A #publicaddresssystem (PA system) is an electronic system comprising microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers, and related equipment. It increases the apparent volume (loudness) of a human voice, musical instrument, or other acoustic sound source or recorded sound or music.  #PAsystem s are used in any public venue that requires that an announcer, performer, etc. be sufficiently audible at a distance or over a large area. Typical applications include sports stadiums, public transportation vehicles and facilities, and live or recorded music venues and events. A PA system may include multiple microphones or other sound sources, a mixing console to combine and modify multiple sources, and multiple amplifiers and loudspeakers for louder volume or wider distribution.  #PAsystems 

 Simple PA systems are often used in small venues such as school auditoriums, churches, and small bars. PA systems with many speakers are widely used to make announcements in public, institutional and commercial buildings and locations—such as schools, stadiums, and passenger vessels and aircraft. Intercom systems, installed in many buildings, have both speakers throughout a building, and microphones in many rooms so occupants can respond to announcements. PA and Intercom systems are commonly used as part of an emergency communication system.  The term sound reinforcement system generally means a PA system used specifically for live music or other performances.[1] In Britain any PA system is sometimes colloquially referred to as a Tannoy, after the company of that name, now owned by TC Electronic Group, which supplied a great many of the PA systems used previously in Britain.[2]

#DirectProvision 

 (Irish: Soláthar Díreach) is a system of asylum seeker accommodation used in the Republic of Ireland. The system has been criticised by human rights organisations as illegal, inhuman and degrading, while proponents argue that it ensures asylum seekers are housed and cared for, in accordance with international law.   #DirectProvisionCentre The system, operated by the Reception and Integration Agency (RIA) of the Department of Justice and Equality, provides asylum seeker residents with accommodation free of charge and a living allowance.[2] 

#Asylumseekers in Direct Provision are usually entitled to state-funded medical care,[3] and children have full mainstream access to the education system.  Direct Provision was originally introduced as an emergency measure in 1999.[4] In 2002 there were almost 12,000 applications for asylum. At the start of 2014, there were 4,360 people in direct provision, with more than 3,000 people having been in the system for two or more years. At the same time, there were more than 1,600 people who have spent five or more years in direct provision.[5]  There were 5,096 men, women and children, including 801 families, living in the 34 direct provision centres across 17 counties in Ireland by the end of December 2017.[1]

Sovereignty over two relatively large and several smaller separated pieces of territory has been contested between China and India. Aksai Chin is located either in the Indian union territory of Ladakh or the Chinese autonomous region of Xinjiang. It is a virtually uninhabited high-altitude wasteland crossed by the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway. The other disputed territory lies south of the McMahon Line. It was formerly referred to as the North East Frontier Agency, and is now called Arunachal Pradesh. 

The McMahon Line was part of the 1914 Simla Convention between British India and Tibet, without the agreement of China.[1] weki #Indianborderdispute #Indianborder   The 1962 #SinoIndian War was fought in both of these areas. An agreement to resolve the dispute was concluded in 1996, including "confidence-building measures" and a mutually agreed Line of Actual Control. In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[2] amidst a military buildup.[3] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[4] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[5] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a "One India" policy to resolve the border dispute.[6][7]

#Luthier. ... A luthier (/ˈluːtiər/ LOO-ti-ər) is a craftsperson who builds and repairs string instruments that have a neck and a sound box. The word "luthier" is originally French and comes from the French word for lute. #guitarmaintenance  

 #Guitartech  learn their craft either "on the job", by working in a range of music, sound engineering, and instrument repair jobs; by completing a guitar repair program at a college or lutherie school; or from a combination of these two routes. The salaries and conditions of work for guitar techs vary widely, depending on whether a guitar tech is working for a minor or regional touring bar band or a major international touring act.

The #JerrySpringerShow (also known as Jerry Springer) was an American syndicated tabloid talk show that aired from September 30, 1991 to July 26, 2018, hosted by Jerry Springer.[1] It taped at the Rich Forum in Connecticut, also known as the Stamford Media Center[2] and was distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution. The CW now airs reruns and unaired episodes. 

