En este episodio, resumimos varios artículos científicos sobre espasticidad, en cuanto a conceptualización, neurofisiología, evaluación y tratamiento. Es una forma de actualización anual sobre esta temática tan estudiada en neurociencia. Hablamos sobre nuevos estudios de neuroimagen sobre la espasticidad, consensos sobre evaluación y desarrollos emergentes de tratamientos médicos.

Referencias del episodio:

1. Cho, M. J., Yeo, S. S., Lee, S. J., & Jang, S. H. (2023). Correlation between spasticity and corticospinal/corticoreticular tract status in stroke patients after early stage. Medicine, 102(17), e33604. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000033604 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37115067/).

2. Gal, O., Baude, M., Deltombe, T., Esquenazi, A., Gracies, J. M., Hoskovcova, M., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Rosales, R., Satkunam, L., Wissel, J., Mestre, T., Sánchez-Ferro, Á., Skorvanek, M., Tosin, M. H. S., Jech, R., & members of the MDS Clinical Outcome Assessments Scientific Evaluation Committee and MDS Spasticity Study group (2024). Clinical Outcome Assessments for Spasticity: Review, Critique, and Recommendations. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 10.1002/mds.30062. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.30062 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39629752/).

3. Gracies J. M. (2005). Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. I: Paresis and soft tissue changes. Muscle & nerve, 31(5), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20284 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15714510/).

4. Gracies J. M. (2005). Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. II: Emergence of muscle overactivity. Muscle & nerve, 31(5), 552–571. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20285 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15714511/).

5. Gracies, J. M., Alter, K. E., Biering-Sørensen, B., Dewald, J. P. A., Dressler, D., Esquenazi, A., Franco, J. H., Jech, R., Kaji, R., Jin, L., Lim, E. C. H., Raghavan, P., Rosales, R., Shalash, A. S., Simpson, D. M., Suputtitada, A., Vecchio, M., Wissel, J., & Spasticity Study Group of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (2024). Spastic Paresis: A Treatable Movement Disorder. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 10.1002/mds.30038. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.30038 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39548808/).

6. Guo, X., Wallace, R., Tan, Y., Oetomo, D., Klaic, M., & Crocher, V. (2022). Technology-assisted assessment of spasticity: a systematic review. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 19(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-01115-2 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36494721/).

7. He, J., Luo, A., Yu, J., Qian, C., Liu, D., Hou, M., & Ma, Y. (2023). Quantitative assessment of spasticity: a narrative review of novel approaches and technologies. Frontiers in neurology, 14, 1121323. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1121323 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37475737/).

8. Levin, M. F., Piscitelli, D., & Khayat, J. (2024). Tonic stretch reflex threshold as a measure of disordered motor control and spasticity - A critical review. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 165, 138–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2024.06.019 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39029274/).

9. Li, S., Winston, P., & Mas, M. F. (2024). Spasticity Treatment Beyond Botulinum Toxins. Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America, 35(2), 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.009 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38514226/).

10. Qin, Y., Qiu, S., Liu, X., Xu, S., Wang, X., Guo, X., Tang, Y., & Li, H. (2022). Lesions causing post-stroke spasticity localize to a common brain network. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 14, 1011812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.1011812 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36389077/).

11. Suputtitada, A., Chatromyen, S., Chen, C. P. C., & Simpson, D. M. (2024). Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Modified Scoping Review. Toxins, 16(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020098 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38393176/).

12. Winston, P., Mills, P. B., Reebye, R., & Vincent, D. (2019). Cryoneurotomy as a Percutaneous Mini-invasive Therapy for the Treatment of the Spastic Limb: Case Presentation, Review of the Literature, and Proposed Approach for Use. Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation, 1(3-4), 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2019.100030 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33543059/).