In part 11 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened at the 7th Ecumenical Council - The 2nd Council of Nicaea. Why did the Byzantines suddenly decide that icons were idolatrous and how far did they go to rid the Church of sacred art? What were the primary arguments between the iconoclasts and the iconodulias? What did the 2nd Council of Nicaea decide that shaped the course of Christianity? And what are some modern iterations of iconoclasm?

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* New Advent: 2nd Council of Nicaea

* Papal Encyclicals Online: 2nd Council of Nicaea

* Video: General Councils 7: Nicaea II (Anglican Source)

* Video: Did the Second Council of Nicaea CONDEMN statues?! w/Dr. Fastiggi

* Video: Council of Nicaea II (Dominican Source)

* Byzantine Empire: Map, History, and Facts

* Episode 127: Gnosticism and the New Testament

* Episode 126: The Three Different Ten Commandments

* Catholic Answers: Relics

* Video: Council of Nicaea II (Dominican Source)

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

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