The Financial World Has Changed
I was reminded today of the massive changes that the financial systems have gone through in the past 35 years.
It’s been good for the do it yourself consumers, for the most part, and it’s been really good for Wall Street, but not right away.
When I first started in ’85, we had one quote machine in the office. We didn’t have computers on our desks and everything we did was by hand.
If one of my clients wanted to buy stock, they would call me, I would call the trade desk or go to the quote machine and get the bid and the ask of the stock.
If my client liked the price I would take out my order pad, write down the ticker symbol, how many shares, and if was a market or limit order.
Then I’d call in to the order desk, place the order, and hope it was filled quickly.
When the order was filled, I would get a call, write down the fill information on the order sheet, and call back my client.
Then I’d put all the orders for the day on a ledger and file it away for 3 years.
The cost to buy was generally 3% and the cost to sell was 3%. As you can imagine at those rates there weren’t a lot of trades in an account.
Think about it, if you bought a stock it would have to basically go up 6% before you even started making money. 3% on the front end and 3% on the back.
That could take a good part of the year or even longer depending on how well the market and that stock was doing that year.
A $10,000 trade order would cost 300 bucks to buy and another 300 bucks to sell, assuming you sold it for the same price, it would cost you more if the stock had gone up.
Very costly, right? Or so we thought…..
About 1987, computers began to be more affordable. I remember getting my first one, with a dot matrix printer, I thought I was in the big leagues now.
A year or two later we could subscribe to stock market quotes.
It was really expensive for live real time quotes and you could save some money if they were delayed 20 minutes.
Think about how that is today.
You can get an instant quote from 20 different website all day long for free.
Some brokerage firms will even display a constant stream of the market right to your desktop or device.
Then something interesting happened. The internet came along.
Information was being disseminated quickly and to about anyone who wanted it.
I’m not sure who was first, but the next thing to happen was discount brokerage firms popped up.
The first ones had flat fee trades of 97.00.
I know, that’s crazy to think about now days, but back in the late 80’s that was a bargain.
From that point on it’s gotten cheaper and cheaper.
I remember 10.00 trades, then 7.00, then 5.00 and now with M1 and Robin Hood you can trade for free.
The bid and the asked have narrowed as well.
What does that mean?
When you buy a stock, you pay the asked price and when you sell it you pay the bid.
As an example, suppose you want to buy 100 shares of a stock who’s asked price is 10.00.
Back in the day the bid might be 8.50, meaning if you bought the stock at 10, if you wanted to sell it you’d get 8.50.
Buy at the ask price, sell at the bid.
Another way to remember it is you always buy it at the highest price listed and sell at the lowest price.
The brokerage firm makes the spread.
So, before you made any money, the bid had to go up 1.50, to 10, and then you had to make up for your commission of 3% too.
And then you had to factor in the 3% commission to sell. All told you may lose 10% just between costs and the spread between the bid and ask.
This is why people bought stock and rarely sold it. They held on to it for years if not decades. A lot of investors took delivery of the stock certificates and then put them in a safe.
Costs were so high, and no one day-traded.
Day trading become most popular during the dot com boom when you could trade for pennies.
By the mid 90’s discount brokerage firms were taking over Wall Street, and access to instant information was at your fingertips.
Then brokerage firms offered cheap margin accounts so you could leverage your money and trade all you wanted for a fraction of the cost.
Did it help the investor in the end? Nope.
Few day-traders make money long term.
They get confident in up markets, and then suddenly during a crash their trading system doesn’t seem to work so well.
The long-term investors like Buffett bought a stock in the 1960’s and never sold. They’ve done so much better than day traders.
In fact, that philosophy has made him one of the richest men in the world.
Now Buffet didn’t do it because he couldn’t afford the commissions, he simply realized that if he were to buy great companies, when they are at a bargain price, he could hold onto them forever and do very well.
Most investors don’t have the kind of patience and certainly not the confidence that they picked the right stock.
Brokers don’t get it either, they think in order to be worth their salt, they need to constantly be moving client’s money.
I’d say a good majority of the investors and brokers out there are actually speculators, not investors.
I’d bet most people don’t know what they own or why they own it and what’s a good buy price and what would have to change in order to sell.
Brokers don’t do these kinds of analysis, they ride with the tide and what’s popular, and because of that they rarely, if ever will beat the market or protect your money in a crash.
Most people I see out there hand their money over to mutual funds or advisors and hope the advisors knows what they are doing.
Now that we have instant trading, quote machine on every phone, you can trade all day long for pennies, and never make any money….and often times lose it.
The other thing that has changed is brokerage costs to buy and sell have been essentially eliminated, and now the word on the street is to charge fees.
It’s called “AUM” and it stands for assets under management.
I was listening to an advisor talk about getting as much AUM as possible, that’s how he assures an annual income for himself.
Look, Wall Street wasn’t being generous and charitable to eliminate commissions for stock trades.
It is tremendously more profitable for them to charge fees. Let me show you.
Think about a guy who has 100,000 and back in the 80s buys 5 stocks for 20,000 each.
He pays $3000 to buy those stocks. Then most likely doesn’t sell them for 20 or 30 years.
