What is Authority?

Authority is a positive quality, recognized and accepted by others. It is not imposed by force, but earned through behavior, presence, posture, confidence in decision-making, and the ability to communicate in a clear, calm, and fair manner.

When a referee conducts the match with authority:
• Athletes perceive the referee as competent, fair, and consistent in applying the rules.
• A climate of mutual respect is established: the referee leads the match without overshadowing the game.
• The referee becomes a facilitator: helping the game flow smoothly, safely, and attractively for the audience.

From a psychological point of view, authority is connected to:
• Positive leadership (being a guide and reference point)
• Emotional control (avoiding impulsive reactions)
• Empathy (understanding athletes’ emotions without being influenced)
• Balance (firmness in decisions, flexibility in communication)



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The volleyball captain is the team’s leader both on and off the court. They represent the team during matches by communicating with the referees and coaches, making sure everyone follows the rules, and helping to maintain a positive atmosphere. Beyond that, a good captain encourages teammates, keeps everyone focused, and helps resolve conflicts when they arise. By setting a strong example through enthusiasm, teamwork, and respect, the captain inspires each player to perform their best and supports the coach’s strategy for success.

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Volleyball regulations focus on player safety and fairness of the game. They govern equipment and clothing, including uniforms and shoes. The goal is to prevent items that could cause injuries or provide an unfair advantage. While there is no exhaustive list of prohibited items, jewelry is generally banned unless it is secured to avoid any risk. Federations strive to establish clear rules to minimize hazards and preserve the integrity of the sport.

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This document provides a set of guidelines for teams participating in volleyball competitions, including rules regarding team composition, authorized staff members, locations and on-court behavior, required equipment, and prohibited items. It also outlines specifications for uniforms and player numbers, as well as procedures for equipment changes.

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In a podcast episode, volleyball regulations are discussed, focusing on equipment and team composition. Topics include official net heights for men and women, standards for volleyballs regarding material and size, and the importance of equipment uniformity. The episode also covers team makeup—including players and staff—access rules during competitions, and the mandatory role of the team captain. Insights are provided with the help of a former international Beach Volleyball referee.

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In this episode, we explore the second part of facilities and equipment in the world of volleyball. We'll discuss the substitution zone, which extends from the attack lines to the scorer's table, and the Libero replacement zone, located in the free zone next to the team benches, limited by the extension of the attack line up to the end line. We'll also delve into the warm-up area, measuring about 3 x 3 meters, and in official competitions, it's positioned in the corners near the benches or behind them if certain conditions are met. We'll talk about the ideal environmental conditions for a match, such as the minimum temperature of 10°C and lighting requirements of at least 300 lux. Finally, we'll analyze in detail the net and posts: from the height and structure of the net, including details on the top and bottom bands, to the side bands and antennae that delimit the crossing space, up to the characteristics of the posts, which must be safe, padded, and correctly positioned to ensure a regular and secure game. Join us to discover all these essential details that contribute to making the game of volleyball so exciting and well-organized.

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In this episode, Chris and Jenny explain the key dimensions and zones of a volleyball court. They cover the standard court size of 18 meters by 9 meters and the free zone, which extends between 3 and 5 meters depending on the competition. Chris and Jenny also dive into the free playing space, which reaches up to 12.5 meters in height for professional matches, along with details about the playing surface and markings, including the attack line, centerline, and service zone. Tune in to learn all about the essential features of a volleyball court for international competitions!


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Join Chris and Jenny as they break down the modern rules of volleyball in this exciting new podcast series. Whether you're a player, coach, or fan, Chris and Jenny will guide you through the ins and outs of today’s game, making even the most complex rules easy to understand. Each episode dives into different aspects of volleyball, from the basics to the nuances of professional play, all explained in a fun, engaging way. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to enhance your knowledge, this podcast is for you!



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