 The #JerrySpringer Show premiered on September 30, 1991. It was taped in Chicago from 1991 to 2009 and in Stamford, Connecticut from 2009 to 2018. On June 13, 2018, NBCUniversal ended production of new episodes of The Jerry Springer Show after 27 seasons. The show taped its final scenes on July 6, 2018, and its final episode aired on July 26, 2018, with reruns continuing on The CW immediately thereafter; The CW retains rights to produce new episodes. After the cancellation, it was announced that Springer would host a new courtroom show titled Judge Jerry, which premiered on September 9, 2019, and is also distributed by NBCUniversal.

#CecilRhodes #mperialism

 is a policy or ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas.[2] Imperialism has been common throughout recorded history, the earliest examples dating from the mid-third millennium BC. In recent times (since at least the 1870s), it has often been considered morally reprehensible and prohibited by international law. As a result, propagandists operating internationally may use the term to denounce an opponent's foreign policy.[3] weki 

 The term can be applied[by whom?] - inter alia - to the colonization of the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries - as opposed to New Imperialism (the expansion of Western Powers and Japan during the late-19th and early-20th centuries). Well-known examples of imperialism include the Nazi occupation of Europe (1939 to 1945), shifting political borders of the USSR (late 1930s to 1991), and Britain's occupation of India (17th to 20th centuries).

" #PhoenixJones is an American real-life superhero. Initially wearing a ski mask to intervene in a public assault, Fodor later developed a full costume and adopted "Phoenix Jones" as a pseudonym.  weki

"The #WaroftheWorlds " is an episode of the American radio drama anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air directed and narrated by actor and future filmmaker Orson Welles as an adaptation of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds.

The War of the Worlds" is an episode of the American radio drama anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air directed and narrated by actor and future filmmaker Orson Welles as an adaptation of H. G. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds (1898). It was performed and broadcast live as a Halloween episode at 8 p.m. on Sunday, October 30, 1938, over the Columbia Broadcasting System radio network. The episode became famous for allegedly causing panic among its listening audience, though the scale of that panic is disputed, as the program had relatively few listeners.[2] The one-hour program began with the theme music for the Mercury Theatre on the Air and an announcement that the evening's show was an adaptation of The War of the Worlds. Orson Welles then read a prologue which was closely based on the opening of H. G. Wells' novel modified slightly to move the story's setting to 1939. For about the next twenty minutes, the broadcast was presented as a typical evening of radio programming being interrupted by a series of news bulletins. The first few news flashes occur during a presentation of "live" music and describe a series of odd explosions observed on Mars, followed by a seemingly unrelated report of an unusual object falling on a farm in Grover's Mill, New Jersey. The musical program returns briefly before being interrupted by a live report from Grover's Mill, where police officials and a crowd of curious onlookers have surrounded the strange cylindrical object that fell from the sky. The situation escalates when Martians emerge from the cylinder and attack using a heat-ray, which the panicked reporter at the scene describes until his audio feed abruptly goes dead. This is followed by a rapid series of increasingly alarming news updates detailing a devastating alien invasion taking place around the world and the futile efforts of the U.S. military to stop it. The first portion of the show climaxes with another live report from a Manhattan rooftop as giant Martian war machines release clouds of poisonous smoke across New York City. The reporter on the scene describes desperate citizens fleeing as the smoke approaches his location until he coughs and falls silent, after which the program took its first break. During the second half of the show, the style shifts to a more conventional radio drama format and follows a survivor (played by Welles) dealing with the aftermath of the invasion and the ongoing Martian occupation of Earth. As in the original novel, the story ends with the discovery that the Martians have been defeated by microbes rather than by humans.

#winstonchurchillstatue  The #Bengalfamine of 1943 was a famine in the Bengal province of British India during World War II. 

