Understanding and Refuting Islam

Lesson 075 of 145 • Chapter 7 • Section 7.3 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster What do sacrifice and ransom mean in Islamic and Christian teaching? This lesson considers Eid al-Adha, the sacrifices of Adam’s sons, Quranic teaching about piety and Abraham’s offering. It presents the Christian reading of Isaac’s offering as a pointer to Christ and suggests questions for respectful conversations with Muslim friends. Previous: 074 — Bearing Another’s Burden (7.2). Follow the numbered lessons in order. References used in the presentation Quran 5:27 (Pickthall): https://quranx.com/5.27 ; https://quran.com/5/27 Quran 22:32–38 (Yusuf Ali): https://quranx.com/22.32 ; https://quran.com/22/32 Quran 37:100–113 (Hilali–Khan): https://quranx.com/37.100 ; https://quran.com/37/100 Ibn Kathir is cited in the script for the claim that the ram came from paradise; no work or page is supplied, so this is not treated as a verified Quranic quotation. The Quran passage does not explicitly name the offered son. The Christian typology and broader claims about sacrifice are the author’s theological interpretation. Includes non-graphic discussion of animal sacrifice and Abraham’s offering. Engage texts carefully and people respectfully. Free books and teaching: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 074 of 145 • Chapter 7 • Section 7.2 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster Can one person bear another’s burden of sin? This lesson examines Quranic passages and hadith about pardon, mercy, deeds, intercession and substitution, then relates them to Christian belief in Christ’s atoning work. It compares translations of Quran 5:29 and presents the course’s grammatical argument. Read the texts in context and assess the proposed interpretations. Previous: 073 — Islam’s View of the Fall (7.1). Continue the numbered course in order. References used in the presentation Quran 2:46–52 (Pickthall): https://quranx.com/2.46 ; https://quran.com/2/46 Sahih Muslim, Book 39, Hadith 6769: https://sunnah.com/muslim/39 ; collection: https://sunnah.com/muslim Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 352: https://sunnah.com/muslim/1 Quran 53:38–39 (Yusuf Ali): https://quranx.com/53.38 ; https://quran.com/53/38 Quran 53:32 (Yusuf Ali): https://quranx.com/53.32 ; https://quran.com/53/32 Quran 5:29 (Hilali–Khan and Pickthall): https://quranx.com/5.29 ; https://quran.com/5/29 Sahih Muslim, Book 37, Hadith 6668: https://sunnah.com/muslim/37 Sahih Muslim, Book 39, Hadith 6760–6764: the presentation provides hadith numbers but no direct URL. Al-Jalalayn and Ibn Abbas commentaries on Quran 5:29: cited in the script without edition or page; no direct URL is supplied. Hadith numbering follows the presentation’s USC-MSA references; modern editions may number them differently. The commentary reference gives no edition or page; consult the text before relying on the author’s interpretation. Critique ideas with care and treat people with respect. Free books: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 073 of 145 • Chapter 7 • Section 7.1 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster How do the Quran and hadith describe Adam, Iblis, the garden and forgiveness? This lesson compares those accounts with Christian teaching about original sin. It examines prostration before Adam, temptation, repentance, humanity’s life outside paradise and traditions about the disposition of children. It then raises questions about inherited consequences and atonement. These are the author’s theological arguments; read cited texts in context and distinguish interpretation from quotation. Previous: 072 — A Different God, a Different Garden (7.0). Follow the numbered course in order. References used in the presentation Quran 2:34–39 (Pickthall): https://quranx.com/2.34 ; https://quran.com/2/34 Quran 7:19–27 (Pickthall): https://quranx.com/7.19 ; https://quran.com/7/19 Sahih Muslim, Book 37, Hadith 6621–6622 (USC-MSA): https://sunnah.com/muslim/37 ; https://sunnah.com/muslim Quran 11:114 (Hilali–Khan): https://quranx.com/11.114 ; https://quran.com/11/114 Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 23, Hadith 440 (USC-MSA): https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-2/Book-23 ; https://sunnah.com/bukhari Quran 30:30 (Hilali–Khan): https://quranx.com/30.30 ; https://quran.com/30/30 Quran 100:6–11 (Pickthall): https://quranx.com/100.6 ; https://quran.com/100/6 Quran 4:1 (Arberry): https://quranx.com/4.1 ; https://quran.com/4/1 The hadith references retain the USC-MSA numbering used in the presentation; modern editions may number them differently. Engage ideas carefully and people respectfully. Free books and teaching: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 072 of 145 • Chapter 7 • Section 7.0

