Adam and Mark move on to medieval philosophy! Beginning with the second half of St. Augustine's life, through Boethius and the great early Muslim and Jewish philosophers, all the way to Maimonides, the duo breaks down the doings of many of the great medieval philosophers. Scattered amongst the discussion are several Star Trek references and discussions of Latin classes. 

Polytheism, monotheism, and trinities, oh my! In this episode, Mark and Adam look at the evolution of Ancient theology as philosophers move away from the polytheism of the Greeks and head into belief in monotheistic prime movers. They also talk for an excessive amount of time about whether or not you can really think about thinking, or if you are really just thinking about nothing when you are only thinking abut thinking thoughts. They also notice a distinct trend towards the basis of Christian beliefs among the ancient philosophers as they wrap up the beginning section of Ancient Philosophy. Next week: Medieval Philosophy!

Mark and Adam continue with Chapter 8 of Anthony Kenny's History of Western Philosophy, which is all about ancient ethics. From the first moralist Democritus to Aristotle to the Stoics, all kinds of different ethical views are discussed. Mark discusses his favorites of Democritus' aphorisms (with Adam throwing in some Norse wisdom), and a discussion of sin and the ultimate goal of life begins and is to be continued next episode. Also, Adam hates the Sceptics. 

Mark is convinced of Adam's beliefs on God's knowledge and humanity's free will! Well, part of it, anyway. And Adam doesn't convince him. St. Augustine does. But it's still a victory! In this episode, Ancient ideas on Soul and Mind are broken down, from Pythagoras to Plato to St. Augustine. The soul's immortality and human free will are also major topics, as well as a story of Mark being chased by a dog and being laughed at by a group of people. 

Mark and Adam discuss different ancient views on metaphysics, from Parmenides to Plato to the Stoics. Metaphysics, or the study of Being, can be clouded in definitions, but it provides a helpful framework for what a being is. Adam also finally finds a chance to reference 60s music, and, as always, mentions his hatred for the Sceptics.

The God discussion continues! In this episode, Mark and Adam look at Aristotle's views on Physics and the Stoic look at causality and determinism. The ongoing discussion of fatalism and infinite knowledge continues in full swing, now framed with more ancient philosophy.

In this episode, Mark and Adam discuss epistemology, or the inquiry into what is knowledge and what is knowable. From pre-Socratic epistemology to Plato to Scepticism, they discuss what the ancient Greeks believed about what is and isn't the truth. The discussion of an infinitely knowledgeable God continues, Tolkien is referenced, and Adam decides that he really hates the Sceptics.

In this episode, Mark and Adam loosely discuss the fourth chapter of Anthony Kenney's "A New History of Western Philosophy." Centered around both the Aristotelian and Stoic views on Logic, they discuss the roots and beginnings of what has became Western logical reasoning. As per usual, there are several Tolkien references and a feature-length side discussion on whether or not free will and an infinitely knowledgeable God can exist.

In this episode, Mark and Adam discuss the second chapter of "A New History of Western Philosophy," Schools of Thought: Aristotle to Augustine. They break down an in-depth look at Aristotle's teachings, look at the philosophies of Stoicism, and touch on the beginnings of St. Augustine's ideas. They also mispronounce Aristotelianism many times and begin arguing about the true hero of "The Lord of the Rings!"

In this episode, Mark and Adam break down the first chapter of Anthony Kenney's "A New History of Western Philosophy." From the founding father of Greek philosophy, Thales of Miletus, to the ego of Heraclitus and the convoluted mess of Plato's "Republic," the beginnings of Greek philosophy are broken down in great detail. As expected, there are more references to Tolkien and linguistics!