Justin Hibbard continues our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils with an examination of the Catholic Church’s 12th council - the Fourth Lateran Council. What made this different than the other three Lateran councils that occurred in rapid succession, and why is it considered the most influential council of the Middle Ages and one of the most impactful in Church history?

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* Fourth Lateran Council 1179 A.D. - Papal Encyclicals Online

* Fourth Lateran Council - New Advent

* Video: General Councils 9: Lateran 1-4 - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas

* The Pillar Sunday School: Feast of the Dedication of the Lateran Basilica

* Episode #58 - No Salvation Outside the Church

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870)

* Episode 159: The Great Schism

* Episode 160: The First Lateran Council (1123)

* Episode 161: The Second Lateran Council (1139)

* Episode 162: The Third Lateran Council (1179)

Justin Hibbard continues our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils by explaining the Catholic Church’s 11th council - the Third Lateran Council. How did a 20-year schism made up of 4 antipopes lead to this council, and what reforms did this council seek to implement for both the Church and general society?

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* Third Lateran Council 1179 A.D. - Papal Encyclicals Online

* Third Lateran Council - New Advent

* Video: General Councils 9: Lateran 1-4 - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870)

* Episode 159: The Great Schism

* Episode 160: The First Lateran Council (1123)

* Episode 161: The Second Lateran Council (1139)

In continuation of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard talks about the Second Lateran Council - the Catholic Church’s 10th general council. How did a fake pope prompt this council, and what were the decisions that were made in the three short days of this council’s duration?

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* Second Lateran Council 1123 A.D. - Papal Encyclicals Online

* Second Lateran Council - New Advent

* Second Lateran Council: History & Text - EWTN

* Video: General Councils 9: Lateran 1-4 - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870)

* Episode 159: The Great Schism

* Episode 160: The First Lateran Council (1123)

Justin Hibbard continues our series on the 21 Ecumenical Council with the First Lateran Council - the first general council to occur in the West and the first general council with the Pope as presider (and even in attendance). In this episode you’ll learn about the investiture controversy and the tension between the government and the church that led to a further separation of church and state.

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

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* Follow Justin on Facebook.

SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* First Lateran Council 1123 A.D. - Papal Encyclicals Online

* First Lateran Council - New Advent

* Commentary on the First Lateran Council - Daniel Castellano

* Video: General Councils 9: Lateran 1-4 - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas

* Didactus Papae

* Episode 125 - The Blessing and Curse of Chapter and Verse

* Episode 103 - Kings to Fight Our Battles

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870)

* Episode 159: The Great Schism

Justin Hibbard continues our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils by talking about the major fallout between the Eastern and Western Church in 1054. How did this Great Schism change the trajectory of future ecumenical council? And were the events of 1054 truly earth shattering, or was is this event overblown by historians.

SOCIAL LINKS

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The History of Byzantium: The Great Schism

* Video: General Councils 8: Constantinople IV - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas

* New Advent: The Eastern Schism

* Episode 112: Not All Popes are Saints

* Episode 113: The Great Popes

* Episode 137: The Importance of Grieving for Pope Francis

* Episode 63: Not All Catholics are Roman Catholic

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 158: The Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870)

In continuation of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard talks about the eighth ecumenical council - the fourth council of Constantinople. Learn how this council marked a turning point both in church councils and in church history between the East and the West.

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

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SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* Papal Encyclicals Online: Fourth Council of Constantinople

* New Advent: Fourth Council of Constantinople

* Video: General Councils 8: Constantinople IV - Fr Timothy Matkin - St Francis Dallas (Anglican source)

* Video: Against Photius on the Filioque 1: Scholastic Answers (Catholic source)

* Audio: Bishops - Part 30: The Tumultuous 9th Century Part 1 (Orthodox source)

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

* Episode 157: Reflections on the First Seven Ecumenical Councils

In continuation of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard takes time to reflect on the first seven. These seven are not only recognized by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches but many Protestant groups recognize them as well. In this episode, Justin gives a brief overview of the first seven councils and challenges Orthodox and Protestant claims about these councils.

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

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SOURCES:

* Overtime with Bill Maher: Ben Shapiro, Tim Alberta (HBO)

* Most Evangelicals Believe Some Heresy

* What Does It Mean That the First Seven Church Councils Were Ecumenical? (Reformed Protestant source)

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

* Episode 156: The Second Council of Nicaea (787)

In part 11 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened at the 7th Ecumenical Council - The 2nd Council of Nicaea. Why did the Byzantines suddenly decide that icons were idolatrous and how far did they go to rid the Church of sacred art? What were the primary arguments between the iconoclasts and the iconodulias? What did the 2nd Council of Nicaea decide that shaped the course of Christianity? And what are some modern iterations of iconoclasm?

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

* Follow Justin on Facebook.

SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* New Advent: 2nd Council of Nicaea

* Papal Encyclicals Online: 2nd Council of Nicaea

* Video: General Councils 7: Nicaea II (Anglican Source)

* Video: Did the Second Council of Nicaea CONDEMN statues?! w/Dr. Fastiggi

* Video: Council of Nicaea II (Dominican Source)

* Byzantine Empire: Map, History, and Facts

* Episode 127: Gnosticism and the New Testament

* Episode 126: The Three Different Ten Commandments

* Catholic Answers: Relics

* Video: Council of Nicaea II (Dominican Source)

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The Second Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

* Episode 155: The Third Council of Constantinople (680-681)

In part 10 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses the efforts to appease the monophysites by inventing two heresies: monoenergism and monotheletism. Why were these Christological positions condemned at the Third Council of Constantinople?

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

* Follow Justin on Facebook.

SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* Byzantine Empire: Map, History, and Facts

* The Rise of Islam

* Correspondence between Patriarch Sergius and Pope Honorius

* New Advent: 3rd Council of Constantinople

* Third Council of Constantinople

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The 2nd Council of Constantinople (553)

* Episode 154: War Among the Monotheists

In part 9 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses the pivotal history that occurred over 127 years between The 2nd Council of Constantinople of 553 and the 3rd Council of Constantinople of 680. This episode covers the two major heresies of the day, the Filioque controversy, the war between the Byzantines and the Persians, the Christological gag order, the rise of Islam, and the heresy that led to the Third Council of Constantinople.

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

* Follow Justin on Facebook.

SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* New Advent: Henoticon

* Byzantine Empire: Map, History, and Facts

* Byzantine – Sasanian War of 602–628 DOCUMENTARY

* Orthodoxy Chronicles: The Filioque Controversy - The Orthodox & Catholic Positions

* Prophet Muhammad Explained in 13 Minutes

* St. John of Damascus’ Critique of Islam

* The Rise of Islam

* Episode 113: The Great Popes

* Episode 111: Papal Infallibility

* New Advent: 3rd Council of Constantinople

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

* Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

* Episode 152: The Council of Chalcedon (451)

* Episode 153: The 2nd Council of Constantinople (553)