• Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
• Emperor Tai Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty invades the Later Jin, resulting in the destruction of the Later Jin.
• Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia becomes King of Bohemia.
• First recorded lottery in England.
• Arauco War: A Spanish army is defeated by local Mapuche-Huilliches as it tries to cross Bueno River in Southern Chile.
• A powerful earthquake destroys parts of Sicily and Malta.
• The first American life insurance company, the Corporation for Relief of Poor and Distressed Presbyterian Ministers and of the Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of the Presbyterian Ministers (now part of Unum Group), is incorporated in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manipur.
• William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.

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• The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the beginning of his own, the Xin dynasty.
• Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus is appointed by Galba as deputy Roman Emperor.
• Pope Fabian succeeds Anterus to become the twentieth pope of Rome.
• Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo in Sicily for the Normans.
• Philip the Good, the Duke of Burgundy, establishes the Order of the Golden Fleece, the most prestigious, exclusive, and expensive order of chivalry in the world.
• Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.
• Archbishop William Laud is beheaded for treason at the Tower of London.
• American Revolution: Thomas Paine publishes his pamphlet Common Sense.
• The Siege of Dunlap's Station begins near Cincinnati during the Northwest Indian War.
• The first steamboat on the Ohio River or the Mississippi River arrives in New Orleans, 82 days after departing from Pittsburgh.
• American Civil War: Florida becomes the third state to secede from the Union.
• The Metropolitan Railway, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between Paddington and Farringdon, marking the beginning of the London Underground.
• John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
• The first great Texas oil gusher is discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas.
• New York: Automobile Club of America installs signs on major highways.

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• Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain.
• Jin-Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song dynasty.
• The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.
• The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen.
• Ahmad Shah Durrani defeats the Marathas in the Battle of Barari Ghat.
• Connecticut becomes the fifth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• Treaty of Jassy between Russian and Ottoman Empire is signed, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-92.
• Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.
• British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
• Admiral Horatio Lord Nelson receives a state funeral and is interred in St Paul's Cathedral.
• Humphry Davy tests his safety lamp for miners at Hebburn Colliery.
• The Portuguese prince Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese King João VI, beginning the Brazilian independence process.
• The French Academy of Sciences announces the Daguerreotype photography process.
• The 7.9 Mw  Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent).

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• Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying.
• François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, leads his men to capture the fortress protecting the Rock of Monaco, establishing his family as the rulers of Monaco.
• The papal bull Romanus Pontifex awards the Kingdom of Portugal exclusive trade and colonization rights to all of Africa south of Cape Bojador.
• Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII.
• The first Lithuanian-language book, the Catechism of Martynas Mažvydas, is published in Königsberg.
• The premiere of George Frideric Handel's Ariodante takes place at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.
• Second Jacobite rising: Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling.
• George Washington delivers the first State of the Union address in New York City.
• The Dutch Cape Colony in southern Africa becomes the British Cape Colony as a result of the Battle of Blaauwberg.
• Charles Deslondes leads an unsuccessful slave revolt in the North American settlements of St. Charles and St. James, Louisiana.
• War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson leads American forces in victory over the British.

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• Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal.
• French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of England.
• Fire destroys Jamestown, Virginia.
• Galileo Galilei makes his first observation of the four Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa, although he is not able to distinguish the last two until the following day.
• Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon.
• HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin on board, drops anchor off the Chonos Archipelago.
• Thomas Edison makes a kinetoscopic film of someone sneezing. On the same day, his employee, William Kennedy Dickson, receives a patent for motion picture film.
• Montenegrin guerrilla fighters rebel against the planned annexation of Montenegro by Serbia, but fail.
• The New York State Assembly refuses to seat five duly elected Socialist assemblymen.

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• Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eventually lead to the Norman conquest of England.
• Philip of Swabia undergoes a second coronation as King of the Romans.
• Stephen Uroš III is crowned King of Serbia, having defeated his half-brother Stefan Konstantin in battle. His son is crowned "young king" in the same ceremony.
• Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan.
• Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mystras.
• The Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella enter Granada at the conclusion of the Granada War.
• The first European school of higher learning in the Americas, Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, is founded by Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza and Bishop Juan de Zumárraga in Mexico City.
• King Henry VIII of England marries Anne of Cleves.
• The Union of Arras unites the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma (Ottavio Farnese), governor in the name of King Philip II of Spain.
• Arauco War: The first Parliament of Quillín is celebrated, putting a temporary hold on hostilities between Mapuches and Spanish in Chile.
• English Restoration: The Fifth Monarchists unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London, England. The revolt is suppressed after a few days.

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• Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
• Battle of Colmar: The French army beats Brandenburg.
• Louis XV of France survives an assassination attempt by Robert-François Damiens, the last person to be executed in France by drawing and quartering, the traditional form of capital punishment used for regicides.
• American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia, is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold.
• The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated in Paris.
• Kappa Alpha Psi, the world's third oldest and largest black fraternity, is founded at Indiana University.
• The sixth All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Prague Party Conference) opens. In the course of the conference, Vladimir Lenin and his supporters break from the rest of the party to form the Bolshevik movement.
• First Balkan War: The Battle of Lemnos begins; Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it did not venture for the rest of the war.
• The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and minimum daily wage of $5 in salary plus bonuses.
• The German Workers' Party, which would become the Nazi Party, is founded in Munich.
• Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming becomes the first female governor in the United States.

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• Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army.
• English Civil War: The Rump Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial.
• The Netherlands, Great Britain, and France sign the Triple Alliance in an attempt to maintain the Treaty of Utrecht; Britain having signed a preliminary alliance with France on November 28 (November 17, 1716).
• Great Britain declares war on Spain, which meant the entry of Spain into the Seven Years' War.
• The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.
• The New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, is established in Hamburg, Germany.
• Russo-Turkish War (1877-78): Sofia is liberated from Ottoman rule and designated the capital of Liberated Bulgaria.
• The Fabian Society is founded in London, United Kingdom.
• Sino-French War: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing force at Núi Bop in northern Vietnam.
• Utah is admitted as the 45th U.S. state.
• Topsy, an elephant, is electrocuted by the owners of Luna Park, Coney Island. The Edison film company records the film Electrocuting an Elephant of Topsy's death.
• The Scout Association is incorporated throughout the British Empire by royal charter.
• The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russia, Sweden, Germany and France.

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• The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
• Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem.
• By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage.
• Benning Wentworth issues the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont.
• The first issue of Berlingske, Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, is published.
• American General George Washington defeats British General Lord Cornwallis at the Battle of Princeton.
• Captain James Onslow, in the Clio, reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands.
• Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of Liberia.
• American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States.
• Meiji Restoration in Japan: The Tokugawa shogunate is abolished; agents of Satsuma and Chōshū seize power.

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• The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empire.
• Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.
• Reconquista: The Emirate of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, surrenders.
• Trunajaya rebellion: Amangkurat II of Mataram and his bodyguards execute the rebel leader Trunajaya
• American Revolutionary War: American forces under the command of George Washington repulsed a British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek near Trenton, New Jersey.
• Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, North America, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.
• The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.
• Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.
• American statesman and diplomat John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.

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