6.24.24

Quick Review #156 - #surgery #surgeon #doctorgallagher #oralsurgery #oralsurgeon #omfs #dentist #dentistry #dental

Types of Shock:

1. Hypovolemic Shock:

• Cause: Significant loss of blood or fluids.

• Examples: Hemorrhage, severe dehydration.

• Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, cold/clammy skin.

2. Cardiogenic Shock:

• Cause: Failure of the heart to pump effectively.

• Examples: Myocardial infarction, severe heart failure.

• Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, distended neck veins, pulmonary edema.

3. Distributive Shock:

3a. Septic Shock:

• Cause: Severe infection leading to systemic inflammation.

• Symptoms: Hypotension, fever, tachycardia, warm/flushed skin early on, then cold/clammy skin.

3b. Anaphylactic Shock:

• Cause: Severe allergic reaction.

• Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, respiratory distress, hives, swelling.

3c. Neurogenic Shock:

• Cause: Spinal cord injury disrupting autonomic pathways.

• Symptoms: Hypotension, bradycardia or normal heart rate, warm/dry skin.

4. Obstructive Shock:

• Cause: Physical obstruction to blood flow.

• Examples: Pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax.

• Symptoms: Hypotension, tachycardia, signs specific to the underlying cause (e.g., distended neck veins in cardiac tamponade).

References:

1. Australia Wide First Aid. (n.d.). First aid for shock. Retrieved from https://lnkd.in/eWZaXdrR

2. American College of Surgeons. (2022). Shock. In Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Student Course Manual (10th ed.). Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons.

3. Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2021). Circulatory Shock and Physiology of Its Treatment. In Textbook of Medical Physiology (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.

4. Vincent, J. L., & De Backer, D. (2013). Circulatory shock. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(18), 1726-1734. https://lnkd.in/epq-CK7n

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