An estimated 2.1–3 million,[A] out of a population of 60.3 million, died of starvation, malaria, or other diseases aggravated by malnutrition, population displacement, unsanitary conditions and lack of health care. Millions were impoverished as the crisis overwhelmed large segments of the economy and catastrophically disrupted the social fabric. Eventually, families disintegrated; men sold their small farms and left home to look for work or to join the British Indian Army, and women and children became homeless migrants, often travelling to Calcutta or other large cities in search of organised relief.[8] Historians have frequently characterised the famine as "man-made",  [9] asserting that wartime colonial policies created and then exacerbated the crisis. A minority view holds that the famine arose instead from natural causes.[10]  #winstonchurchill

Throughout his life, #WinstonChurchill made numerous explicit statements on race 

and his views on race contributed to his decisions and actions in British politics. From the late 20th century onwards, these attitudes resulted in a reappraisal of his life achievements and work by both British historians and the public in the context of his being Britain's nationally celebrated wartime leader.[1] #Churchill  weki  Churchill, author of A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, was of the view that British domination, in particular through the British Empire, was a result of social Darwinism.[citation needed] He had a hierarchical perspective of race, believing white people were most superior and black people the least.[citation needed] Churchill advocated against black or indigenous self-rule in Africa, Australia, the Americas and the Caribbean.[citation needed] He held mixed views of West Asian Muslims, calling Afghans and Iraqis "uncivilised tribes", but was highly supportive of Ibn Saud.[citation needed] During an interview in 1902, whilst discussing his views about the Chinese, Churchill stated that the "great barbaric nations" will menace the "civilised nations", and that "[t]he Aryan stock is bound to triumph".[2]  Though wary of communist Jews, Churchill strongly supported Zionism and described Jews as "the most formidable and the most remarkable race",

 whose "first loyalty will always be towards [Jews]".[1][3]  During World War II, he prioritised the stockpiling of food for Europeans over feeding Indian subjects during the Bengal famine of 1943.[4] Churchill held views on the British populace that were eugenic in perspective, and was a proponent of forced sterilisation to preserve "energetic and superior stocks".[5]  Historian John Charmley has argued that Churchill's racialised denigration of Mahatma Gandhi in the early 1930s contributed to fellow British Conservatives' dismissal of his early warnings about the rise of Adolf Hitler. Churchill's comments on Indians in particular were judged by his contemporaries within the Conservative Party to be extreme.[1]  During the George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom in June 2020, a statue of Churchill in Parliament Square was spray-painted with the words "was a racist", raising further public discussion of his views.[6]

#Espresso

  (/ɛˈsprɛsoʊ/ (About this soundlisten), Italian: [esˈprɛsso]) is a coffee-making method of Italian origin, in which a small amount of nearly boiling water is forced under pressure (expressed) through finely-ground coffee beans. Espresso coffee can be made with a wide variety of coffee beans and roast levels. Espresso is generally thicker than coffee brewed by other methods, has a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and has crema on top (a foam with a creamy consistency).[1] As a result of the pressurized brewing process, the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of espresso are very concentrated. The three dispersed phases in espresso are what make this beverage unique. The first dispersed phase is an emulsion of oil droplets. The second phase is suspended solids, while the third is the layer of gas bubbles or foam. The dispersion of very small oil droplets is perceived in the mouth as creamy. This characteristic of espresso contributes to what is known as the body of the beverage. These oil droplets preserve some of the aromatic compounds that are lost to the air in other coffee forms. This preserves the strong coffee flavor present in the espresso.[2] Espresso is also the base for various coffee drinks—including caffè latte, cappuccino, caffè macchiato, caffè mocha, flat white, and caffè Americano.  Espresso has more caffeine per unit volume than most coffee beverages, but because the usual serving size is much smaller, the total caffeine content is less than a mug of standard brewed coffee.[3] The actual caffeine content of any coffee drink varies by size, bean origin, roast method and other factors, but a typical serving of espresso usually contains 120 to 170 milligrams of caffeine, whereas a typical serving of drip coffee usually contains 150 to 200 mg.[4][5][6]