Voice projection is the strength of speaking or singing whereby the voice is used loudly and clearly.

 It is a technique employed to command respect and attention, as when a teacher talks to a class, or simply to be heard clearly, as used by an actor in a theatre.  #Breathtechnique is essential for proper voice projection. Whereas in normal talking one may use air from the top of the lungs, a properly projected voice uses air properly flowing from the expansion of the diaphragm. In good vocal technique, well-balanced respiration is especially important to maintaining vocal projection. The goal is to isolate and relax the muscles controlling the vocal folds, so that they are unimpaired by tension. The external intercostal muscles are used only to enlarge the chest cavity, whilst the counterplay between the diaphragm and abdominal muscles is trained to control airflow.  A way to improve breathing from the diaphragm is to lie on your back on a flat surface. 

Your goal will be to fill your lungs from the bottom causing your stomach (and diaphragm) to rise and fall. To increase resistance put a small amount of weight (such as a book) on your diaphragm and repeat this exercise. Try standing up and seeing if you can continue to breathe from your diaphragm.  Stance is also important. Actors are taught to stand erect with the feet shoulder width apart and the upstage foot (foot farther from the audience, when not facing the audience) slightly forward. This improves balance and breathing.  In singing, voice projection is often equated with resonance, the concentrated pressure through which one produces a focused sound. 

True resonance will produce the greatest amount of projection available to a voice by utilizing all the key resonators found in the vocal cavity. As the sound being produced and these resonators find the same overtones, the sound will begin to spin as it reaches the ideal singer's formant at about 2800 Hz. The size, shape, and hardness of the resonators all factor into the production of these overtones and ultimately determine the projective capacities of the voice.[1] [2] weki  Learn to Sing:  #Breathing Your #diaphragm is a sheet of muscle separating the thoracic cavity, where your heart and lungs are located, from the internal organs in the rest of your body. ... Proper singing requires breath support from the diaphragm, using the muscle to force air from the lungs and through the voice.Oct 11, 2019  How to Sing Using Your Diaphragm: 10 Steps (with Pictures)wikihow

A variety of #guitarpicks A "guitar pick" or "plectrum" is a small piece of hard material generally held between the thumb and first finger of the picking hand and is used to "pick" the strings. Though most classical players pick with a combination of fingernails and fleshy fingertips, the pick is most often used for electric and steel-string acoustic guitars.

 Though today they are mainly plastic, variations do exist, such as bone, wood, steel or tortoise shell. Tortoise shell was the most commonly used material in the early days of pick-making, but as tortoises and turtles became endangered, the practice of using their shells for picks or anything else was banned. Tortoise-shell picks made before the ban are often coveted for a supposedly superior tone and ease of use, and their scarcity has made them valuable.  Picks come in many shapes and sizes. Picks vary from the small jazz pick to the large bass pick. 

The thickness of the pick often determines its use. A thinner pick (between 0.2 and 0.5 mm) is usually used for strumming or rhythm playing, whereas thicker picks (between 0.7 and 1.5+ mm) are usually used for single-note lines or lead playing. The distinctive guitar sound of Billy Gibbons is attributed to using a quarter or peso as a pick. Similarly, Brian May is known to use a sixpence coin as a pick, while noted 1970s and early 1980s session musician David Persons is known for using old credit cards, cut to the correct size, as plectrums.  Thumb picks and finger picks that attach to the finger tips are sometimes employed in finger-picking styles on steel strings. These allow the fingers and thumb to operate independently, whereas a flat pick requires the thumb and one or two fingers to manipulate. 

 Straps A #guitarstrap is a strip of material with an attachment mechanism on each end, made to hold a guitar via the shoulders at an adjustable length. Guitars have varying accommodations for attaching a strap. The most common are strap buttons, also called strap pins, which are flanged steel posts anchored to the guitar with screws. Two strap buttons come pre-attached to virtually all electric guitars, and many steel-string acoustic guitars. Strap buttons are sometimes replaced with "strap locks", which connect the guitar to the strap more securely.  The lower strap button is usually located at the bottom (bridge end) of the body. The upper strap button is usually located near or at the top (neck end) of the body: on the upper body curve, at the tip of the upper "horn" (on a double cutaway), or at the neck joint (heel). Some electrics, especially those with odd-shaped bodies, have one or both strap buttons on the back of the body. Some Steinberger electric guitars, owing to their minimalist and lightweight design, have both strap buttons at the bottom of the body. Rarely, on some acoustics, the upper strap button is located on the headstock. Some acoustic and classical guitars only have a single strap button at the bottom of the body—the other end must be tied onto the headstock, above the nut and below the machine heads. weki

