Understanding and Refuting Islam

Lesson 065 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.3 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster What does makr mean, and how does its translation affect the course’s argument about divine trustworthiness? This extended lesson examines Quran 3:54 and 7:99, dictionary usage, reports about promises of paradise, Adam and the Quranic account of Jesus’ crucifixion. Distinguish linguistic evidence, historical reports and the theological conclusions drawn from them. Previous: 064 — The Trinity and Islam (6.2). Next: 066 — Explanations of Khayru al-Makireen in Quran 3:54 (6.4). Follow the numbered lessons in order. REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON 1–2. Bible: John 8:44; Revelation 12:9 (NKJV) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+8%3A44&version=NKJV https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation+12%3A9&version=NKJV 3. Quran 3:54 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/3.54 https://quran.com/3/54 4. Al-Mawrid Arabic-English dictionary, root meem-kaf-ra (m-k-r). 5. Quran 7:99 (Pickthall) https://quranx.com/7.99 https://quran.com/7/99 6. Sunan Abu Dawud, Book 40, Hadith 4631, narrated Said ibn Zayd ibn Amr ibn Nufayl. 7. Sahih al-Bukhari 5/57/23 (USC-MSA: volume/book/hadith) https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-5/Book-57 8–10. Quran 46:8–9; 48:1–2; 110:1–3 (Pickthall) https://quranx.com/46.8 https://quran.com/46/8 https://quranx.com/48.1 https://quran.com/48/1 https://quranx.com/110.1 https://quran.com/110/1 11. Bukhari 5/58/266 (USC-MSA) https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-5/Book-58 12–14. Bukhari 2/23/454, 458, 459 (USC-MSA) https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-2/Book-23 15. The Successors of the Apostle, English version, p. 99; Arabic original, p. 70. 16. The Successors of the Messenger, pp. 131–132. 17. Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Reliance of the Traveller, p. 995, quoting Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi, Usul al-Din, p. 238. 18. Quran 2:81–82 (Khan) https://quranx.com/2.81 https://quran.com/2/81 19. Quran 7:19–27 (Pickthall) https://quranx.com/7.19 https://quran.com/7/19 20–21. Sahih Muslim, Book 37, Hadith 6621, 6622 (USC-MSA) https://sunnah.com/muslim https://sunnah.com/muslim/37 22–23. Quran 4:157; 3:55 (Pickthall) https://quranx.com/4.157 https://quran.com/4/157 https://quranx.com/3.55 https://quran.com/3/55 Hadith source collections: https://sunnah.com/bukhari https://sunnah.com/ Read each passage in context and engage people with respect. Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 064 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.2

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

How does the Quran address the Trinity and divine sonship? This lesson contrasts Christian Trinitarian belief with the Quranic passages cited by the presentation. It examines claims about partners, the identity of Jesus, Mary and the meaning of sonship, and asks whether the Quran represents Christian doctrine accurately. Read the passages in context and evaluate the course’s reasoning.

Previous: 063 — Ten Commandments Reference Table (Table 6.1). Next: 065 — The Course’s Argument About Divine Deception (6.3). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON

1. Quran, Surah an-Nisa, 4:171 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/4.171

https://quran.com/4/171

2. Quran, Surah al-Ma'idah, 5:17 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/5.17

https://quran.com/5/17

3. Quran, Surah al-Ma'idah, 5:70–75 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/5.70

https://quran.com/5/70

4. Quran, Surah al-Ma'idah, 5:116–117 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/5.116

https://quran.com/5/116

5. Quran, Surah al-An'am, 6:101 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/6.101

https://quran.com/6/101

6. Quran, Surah al-Ikhlas, 112:1–4 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/112.1

https://quran.com/112/1

Examine the texts and engage people with respect.

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Lesson 063/145 • Chapter 6 • Table 6.1

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

This reference-table lesson compares the Ten Commandments, New Testament passages and Quranic texts following Daniel Scot’s Window into the Quran. The table’s claimed agreements and contradictions are the course’s interpretations; read every passage in context.

