Long before Beyoncé, there was Josephine Baker. 

Born Freda Josephine McDonald on today’s date in 1906 in St. Louis, Missouri, at age 15 she talked her way into the chorus line at a local vaudeville theater, and from there headed first to New York at the height of the Harlem Renaissance, and then on Paris and the Folies Bergère. where as a singer and dancer she quickly became a sensation.

By that time Freda Josephine McDonald had reinvented herself as Josephine Baker. She was for Parisians the embodiment of the Jazz Age, the "Black Venus," and the hippest American on the planet. 

She became a naturalized French citizen, married a wealthy French industrialist, and raised her 12 adopted children in France.  In one of her most famous songs, she sang, "I have two loves, my country and Paris", and proved as good as her word when during World War II she aided the French resistance. As she refused to perform for segregated audiences in America, she chose to remain in Europe.

The American composer Valerie Coleman attempted to capture something of the many facets of this remarkable woman and her journey from St. Louis to Paris in a wind quintet entitled “Portraits of Josephine.”

Valerie Coleman (b. 1970) – “Thank you Josephine (J’ai deux amours),” fr Portraits of Josephine (Imani Winds) Koch KIC-7696