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

How do different understandings of God shape the accounts of the garden, human sin and forgiveness? This introduction opens Chapter 7 by connecting divine character to the Fall and atonement. It asks how a guilty person can stand before a holy God, and explains the purpose of Christian–Muslim dialogue: clarity about truth joined to care for the person across the table. Muslim listeners are expressly welcomed.

Previous: 071 — Trust and Divine Identity (6.9). Next: 073 — Islam’s View of the Fall (7.1). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

SOURCE NOTE

This introductory presentation supplies no dedicated bibliography or specific textual citations. Detailed source discussions follow in the chapter. Distinguish the course’s theological arguments from quotations of primary texts.

Discuss ideas carefully and treat people with dignity.

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Lesson 071 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.9

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

This summary brings together Chapter 6’s arguments about divine names, character, makr and trustworthiness. It revisits the course’s distinction between sovereignty over lying agents and God himself lying, and explains the Christian confidence in Christ presented throughout the chapter. The closing question leads into Chapter 7’s treatment of the Fall, sin and atonement.

Previous: 070 — Sovereignty and Deception (6.8). Next: 072 — A Different God, a Different Garden (7.0). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

SOURCE NOTE

The summary provides no dedicated bibliography. Consult lessons 061–070 for the chapter’s detailed sources. The promise quoted in the closing comparison is John 6:37 (KJV): https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A37&version=KJV

Read the sources in context and engage people with respect.

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Lesson 070 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.8 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster Does God’s sovereignty over deception mean that God himself lies? This lesson examines Ahab, David’s census, hardening and delusion, distinguishing God’s decree from created agents and divine truthfulness. It also considers the crucifixion and confidence in God’s promises. Previous: 069 — The Same-God Claim (6.7). Next: 071 — Chapter 6 Summary (6.9). Follow the numbered lessons in order. References used in this lesson Bible passages (KJV unless noted): 2 Chronicles 18:19–23 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+18%3A19-23&version=KJV Ephesians 1:11 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ephesians+1%3A11&version=KJV Romans 9:19–25 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+9%3A19-25&version=KJV Romans 9:14–18 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+9%3A14-18&version=KJV 2 Thessalonians 2:3–12 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+2%3A3-12&version=KJV Numbers 23:19 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers+23%3A19&version=KJV Titus 1:1–3 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Titus+1%3A1-3&version=KJV John 6:37 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+6%3A37&version=KJV Romans 10:12–13 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+10%3A12-13&version=KJV 2 Timothy 1:7 — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Timothy+1%3A7&version=KJV 2 Samuel 24:1 (KJV 1900) — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+24%3A1&version=KJV 1 Chronicles 21:1 (KJV 1900) — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Chronicles+21%3A1&version=KJV Acts 2:22–24 (KJV 1900) — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+2%3A22-24&version=KJV Acts 4:25–28 (KJV 1900) — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+4%3A25-28&version=KJV Isaiah 53:10 (KJV 1900) — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+53%3A10&version=KJV Romans 8:28–34 (KJV 1900) — https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+8%3A28-34&version=KJV Quran passages (Hilali–Khan): Al-A'raf 7:99 — https://quranx.com/7.99 ; https://quran.com/7/99 An-Naml 27:4 — https://quranx.com/27.4 ; https://quran.com/27/4 Al-Hijr 15:39 — https://quranx.com/15.39 ; https://quran.com/15/39 An-Naml 27:24 — https://quranx.com/27.24 ; https://quran.com/27/24 Read the sources and engage people with respect. Free books and teaching: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 069 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.7 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster This lesson evaluates whether Christians and Muslims worship the same God, comparing the Vatican II documents cited in the lesson, a Catholic Answers argument and biblical passages about the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. The course offers a Protestant critique; assess the sources and claims in context. Previous: 068 (6.6). Next: 070 (6.8). Follow the numbered course order. REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON 1. Bible, John 8:44 (NKJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8%3A44&version=NKJV 2. Quran 3:54 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/3.54 https://quran.com/3/54 3. Quran 7:99 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/7.99 https://quran.com/7/99 4. Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium), ch. 2, §16 (21 Nov. 1964). 5. Second Vatican Council, Declaration on Non-Christian Religions (Nostra Aetate), §3 (28 Oct. 1965). 6. Fr. Brian W. Harrison, “Muslims Worship the One True God: Only Their Receiving Apparatus Is Defective,” This Rock (2003), Catholic Answers; quotes Nostra Aetate as §2. 7. Bible, 1 John 2:22–23 (Authorized Version/KJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+John+2%3A22-23&version=Authorized 8. Bible, John 14:16–17 (Authorized Version/KJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+14%3A16-17&version=Authorized 9. Bible, John 16:14–15 (Authorized Version/KJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+16%3A14-15&version=Authorized 10. Bible, Romans 1:18–25 (KJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+1%3A18-25&version=KJV 11. Bible, Romans 10:1–4 (KJV, 1900) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+10%3A1-4&version=KJV 12. Bible, Romans 11:25 (KJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+11%3A25&version=KJV 13. Bible, Hebrews 11:6 (KJV, 1900) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+11%3A6&version=KJV 14. Psalm 2; Proverbs; Isaiah (the Son of God and coming child called mighty God and everlasting Father; verses not specified in the presentation). Engage people with respect.