Status Red:  nationwide lockdown as Taoiseach warns people not to underestimate   

Red alert: Country moves towards lockdown as Ireland braces for 'unprecedented' covid19

  All schools, colleges and third level institutions closed  Irish Rail,

 Dublin Bus and Luas confirm they will not operate  Ryanair and Aer Lingus cancel all flights from Ireland   

#COVID19FACTS Taoiseach urges people to pay heed to warning covid 19 poses serious threat to life People should not be on the road today unless it's emergency    A WHATSAPP VOICENOTE being widely shared claiming that Ireland will go into a “ #Status Red ” emergency lockdown on Monday has been dismissed as misinformation that is “unhelpful and irresponsible” amid the current coronavirus outbreak.  A spokesperson for the Defence Forces has told  TheJournal.ie there “is no substance whatsoever” to this message also being shared on social media.  whastapp-defence-forces-debunked-5044990-Mar2020/ #thejournal

#Frequencymodulation synthesis (or FM synthesis)

 is a form of sound synthesis whereby the frequency of a waveform is changed by modulating its frequency with a modulator. The frequency of an oscillator is altered "in accordance with the amplitude of a modulating signal". (Dodge & Jerse 1997, p. 115)  FM synthesis can create both harmonic and inharmonic sounds. To synthesize harmonic sounds, the modulating signal must have a harmonic relationship to the original carrier signal. As the amount of frequency modulation increases, the sound grows progressively complex. Through the use of modulators with frequencies that are non-integer multiples of the carrier signal (i.e. inharmonic), inharmonic bell-like and percussive spectra can be created.  #FMsynthesis using analog oscillators may result in pitch instability. 

However, FM synthesis can also be implemented digitally, which is more stable and became standard practice. Digital FM synthesis (implemented as phase modulation) was the basis of several musical instruments beginning as early as 1974. Yamaha built the first prototype digital synthesizer in 1974, based on FM synthesis,[1] before commercially releasing the Yamaha GS-1 in 1980.[2] The Synclavier I, manufactured by New England Digital Corporation beginning in 1978, included a digital FM synthesizer, using an FM synthesis algorithm licensed from Yamaha.[3] Yamaha's groundbreaking DX7 synthesizer, released in 1983, brought FM to the forefront of synthesis in the mid-1980s.  

FM synthesis had also become the usual setting for games and software until the mid-nineties. Through sound cards like the AdLib and Sound Blaster, IBM PCs popularized Yamaha chips like OPL2 and OPL3. OPNB was used as main basic sound generator board in SNK Neo Geo operated arcades (MVS) and home console (AES). The related OPN2 was used in the Fujitsu FM Towns Marty and Sega Genesis as one of its sound generator chips. Similarly, Sharp X68000 and MSX (Yamaha computer unit) also use #FM -based soundchip, OPM.  An analog (or analogue) synthesizer is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog signals to generate sound electronically.  The earliest analog synthesizers in the 1920s and 1930s, such as the Trautonium, were built with a variety of vacuum-tube (thermionic valve) and electro-mechanical technologies. After the 1960s, analog synthesizers were built using operational amplifier (op-amp) integrated circuits, and used potentiometers (pots, or variable resistors) to adjust the sound parameters. Analog synthesizers also use low-pass filters and high-pass filters to modify the sound. 

While 1960s-era analog synthesizers such as the Moog used a number of independent electronic modules connected by patch cables, later analog synthesizers such as the Minimoog integrated them into single units, eliminating patch cords in favour of integrated signal routing systems.  #synthesizer weki

Taoiseach orders schools, colleges and childcare facilities to close from 6pm this evening to prevent spread of coronavirus 

 THE GOVERNMENT HAS announced that schools across the country are to close to prevent the spread of #Covid-19.  #coronaviruspanicbuying  The decision applies to all schools and third-level institutions, and none will open tomorrow. 

It will also apply to other public facilities. #Irishschools  Furthermore, all museums, galleries and tourism sites will shut. Mass gatherings of over 100 (indoor) and 500 (outdoor) are cancelled. All these measures will take effect from 6pm today until 29 March.  The significant development comes as confirmed cases of the Covid-19 #coronavirus in the Republic of Ireland now stands at 43. 

