part of Anne Boleyn's story: the years when she wasn't Henry VIII's prospective bride or his condemned wife, but Queen of England.

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Who would agree to become Henry VIII's fourth wife?

By late 1537, Henry VIII was back on the marriage market. Catherine of Aragon had been banished, Anne Boleyn had been executed, and Jane Seymour had died shortly after giving Henry the legitimate son he had longed for.

Now the 46-year-old king needed another queen.

And so began an extraordinary search across Europe.

In this video, I'm giving Henry VIII's search for wife number four the Tudor Blind Date treatment as we meet some of the women considered by Henry and his government.

There was Christina of Denmark, the young widowed duchess whose portrait by Hans Holbein delighted Henry; Marie de Guise, a tall French widow who had already produced sons; her younger sister Louise; Anna of Lorraine; and, eventually, two sisters from Cleves: Anne and Amalia.

Along the way, ambassadors were dispatched, portraits were commissioned, diplomatic negotiations unfolded and Hans Holbein found himself travelling around Europe painting prospective queens.

But finding Henry VIII a suitable wife wasn't simply a matter of finding a woman he liked. Marriage was foreign policy, and every prospective bride came with dynastic connections, diplomatic advantages and complications of her own.

So who would win Tudor Blind Date and become Henry VIII's fourth wife?We already know the answer.But the story of how Henry ended up with Anne of Cleves is far more interesting than you might think.

#HenryVIII #AnneOfCleves #TudorHistory #HansHolbein #TheTudors

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One of the most famous quotations attributed to Mary of Guise is her alleged reply to Henry VIII's proposal of marriage:

"I may be a big woman, but I have a very little neck."

It's a wonderful story, cleverly alluding to Anne Boleyn's execution and Henry VIII's reputation. But did Mary of Guise really say those words?

In this video, I investigate the evidence by examining contemporary diplomatic correspondence, including the dispatches of the French ambassador Castillon, along with the works of John Knox, John Lesley, George Buchanan, Agnes Strickland, Antonia Fraser, John Guy and other historians.

Can this famous quotation be traced to a contemporary source, or has it become accepted simply through repetition?

Join me as I follow the evidence and explore one of Tudor history's most intriguing quotation mysteries.

If you enjoy evidence-based Tudor history, please like, subscribe and let me know your thoughts in the comments. And if you've come across a contemporary source for the quotation, I'd genuinely love to hear about it.

#TudorHistory #HenryVIII #MaryOfGuise #AnneBoleyn #MaryQueenOfScots #TudorEngland #Tudors #BritishHistory #HistoryMystery #HistoryFacts #MedievalHistory #HistoryLovers

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It's one of the most famous stories surrounding Henry VIII's fourth marriage. Hans Holbein the Younger was supposedly sent to Cleves to paint Anne's portrait, produced an image that made her look far more attractive than she really was, and Henry agreed to the marriage - only to be bitterly disappointed when he finally met Anne in person.

But is that actually what happened?

In this podcast, I'm going back to the evidence from 1539 to investigate what Henry VIII really knew about Anne of Cleves before they met.