With the recent "approval" of the Pfizer vaccine for 5-11 year olds, many are wondering when the "recommendation" to vaccinate will become a mandate. Do governments have the legal authority to intervene in family decision? If so, under what conditions? One opinion comes from a case out of the Second Circuit in the 1970s. Understanding the limits of the coercive power of government over families will be important if we wish to remain free.