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Toxic parenting refers to the negative parental behavior that inflicts emotional harm upon a child. Children may suffer from low self-esteem and low initiative when growing up in a toxic environment. The traits and attitudes of a child depend on the style of parenting used to raise them. But not all parenting styles are helpful in this aspect, and some can even be toxic and harmful. Wondering if your parent’s actions are toxic?

Credits:

Writer: Julian Heng

Script Editor: Rida Batool & Kelly Soong

VO: Amanda

Animator: Van Val

YouTube Manager: Cindy Cheong

References:

Baumrind, D. (1983). Socialization and instrumentals competence in young children. In W.diamon (Ed.), Social and Personality Development (pp.197-211).New York: W.W. Norton

Butler, C. (2020). 4 Ways to Correct Toxic Parenting. Quick and Dirty Tips. Retrieved 20 February 2020, from www.quickanddirtytips.com/parenting/behavior/4-ways-to-correct-toxic-parenting.

Chavez, H. (2020). 13 Signs of A Toxic Parent That Many People Don’t Realize. Lifehack. Retrieved 20 February 2020, from www.lifehack.org/350678/13-signs-toxic-parent-that-many-people-dont-realize.

Hesari, N., & Hejazi, E. (2011). The Mediating Role of Self Esteem in the Relationship Between the Authoritative Parenting Style and Aggression. Procedia – Social And Behavioral Sciences, 30, 1724-1730.

Jackson, G. (2020). 10 Signs You Have A Toxic Parent. HealthyWay. Retrieved 27 February 2020, from www.healthyway.com/content/signs-you-have-a-toxic-parent/.

Lancer, D. (2020). 12 Clues a Relationship with a Parent Is Toxic. Psychology Today. Retrieved 20 February 2020, from www.psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/toxic-relationships/201808/12-clues-relationship-parent-is-toxic.

Martin, S. (2020). 15 Signs You Have Toxic Parents. Psych Central.com. Retrieved 20 February 2020, from blogs.psychcentral.com/imperfect/2018/07/15-signs-you-have-toxic-parents/.

Thorpe, J. (2020). 9 Signs You Have A Toxic Parent. Bustle. Retrieved 20 February 2020, from www.bustle.com/articles/109435-9-signs-you-have-a-toxic-parent.