In this episode, we unpack the findings of a large survey-based study comparing health and behavior outcomes in over 6,000 dogs across the US and Canada, based on their reproductive status. We explore how traditional spay/neuter, vasectomy, and ovary-sparing spay procedures impact long-term health risks, orthopedic conditions, and behavior. These insights are essential for Vetrehabbers looking to guide owners in making informed decisions and better understand the lifetime effects of these procedures on canine wellbeing.

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