This conversation delves into the complexities of pain perception in horses, exploring how individual differences in personality can influence their behavior and expression of pain. The discussion highlights the importance of accurate pain assessment in veterinary care and the evolutionary factors that shape how horses respond to pain. By comparing pain responses in horses and dogs, the conversation emphasizes the need for a nuanced understanding of equine behavior and welfare. Carrie Ijichi discusses her research on how personality traits influence physiological responses to pain, the importance of measuring stress through various indicators, and the implications of these findings for animal welfare practices. The conversation also highlights the challenges of studying animal behavior and the need for more comprehensive research to improve the understanding of how animals cope with pain and stress.