Using a very crude 9% growth rate, and no dividends so all his equity is stored in the stock price and when he sells, he’ll pay capital gains tax rather than ordinary income tax.
Anyway in 20 years his stocks at 9% grow to $506,400.
If he sold the old fashion way where he pays a whopping commission, he’d get a bit of discount for the size of the trade, but let’s say it’s still 2%.
Cost to sell, $10,128. Total cost to buy and sell $13,128.
He then has a taxable gain of $396,272 (does not include his original 100k investment) and at 15% (plus state taxes) he’d pay roughly 59,440 in taxes and have 336,832 plus his 100,000 for total of 436,832.
The broker makes his commission and all is well.
However, now that brokers charge fees instead of commission, and we think, great we’re finally sticking it to those commissioned brokers. Let’s see how it turns out.
Suppose the broker says, we don’t charge commission, trade all you want, we simply charge a 2% management fee and we’ll trade, watch over, and protect your stocks for you.
Now because there is no commission to trade, chances are the broker will have you trading more often than not.
Rather than doing the research and holding on to one company for 20 years, they have you moving in and out of stocks with the tides, usually over diversifying you money because they don’t know how to buy stocks, they simply oversee the process.
This will often times cause short term gains which are taxed like ordinary income.
So how does this same person fare?
Remember commissioned broker took a total of 5% for both the buy and sell and the buyer held on to the same company for 20 years. It cost just over 10,000 for those trades the old-fashioned way.
In addition, the broker had to wait 20 years to make half of his money.
If the fees were only 2% a year, over the next 20 years instead of his stock portfolio being worth $506,000, it would only be values at 386,000.
A difference of $120,000.
It cost you $120,000 in fees because Wall Street convinced you that fees were better to pay than commissions.
That is $110,000 more than the supposed high commission way, if you paid 10,000 in commissions.
Can you imagine if a broker asked you to choose -
Would you like to pay us 10,000 over the next 20 in commissions?
or over 110,000 in fees?
Duh….
What was interesting is listening to this financial advisor on the radio on Saturday, he was talking like this was a good change for the industry.
He was saying that you can even find advisors who will work for 1%.
Using our same numbers that means instead of paying 10,000 in commission you would pay $94,000 in fees.
Over 900% more in fees and again likely less than average return because they move money around too much.
Oh it was a change a big change since 1985 alright, a big change for the good for wall street, not so good for you.
It reminds me of the story of the couple who went to this very ritzy yacht club and saw all these beautiful yachts.
They asked one of the deck hands, who owns all these yachts. The boy said, oh, these are mostly owned by Wall Street advisors and Walk Street execs.
The man then asked, where are the yachts of their clients?
The boy walked away perplexed….
It seems the clients paid for Wall Street to live pretty well.
Now let me say this, there are advisors who are worth their fee.
They do something unique or better, they protect your money from large downside losses or get you better returns than the market average because they understand investing.
They don’t simply put your money in a “diversified” portfolio and pretend they know what they are doing.
They actually earn the fee because you do better in the long run.
If you are paying an advisor to buy mutual funds or index funds, time to move on and save boatloads of dough!
And don’t get me started on 401k fees, this is pretty much the scam of the century!
Want to hear a real crime in pension funds? The fees can be as much as 6% on portfolios earning 4%.
This is why we have underfunded pensions – Wall Street is charging fees, it’s death by a thousand cuts!
They go upside down every year and no one really cares because at some point they think the govt will bail them out.
If you have a pension, you might want to see if it’s on the list of underfunded pensions. You may not like the long-term results.
Now if there was something good come from all this is that you can do a lot of this yourself.
You can open account learn to invest for nearly nothing. But you have to understand HOW to invest.
You can’t listen to the barber or your co-worker, you’ve got to put in the time!
If all you’re going to do is buy mutual funds or the index, you can get very low-cost funds and do it yourself.
You can easily do that without an advisor. Quit paying fees for nothing….and I can about guess 99% accurately that you’re overpaying for what you’re getting.
There are very few advisors who are worth their fees….
Again, if an advisor can give you better than average returns on the upside or protect losses on the downside, that might be worth paying for.
That means even after fees, you’re going to pocket more than you would have on your own or with other advisers who simply roll the dice and buy you 5 different mutual funds and cross their fingers the market will go up.
Let me end by this.
One of the reasons we do what we do, where we invest into safe, guaranteed investments, and then let the magic of compounding and leverage do the heavy lifting is because we can typically get better than average returns, safely, and so that you can set it and forget it.
The plans we put together have often outperformed Wall Street, with less to no risk, and tax-free, freed up liquidity, better than average income, and you can leave a legacy too.
You don’t need to cause ulcers and anxiety over your money. Keep it safe!
I mean c’mon in this day of technology and easy access to financial markets, banks, and insurance companies, it’s time you put that technology into a plan that will produce for you.
Without fees!
Check it out….
You are welcome to have a strategy session with me, see if it’s a good fit. If not, no worries…
Best part is you won’t pay annual fees, and you likely beat the market too. It’s kind of a win/win.
Well that’s it for this video….
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Take care….