Standing is the legal ability to file a lawsuit.

Only those directly involved and affected by an issue have standing.

Article III of the Constitution gives federal courts the right to preside over "cases" and "controversies."

A three-part test must be met for standing: Injury in Fact, Causation (Traceability), and Redressability.

Injury in Fact: The plaintiff must have a concrete and particularized injury.

Causation: There must be a direct link between the defendant's conduct and the plaintiff's injury.

Redressability: The court must be able to remedy the plaintiff's injury.

Individual Standing: Lawsuits for personal harms suffered.

Third-Party Standing: Suing on behalf of someone else under specific conditions.

Organizational Standing: Organizations suing on behalf of their members.

Taxpayer Standing: Limited exceptions for challenging government spending.

Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1992): Mere ideological interest is insufficient for standing.

Massachusetts v. EPA (2007): States can sue with specific harms caused by federal inaction.

Hollingsworth v. Perry (2013): General interest in enforcing a law is insufficient for standing.

Challenges to standing include arguing no real injury, no direct causation, or the case is moot.

Ensure a direct, personal injury when considering a lawsuit.

Show a clear link between the defendant's actions and the harm.

Courts do not hear cases based purely on moral or political beliefs.

Check if an organization can file on your behalf if affected.

Standing ensures courts hear cases where plaintiffs are directly involved and affected by the outcome.

Plaintiffs must demonstrate injury, causation, and redressability.

Understanding standing is crucial for legal action and following high-profile cases.