One person has died from the virus here so far.  The decisions were announced by Taoiseach Leo Varadkar in the United States this morning, who said these measures would help to mitigate the effects of the virus here.  In a follow-up press conference in Dublin, Minister for Health Simon Harris said we have moved to the “delay phase” of the Covid-19 outbreak in Ireland while Tánaiste Simon Coveney admitted it’s an “awful lot to take in” and the “days and weeks ahead will be difficult”.   RELATED READS 12.03.20 'We shouldn't stockpile': 

Ministers Harris and Humphreys warn against coronavirus panic-buying 12.03.20 Schools and colleges to close: Here are the details of the government's announcement today 12.03.20 The Chief Medical Officer on why the government is taking 'unprecedented' coronavirus measures now “Never before has such drastic action been taken in the face of a public health threat,” Coveney said. thejournal/coronavirus-school-clsoure-5039700-Mar2020/

chromatic  scales on single string for #guitar hand #synchronization 

 The #chromaticscale or twelve-tone scale is a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone above or below its adjacent pitches. As a result, in 12-tone equal temperament (the most common temperament in Western music), 

the chromatic scale covers all 12 of the available pitches.  Two hand synchronization simply means your ability to fret and pick each note together at precisely the same moment. Once you have mastered two-hand synchronization, you will be able to play guitar fast without muffled, inarticulate notes or sloppy noises that come from picking the string when it's not being fretted. #handsynchronization

is COVID-19 a bio-weapon with a patented vaccine for population control ?   

After the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (  #COVID-19 ), conspiracy theories and misinformation spread online regarding the origin and scale, and various other aspects of the disease.[1][2] Various social media posts claimed the virus was a #bioweapon with a #patentedvaccine, a population control scheme, or the result of a spy operation.[3][4][5] weki 

 Efforts to combat misinformation  On 2 February, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a "massive infodemic", citing an over-abundance of reported information, accurate and false, about the virus that "makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it.

" The WHO stated that the high demand for timely and trustworthy information has incentivised the creation of a direct WHO 24/7 myth-busting hotline where its communication and social media teams have been monitoring and responding to misinformation through its website and social media pages.[6][7][8]  Facebook, Twitter and Google said they were working with WHO to address "misinformation".[9] In a blogpost, Facebook stated they would remove content flagged by leading global health organizations and local authorities that violate its content policy on misinformation leading to "physical harm".[10] Facebook are also giving free advertising to WHO.[11]  At the end of February, Amazon banned over a million products that wrongly claimed to be able to cure or protect against coronavirus. They also removed tens of thousands of listings for overpriced health products.[12]

 Low-frequency oscillation A low-frequency oscillator (LFO) 

generates an electronic signal, usually below 20 Hz. LFO signals create a periodic control signal or sweep, often used in vibrato, tremolo and other effects. In certain genres of electronic music, the LFO signal can control the cutoff frequency of a VCF to make a rhythmic wah-wah sound, or the signature dubstep wobble bass.   #low-frequencyoscillator #lfo Envelope Main article: Envelope (music)  Schematic of ADSR Envelopes control how sounds change over time.

 They may control parameters such as amplitude (volume), filters (frequencies), or pitch. The most common envelope is the ADSR (attack, decay, sustain, release) envelope:[7]  Attack time is the time taken for initial run-up of level from nil to peak, beginning when the note is triggered. Decay time is the time taken for the subsequent run down from the attack level to the designated sustain level. Sustain level is the level during the main sequence of the sound's duration, until the key is released. Release time is the time taken for the level to decay from the sustain level to zero after the key is released. LFO   #Synthesizers generate sound through various analogue and digital techniques. Early synthesizers were analog hardware based but many modern synthesizers use a combination of DSP software and hardware or else are purely software-based (see softsynth).

 Digital synthesizers often emulate classic analog designs. Sound is controllable by the operator by means of circuits or virtual stages that may include:  Oscillators typically produce waveforms (such as sawtooth, sine, or pulse waves) with different timbres.[7] #Lowfrequencyoscillators (LFOs) produce waveforms used to modulate parameters, such as the pitch of oscillators (producing vibrato).[7] Voltage-controlled filter (VCFs) – "shape" the sound generated by the oscillators in the frequency domain, often under the control of an envelope or LFO. These are essential to subtractive synthesis. Envelope generators – provide envelope modulation to "shape" the volume or harmonic content of the produced note in the time domain with the principal parameters being attack, decay, sustain and release. 