Lesson 068 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.6

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

Does omnipotence mean acting without any relation to character, or does divine power express a consistent nature? This lesson examines the course’s philosophical argument about power, truthfulness and divine promises. It contrasts the cited biblical statements with the presentation’s interpretation of Quran 7:99 and asks what follows for trust and revelation.

Previous: 067 — The Ten Commandments Comparison (6.5). Next: 069 — Responding to the Same-God Claim (6.7). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON

1. Bible, 2 Timothy 2:13 (KJV)

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Timothy+2%3A13&version=KJV

2. Bible, Titus 1:2 (KJV)

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Titus+1%3A2&version=KJV

3. Bible, James 4:12 (KJV)

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+4%3A12&version=KJV

4. Quran, Surah al-A'raf, 7:99 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/7.99

https://quran.com/7/99

Read each source in context and engage people with respect.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

AI-generated narration.

Lesson 067 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.5 Daniel Scot’s Ten Commandments table frames this lesson’s review of agreement, contradiction and divine character; its classifications are the presentation’s interpretations. Previous: 066. Next: 068. Follow the numbered course order. PRESENTATION REFERENCES (Bible translations NKJV unless noted; numbering preserved) 1. Daniel Scot, Window into the Quran (table of the Ten Commandments). 2. Exodus 20:3; Deuteronomy 6:4–5. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A3 3. 1 Corinthians 8:4–6; 1 Timothy 2:5. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+8%3A4-6 4. Quran 112:1–4; 59:22–24; 17:22; 4:171; 16:51 (oneness of God, as script lists). 5. Quran 53:19 (Rodwell footnote); 22:52 (footnotes of Sale and Palmer); 5:116; 4:171; 5:17; 5:71–73 (Trinity). 6. Exodus 20:4–6. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A4-6&version=NKJV 7. Acts 17:29; Romans 1:23; 1 Corinthians 8:4; 1 Corinthians 10:7; 2 Corinthians 6:16. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts+17%3A29 8. Quran 4:48; 4:116; 35:40; 48:6. 9. Quran 4:80; 48:9–10; 3:32; 3:96–97; 5:2; 5:97; 22:26. 10. Exodus 20:7. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A7&version=NKJV 11. Matthew 5:33–37; 6:7–8; James 5:12; Colossians 3:17, 23. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A33-37 12. Quran 2:224; 3:62–63. 13. Quran 66:2. 14. Exodus 20:8–11. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A8-11&version=NKJV 15. Mark 2:27–28; Matthew 11:28; Hebrews 4:1–11. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+2%3A27-28 16. Quran 4:154; 2:65. 17. Quran 16:124; 62:9–11; 43:32. 18. Exodus 20:12. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A12&version=NKJV 19. Matthew 15:4–6; 19:19; Mark 10:19; Ephesians 6:2–3. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+15%3A4-6 20. Quran 17:23–25; 4:36; 2:83; 6:152; 46:15–18. 21. Quran 9:23; 9:123. 22. Exodus 20:13. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A13&version=NKJV 23. Matthew 5:21–22, 43–44; 19:18; Romans 13:9; James 3:9; 1 John 3:12. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A21-22 24. Quran 17:31; 17:33; 5:32; 6:151; 4:29; 4:36; 60:12; 31:18–19. 