Previous:062(6.1). Next:064—The Trinity Versus Islam’s God(6.2).

ALL PRESENTATION REFERENCES

Daniel Scot,Window into the Quran(table of Ten Commandments).

Row1:Exodus20:3;Deuteronomy6:4–5;1Corinthians8:4–6;1Timothy2:5;Matthew28:19;2Corinthians13:14. Quran112:1–4;59:22–24;17:22;4:171;16:51;53:19;22:52;5:116;5:17,71–73. J.M.Rodwell footnote53:19;G.Sale and E.Palmer footnotes22:52. Guillaume,The Life of Muhammad,1995,pp.161–167,165–166;Watt and McDonald,The History of al-Tabari,vol.VI,1998,pp.105–108.

Row2:Exodus20:4–6;Acts17:29;Romans1:23;1Corinthians8:4;10:7;2Corinthians6:16. Quran4:48,116;35:40;48:6;4:80;48:9–10;3:32(manuscript typo “3:3 32”);3:96–97;5:2,97;22:26. Table also refers to course section on pre-Islamic Arabia.

Row3:Exodus20:7;Matthew5:33–37;6:7–8;James5:12;Colossians3:17,23. Quran2:224;3:62–63;66:2.

Row4:Exodus20:8–11;Mark2:27–28;Matthew11:28;Hebrews4:1–11. Quran4:154;2:65;16:124;62:9–11;43:32.

Row5:Exodus20:12;Matthew15:4–6;19:19;Mark10:19;Ephesians6:2–3. Quran17:23–25;4:36;2:83;6:152;46:15–18;9:23,123.

Row6:Exodus20:13;Matthew5:21–22,43–44;19:18;Romans13:9;James3:9;1John3:12. Quran17:31,33;5:32;6:151;4:29,36;60:12;31:18–19;9:5;8:39,67;2:191;9:29–30;5:51;3:28;60:13;58:14;8:12–13;5:33–34.

Row7:Exodus20:14;Matthew5:27–28;1Corinthians6:9;1Timothy5:2;Hebrews13:4. Quran17:32;24:3–5;60:12;16:90;25:68;24:33;4:3,20,24;70:29–30;33:37.

Row8:Exodus20:15;Mark10:19;Matthew19:18;Luke18:20;James5:4;Ephesians4:28. Quran5:38–39;17:34–35;6:152;60:12;4:94;9:120;48:18–20.

Row9:Exodus20:16;Matthew5:37;19:18;Ephesians4:25;Colossians3:9. Quran45:7;33:35;60:12;3:28;16:106;66:2.

Row10:Exodus20:17;Luke12:15;Romans7:7;Galatians5:19–21;Ephesians5:3,5;James3:14–16;4:1,2,5;Hebrews13:5. Quran4:32,37;25:67;5:42;48:1–2,19–21;8:60;4:94;33:19–20;59:2–8.

Passage lookup:https://www.biblegateway.com/ and https://quranx.com/

Engage people with respect. Free books:https://truthbooster.com/

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Lesson 062 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.1 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster What role does a divine name play in comparing the God of the Bible with Allah in Islam? This lesson examines the biblical name, the distinction between names and titles, and Quranic names and descriptions used in the course’s argument. Compare the cited texts in context and assess the conclusions. Previous: 061 — Same God, or a Different One? (6.0). Next: 063 — Reference Table: The Ten Commandments in the Bible and the Quran. Follow the numbered lessons in order. REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON 1. Bible, Exodus 3:15 (Authorized Version) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+3%3A15&version=Authorized 2. Bible, Exodus 20:5 (Authorized Version) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus+20%3A5&version=Authorized 3. Bible, Isaiah 42:8 (Authorized Version) https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isaiah+42%3A8&version=Authorized 4. Quran 43:77 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/43.77 https://quran.com/43/77 5. Quran 59:23 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/59.23 https://quran.com/59/23 6. Quran 13:16 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/13.16 https://quran.com/13/16 7. Quran 35:43 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/35.43 https://quran.com/35/43 8. Quran 4:90 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/4.90 https://quran.com/4/90 9. Quran 4:142 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/4.142 https://quran.com/4/142 10. Quran 17:99 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/17.99 https://quran.com/17/99 11. Quran 18:6 (Hilali–Khan) https://quranx.com/18.6 https://quran.com/18/6 Read the sources and engage people with respect. Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 061 of 145 • Chapter 6 • Section 6.0

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God? Chapter 6 introduces the course’s comparison through three questions: the divine name, divine character and the reliability of divine claims. This opening lesson explains the argument to be tested in the following sections using the Quran, hadith and biblical texts.