These are used in most forms of synthesis. ADSR control is provided by envelope generators. Voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCAs) control the volume or gain of the audio signal. VCAs can be modulated by other components, such as LFOs and envelopes.[7] After the signal generated by one (or a mix of more) VCOs has been modified by filters and LFOs, and its waveform has been shaped (contoured) by an ADSR envelope generator, it then passes on to one or more voltage-controlled amplifiers (VCAs). A VCA is a preamp that boosts (amplifies) the electronic signal before passing it on to an external or built-in power amplifier, as well as a means to control its amplitude (volume) using an attenuator. The gain of the VCA is affected by a control voltage (CV), coming from an envelope generator, an LFO, the keyboard or some other source.[51] Filter weki

Scientists 'strongly condemn' rumors and conspiracy theories - sciencemag 

 Fake cures and other coronavirus conspiracy theories are ...washingtonpost

  After the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), conspiracy theories and misinformation spread online regarding the origin and scale, and various other aspects of the disease.[1][2] Various social media posts claimed the virus was a bio-weapon with a patented vaccine, a population control scheme, or the result of a spy operation.[3][4][5] weki

  In January 2020, the BBC published an article about coronavirus misinformation, citing two 24 January articles from the The Washington Times which claimed the virus was part of a Chinese biological weapons program, based at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV).[1][13] The Washington Post later published an article debunking the conspiracy theory, citing U.S. experts who explained why the Institute was not suitable for bioweapon research, that most countries had abandoned bioweapons as fruitless, and that there was no evidence that the virus was  genetically engineered.[14]  On 3 March, US Senator Marco Rubio, member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and Committee on Foreign Relations, claimed that "malign actors in Beijing, Moscow, Tehran and elsewhere are exploiting the coronavirus pandemic to sow chaos through conspiracy theories – most heinously, the notion that the United States created the disease".[32] 

He claimed that those states are "waging disinformation warfare over coronavirus".  AN #APPLE EMPLOYEE at the company’s Cork site has been diagnosed with #Covid-19 , the company has said.  Some team members are now being asked to stay at home from the company’s campus which employees over 6,000 people.   There have been 24 cases confirmed in the Republic of Ireland so far, and a further 12 in Northern Ireland.  

Apple said: “One of our employees in Cork has been confirmed to have Covid-19.  “We are closely coordinating with the local health authorities who feel the risk to others is low, and the individual remains in self-isolation.  the jurnal apple-cork- #coronavirus -5039771-Mar2020  Population control scheme According to the BBC, Jordan Sather, a conspiracy theory YouTuber supporting the far-right QAnon conspiracy theory and the anti-vax movement, has falsely claimed the outbreak was a population control scheme created by Pirbright Institute in England, and by former Microsoft CEO Bill Gates.[1][55]  It was reported that multiple social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus was known and that a vaccine was already available. PolitiFact and FactCheck.org noted that no vaccine currently exists for COVID-19. 

The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus.[64][3] The WHO reported as of 5 February 2020 that amid news reports of "breakthrough" drugs being discovered to treat people infected with the virus, there were no known effective treatments;[65] this included antibiotics and herbal remedies not being useful.[66]

ADSR  Schematic of #ADSR 

The most common kind of envelope generator has four stages: attack, decay, sustain, and release (ADSR).[3] #envelopegenerator  Attack is the time taken for initial run-up of level from nil to peak, beginning when the key is pressed. Decay is the time taken for the subsequent run down from the attack level to the designated sustain level. 

Sustain is the level during the main sequence of the sound's duration, until the key is released. Release is the time taken for the level to decay from the sustain level to zero after the key is released.[4] While, attack, decay, and release refer to time, sustain refers to level.[3]  The Hammond Novachord in 1938 uses an early implementation of an ADSR envelope. A seven-position rotary knob set preset ADS parameter for all 72 notes; a pedal controls the release.[1]  

The envelope generator was created by the American engineer Robert Moog in the 1960s. While experimenting with the first Moog synthesizers, composer Herbert Deutsch suggested Moog find a way to articulate the instrument so notes did not simply trigger on and off. Moog wired a doorbell button to the synthesizer and used a capacitor to store and slowly release voltage produced from hitting a key. He refined the design to remove the need to push a separate button with every key press, with two switches on every key: one to produce the control voltage and the other to trigger the envelope generator.[2] 

The envelope generator became a standard feature of synthesizers.[2]  Following discussions with engineer and composer Vladimir Ussachevsky (then head of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center) in 1965, Moog developed a new envelope module whose functions were described in f T1 (attack time), T2 (initial decay time), ESUS (sustain level), and T3 (final decay time). These were later simplified to the modern ADSR form (Attack time, Decay time, Sustain level, Release time) by ARP.[2] In sound and music, an envelope describes how a sound changes over time. It may to relate to elements such as amplitude (volume), filters (frequencies) or pitch.[citation needed] For example, a piano key, when struck and held, creates a near-immediate initial sound which gradually decreases in volume to zero.  

Envelope generators, which allow users to control the different stages of a sound, are common features of synthesizers, samplers, and other electronic musical instruments. The most common form of envelope generator is controlled with four parameters: attack, decay, sustain and release (ADSR). weki