In part 7 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened at the 4th Ecumenical Council - The Council of Chalcedon. What happened when the theological sheriffs Cyril of Alexandria and John of Antioch died? How did the Second Council of Ephesus almost become the fourth ecumenical council? And what major theological debate did the Council of Chalcedon decide on that is accepted by almost all Christian sects?

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SOURCES:

* Map of the Roman Empire in the 5th Century

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* History of the Popes Podcast (Series on West Meets East - beginning with episode 52)

* The Tome of Pope Leo I

* Episode 113: The Great Popes

* Episode 111: Papal Infallibility

* New Advent: Robber Council of Ephesus

* New Advent: First Council of Chalcedon

* Papal Encyclicals Online: Council of Chalcedon

* Early Christian Schisms - Ephesus, the Robber Council, and Chalcedon - Extra History - Part 4

* Charlie Kirk on Mary as the Solution to Toxic Feminism

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

In part 6 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened at the 3rd council - The Council of Ephesus. Now that Arianism was finally dying out, what was the major debate happening among Churches? How did tensions between the major hubs of Christianity play a role in the theological divisions? And how did the understanding of the Blessed Virgin Mary help settle this Christological debate?

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

SOURCES:

* Map of the Roman Empire in 5th Century

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* History of the Popes Podcast (Series on West Meets East - beginning with episode 52)

* Council of Ephesus | Church Councils Explained (Part 3)

* New Advent: First Council of Ephesus

* Papal Encyclicals Online: Council of Ephesus

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

In part 5 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened at the First Council of Constantinople. What did they accomplish that the Council of Nicaea left incomplete? Which heresies did they address? And why is this council sometimes referred to as an “unecumenical council?”

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

SOURCES:

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

* Map of the Roman Empire Under Constantine

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

* History of the Popes Podcast (Series on the Arian Century - beginning with episode 39)

* First Council of Constantinople | Church Councils Explained (Part 2)

* New Advent: First Council of Constantinople

* Papal Encyclicals Online: First Council of Constantinople

* Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed

In part 4 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened in the aftermath of the Council of Nicaea? Did the Church become unified, or did it devolve into disarray and abandon Nicene Christianity? Why was the 4th century perhaps one of the most pivotal centuries for Christianity? And what led the Church to once again gather for a second council, this time in Constantinople?

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

SOURCES:

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

* Map of the Roman Empire Under Constantine

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* History of the Popes Podcast (Beginning with Episode 27)

* First Council of Nicaea | Church Councils Explained (Part 1)

* First Council of Constantinople | Church Councils Explained (Part 2)

* New Advent: First Council of Nicaea

* Papal Encyclicals Online: First Council of Nicaea

* Original Nicene Creed of 325

In Part 3 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses the first ecumenical council in Church history - the Council of Nicaea. What does Santa Claus have to do with this council? Who attended this council? What did this council decide? And how did this council change the course of history while also failing to be all that effective within the next few decades?

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

SOURCES:

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

* Best St. Nicholas Memes

* The Might be Giants - Istanbul (not Constantinople)

* Map of the Roman Empire Under Constantine

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* History of the Popes Podcast (Beginning with Episode 27)

* First Council of Nicaea | Church Councils Explained (Part 1)

* New Advent: First Council of Nicaea

* Papal Encyclicals Online: First Council of Nicaea

* Original Nicene Creed of 325

* Excursions on the Canons of the Council of Nicaea

In part 2 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses some of the challenges in the early church particularly in the third to early fourth centuries that led to the Council of Nicaea. Why was an ecumenical church council really only possible in the early fourth century? What were some of the key places, people, and events that led to the church desperately needing to meet in order to keep the Church (and the Roman Empire) from splitting apart?

HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST

* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at [email protected].

SOCIAL LINKS

* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

SOURCES:

* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

* History of the Popes Podcast (Beginning with Episode 27)

* First Council of Nicaea | Church Councils Explained (Part 1)

* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

* Church History by Eusebius

* Timeline of the Roman Emperors

* Chi Rho Symbol

* Constantine the Great

* Roman Empire Under Constantine

* Thalia by Arius

Justin Hibbard kicks off our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils with an introduction. What is an ecumenical council? Why aren’t all councils and synods considered ecumenical? Why are these councils called? And how do Catholics consider the outcome of these councils’ decisions?

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SHOW NOTES:

* Episode 11: From Baptist Pastor to Faithful Catholic

* The Journey Home - Justin Hibbard

* Episode 65: From Doctrine to Dogma

* Essential Truths of the Christian Faith by RC Sproul

* Simply Catholic: What is an Ecumenical Council

* Catholic Answers: The Authority of Ecumenical Councils

In this special interview episode of Why Catholic, Justin Hibbard is joined by Katherine Mosco Depfer. Katherine shares how she went from growing up in a Catholic bubble, to abandoning her faith at college, and the radical reversion she experienced as a prodigal daughter. She gives practical advice for Catholic parents as well as Catholic teens.

Interested in having Katherine speak at an event or a retreat, you can email her at [email protected] or find her on Instagram @missmosco.

This episode is also available in video format on YouTube.

Subscribe to Why Catholic? wherever you get your podcasts.

Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

Justin Hibbard concludes our series on the Catholic approach to prayer by addressing the claim made by many Evangelicals: “Religion is man’s way to get to God; Christianity is God’s way to get to man.” Is that true? Is all religious practices Pharisaical and a distraction from a relationship with Jesus? Or does religion actually help us pursue the heart of God?

Subscribe to Why Catholic? wherever you get your podcasts.

Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.

SHOW NOTES:

* Why I Hate Religion but Love Jesus by Jeff Bethke

* Bishop Barron on "Why I Hate Religion, But Love Jesus"

* Fr. Pontifex - Why I Love Religion, And Love Jesus

* Episode 73: Faith Seeking Understanding

* Episode 131: Why Prayer is so Hard

* Episode 135: Intentional Prayer

In continuation on our series on the Catholic Approach to Prayer, Justin Hibbard talks about how Scripture teaches us that prayer is our most powerful weapon. Why do we often neglect prayer for more practical measures, and how can the Christian learn to arm themselves with prayer?

Subscribe to Why Catholic? wherever you get your podcasts.

Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).

Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.

Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.

SHOW NOTES:

* Politico: Supreme Court has voted to overturn abortion rights, draft opinion shows

* Pro-Abortion Protests Held at Catholic Churches All Over the Country | EWTN News Nightly

* Episode 105: The Upside Down Kingdom

* This Present Darkness by Frank Peretti

* The Screwtape Letters by CS Lewis

* Episode 131: Why Prayer is so Hard

* Episode 33: The Trinity: a Blueprint for Marriage