Previous: 060 — Discussing Muhammad’s Example (5.3). Next: 062 — The Name of the God of the Bible and the Name of the God of Islam (6.1). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

SOURCE NOTE

This introductory presentation provides no bibliography or specific inline source citation. Detailed sources appear in the following lessons.

Examine claims carefully and engage people with respect.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

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Lesson 060 of 145 • Chapter 5 • Section 5.3

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

How can the questions raised in Chapter 5 be discussed with a Muslim apologist? This closing lesson presents the course’s argument about applying an example consistently, the proofs attributed to Muhammad and claims about Jewish and Christian Scripture. It leads into Chapter 6’s comparison of Allah and the God of the Bible. Evaluate the reasoning and distinguish historical reports from conclusions.

Content note: historical discussion of suicide and self-harm, used in a critical argument; these actions are not recommendations.

Previous: 059 — Can an Exception Be an Example? (5.2). Next: 061 — Same God, or a Different One? (6.0). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

SOURCE NOTE

The presentation provides no bibliography or inline source citation for this section.

Ask clear questions and engage people with respect.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

AI-generated narration.

Lesson 059 of 145 • Chapter 5 • Section 5.2

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

Can someone be both a universal example and an exception to the rules given to others? This lesson considers the course’s theological objections concerning compilation of the Quran, prophetic privileges, forgiveness and moral perfection. It compares the cited Quranic passages and hadith and asks whether the conclusions follow.

Previous: 058 — Eleven Questions About Muhammad’s Example (5.1). Next: 060 — Discussing Muhammad’s Example with Muslim Apologists (5.3). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON

1. Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 6, Book 61, Hadith 509 (USC-MSA English translation)

https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-6/Book-61

2. Quran, Surah Saba, 34:49–50 (Hilali–Khan translation)

https://quranx.com/34.49

https://quran.com/34/49

3. Quran, Surah al-Ahzab, 33:50 (Noble Quran translation)

https://quranx.com/33.50

https://quran.com/33/50

4. Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 8, Book 75, Hadith 319 (USC-MSA English translation)

https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-8/Book-75

5. Quran, Surah Maryam, 19:19 (Pickthall translation)

https://quranx.com/19.19

https://quran.com/19/19

6. Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 7, Book 65, Hadith 329 (USC-MSA English translation)

https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-7/Book-65

7. Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 6, Hadith 301 (USC-MSA English translation)

https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-1/Book-6

https://sunnah.com/bukhari

Read each source in context and engage people with respect.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

AI-generated narration.