25. Quran 9:5; 8:39; 8:67; 2:191; 9:29–30; 5:51; 3:28; 60:13; 58:14; 8:12–13; 5:33–34. 26. Exodus 20:14. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A14&version=NKJV 27. Matthew 5:27–28; 1 Corinthians 6:9; 1 Timothy 5:2; Hebrews 13:4. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A27-28 28. Quran 17:32; 24:3–5; 60:12; 16:90; 25:68. 29. Quran 24:33; 4:3; 4:20; 4:24; 70:29–30; 33:37. 30. Exodus 20:15. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A15&version=NKJV 31. Mark 10:19; Matthew 19:18; Luke 18:20; James 5:4; Ephesians 4:28. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark+10%3A19 32. Quran 5:38–39; 17:34–35; 6:152; 60:12. 33. Quran 4:94; 9:120; 48:18–20. 34. Exodus 20:16. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A16&version=NKJV 35. Matthew 5:37; 19:18; Ephesians 4:25; Colossians 3:9. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+5%3A37 36. Quran 45:7; 33:35; 60:12. 37. Quran 3:28; 16:106; 66:2. 38. Exodus 20:17. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A17&version=NKJV 39. Luke 12:15; Romans 7:7; Galatians 5:19–21; Ephesians 5:3, 5; James 3:14–16; 4:1–2, 5; Hebrews 13:5. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+12%3A15 40. Quran 4:32; 4:37; 25:67; 5:42. 41. Quran 48:1–2; 48:19–21; 8:60; 4:94; 33:19–20; 59:2–8. 42. Matthew 28:19; 2 Corinthians 13:14 (Trinity). https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+28%3A19 43. Guillaume trans. of Ibn Ishaq, 1995 ed., pp. 161–167 (esp. 165–166). 44. The History of al-Tabari, Vol. 6, trans. Watt and McDonald, 1998 ed., pp. 105–108. 45. Quran at-Tahrim 66:2 (translation not named in script). https://quranx.com/66.2 https://quran.com/66/2

Lesson 066 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.4

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

This lesson examines four responses to the course’s reading of khayru al-makireen in Quran 3:54: translation, context, different meanings when applied to Allah and changes in word usage over time. It compares related Quranic passages, commentary and historical reports, asking what evidence each explanation requires. Evaluate the linguistic and theological arguments in context.

Previous: 065 — What Does Makr Mean? (6.3). Next: 067 — The God of the Bible, the God of Islam and the Ten Commandments (6.5). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON

1. Quran, Surah al-Araf, 7:99 (Pickthall translation)

https://quranx.com/7.99

https://quran.com/7/99

2. Bible, Hebrews 11:6 (NKJV)

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+11%3A6&version=NKJV

3. Quran, Surah Al Imran, 3:54 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/3.54

https://quran.com/3/54

4. Quran, Surah Ibrahim, 14:4 (Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/14.4

https://quran.com/14/4

5. Quran, Surah al-Anfal, 8:30 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/8.30

https://quran.com/8/30

6. Ibn Kathir, commentary on Surah al-Anfal 8:30

7. Ibn Ishaq, page 222

8. The History of al-Tabari, Volume 6, pages 140 to 144

9. Quran, Surah ar-Rad, 13:42 (Pickthall translation)

https://quranx.com/13.42

https://quran.com/13/42

10. Sunan Abu Dawud, Book 14, Hadith number 2631, narrated by Kab ibn Malik

Read the sources and engage people with respect.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

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