Patient CE's personal recount of case: https://youtu.be/7BpymtR2vpA

Patient CE's  Interview: https://youtu.be/o15HCjtSkug

Chubbyemu video on this case: https://youtu.be/ChPeG19qKUo

Heme Review video version: https://youtu.be/jgDUMNaVqHg

2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is a chemical that is not approved for weight loss in the United States. It is a classic case of efficacy, but without safety in the setting of weight loss. This setting of weight loss can be prone to chemical misuse, further exacerbating understanding in human systems. Christopher is one of 2 - 3 cases documented in literature to have survived an accident with DNP for weight loss. As of 2021, one organization has permission from the US FDA to investigate DNP in some neurodegenerative disorders. These are rare diseases with limited standards of care, therefore extenuating circumstances to find anything that could potentially improve patient outcomes.

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References:

Role of dantrolene in dinitrophenol (DNP) : A continuing question? Am J Emerg Med. 2019 Jun;37(6):1216.e1-1216.e2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30948257/

2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP): a weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity . J Med Toxicol. 2011 Sep;7(3):205-12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21739343/

Ambient temperature and mortality from unintentional . JAMA. 1998 Jun 10;279(22):1795-800. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9628710/

Dinitrophenol as a Medicine. Cells. 2019 Mar; 8(3): 280. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468406/

The Interaction of Highly Active Uncouplers With Mitochondria. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 639 (1981) 225-242.

Beware the yellow slimming pill: fatal 2,4-dinitrophenol. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Apr 4;2016. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27045052/

Dantrolene is not the answer to 2,4-dinitrophenol poisoning: more heated debate. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Dec 19;11(1):e225323. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30573533/

The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on adipose-tissue metabolism. Biochem J. 1969 Feb;111(4):431-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4388239/

The mechanism of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by 2,4-dinitrophenol. J Biol Chem. 1967 Oct 25;242(20):4577-83. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4964808/

MECHANISMS OF DINITROPHENOL TOXICITY. Simon E.W. Biological Reviews. Vol 28. (4). Nov 1953.

Identification and Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0810780

Mitochondrial uncoupling as a target for drug development for the treatment of obesity. Obes Rev. 2001 Nov;2(4):255-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12119996/

LC-MS-MS analysis of 2,4-dinitrophenol and its phase I and II metabolites. J Ana Toxicol. Jan-Feb 2007;31(1):55-61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17389084/

Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Jul;87:213-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2176586/

Texas Woman Charged with Selling Misbranded

https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/press-releases/texas-woman-charged-selling-misbranded-drug