Lesson 058 of 145 • Chapter 5 • Section 5.1 Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster This extended lesson presents eleven challenges to Muhammad as a moral example, examining reports about marriage, race, slavery, revelation, judgment and conduct. These are the course’s arguments; examine each citation in context and distinguish reports, translations and interpretations. Content note: discussion of child marriage, sexual conduct, slavery, violence and suicide. Previous: 057 — A Model to Copy? Next: 059 — Theological Problems with Following Muhammad’s Example (5.2). REFERENCES (numbering follows the presentation; Bukhari = Sahih al-Bukhari, vol/book/hadith; USC-MSA where specified) 1–2. Bukhari vol.5, hadith234,236. 3. Quran65:4(Sher Ali). https://quranx.com/65.4 https://quran.com/65/4 4. Quran33:49(Hilali–Khan). https://quranx.com/33.49 https://quran.com/33/49 5. Bukhari9/87/161(USC-MSA). https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-9/Book-87 6. Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, Guillaume trans.,p.243. 7. al-Tabari, History,vol.2,p.21. 8. Abd El Schafi, Behind the Veil: Unmasking Islam,p.161; attributed to Malik ibn Anas, citing Ibn Hazm,vol.6,part9,p.469. 9–10. Bukhari9/89/256,254(USC-MSA). https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-9/Book-89 11. Quran3:106–107(Pickthall). https://quranx.com/3.106 https://quran.com/3/106 12. Bukhari vol.1,hadith63. 13. Bukhari vol.4,hadith744; also vol.2,122,141. 14. Schafi, Behind the Veil, Mahran account; Ibn Qayyim,pp.115–116; al-Hulya1:369, quoting Ahmad5:222; al-Tabari,History2:216–218. 15. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya,Zad al-Maad,part1,p.160. 16. Quran9:32(Yusuf Ali), as numbered in manuscript. 17. Ibn Ishaq,Sirat Rasul Allah(The Life of Muhammad),Guillaume trans.,p.106. 18. Matthew12:31(NKJV). https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+12%3A31&version=NKJV 19–20. al-Tabari,History,section1155,vol.6,p.76; vol.6,p.111. 21. Quran17:73(Hilali–Khan). https://quranx.com/17.73 https://quran.com/17/73 22. Quran22:52–53(Hilali–Khan). https://quranx.com/22.52 https://quran.com/22/52 23. Quran34:8(Hilali–Khan). https://quranx.com/34.8 https://quran.com/34/8 24. Quran6:93(Rashad). https://quranx.com/6.93 https://quran.com/6/93 25. Quran39:37(Yusuf Ali). https://quranx.com/39.37 https://quran.com/39/37 26. Bukhari vol.7,hadith658; also660. https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-7/Book-67 27. Quran15:39–43(Yusuf Ali). https://quranx.com/15.39 https://quran.com/15/39 28. Bukhari8/82/812(USC-MSA). https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-8/Book-82 29. Bukhari2393, al-Islam database numbering used by manuscript. 30. Quran33:37(Hilali–Khan). https://quranx.com/33.37 https://quran.com/33/37 31. Bukhari7/67/407(USC-MSA). 32. Sunan Ibn Majah,vol.1,p.144,Purification and its Ways,section16,no.315; also313,316. 33. Sam Shamoun,Answering Islam,rebuttal to Abu al-Rub (article title/URL not supplied). 34. Answering Islam article on Zaynab (title/URL not supplied). Hadith collection: https://sunnah.com/bukhari Engage people with respect. Free books and teaching: https://truthbooster.com/ AI-generated narration.

Lesson 057 of 145 • Chapter 5: The Example of Muhammad • Section 5.0

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

What standard does Quran 33:21 set for Muhammad’s example? Chapter 5 opens by explaining how the course will examine the biography and hadith against that standard. This lesson also introduces questions about authenticity, transmitters and the evidence offered when a report is disputed.

Previous: 056 — After Muhammad (4.30). Next: 058 — Eleven Questions About Muhammad’s Example (5.1). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

REFERENCES USED IN THIS LESSON

1. Quran, Surah al-Ahzab, 33:21 (Noble Quran translation)

https://quranx.com/33.21

Read the sources in context, distinguish evidence from interpretation and engage people with respect.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

AI-generated narration.

Lesson 056 of 145 • Chapter 4 • Section 4.30

Understanding and Refuting Islam | Truth Booster

Who led after Muhammad? This closing lesson in Chapter 4 introduces the succession of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, and outlines the Sunni–Shia distinction as presented in the course. It explains why the following chapters focus primarily on Sunni sources and claims.

Previous: 055 — Muhammad’s Death (4.29). Next: 057 — Chapter 5 Introduction: A Model to Copy (5.0). Follow the numbered lessons in order.

SOURCE NOTE

The presentation provides no bibliography or inline source citation for this brief section.

Engage people with respect and evaluate historical claims carefully.

Free Christian books and further teaching: https://truthbooster.com/

AI-generated narration.