A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne.
• The White Ship sinks in the English Channel, drowning William Adelin, son and heir of Henry I of England.
• King Minkhaung I becomes king of Ava.
• Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen of England.
• The siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, ends with the Treaty of Granada.
• Portuguese conquest of Goa: Portuguese naval forces under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque, and local mercenaries working for privateer Timoji, seize Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate, resulting in 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule.
• The Cudgel War begins in Finland (at the time part of Sweden), when peasants rebel against the imposition of taxes by the nobility.
• A deadly earthquake rocks Shemakha in the Caucasus, killing 80,000 people.

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• Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal entry, into Constantinople.
• Conrad of Montferrat becomes King of Jerusalem upon his marriage to Isabella I of Jerusalem.
• Gąsawa massacre: At an assembly of Piast dukes at Gąsawa, Polish Prince Leszek the White, Duke Henry the Bearded and others are attacked by assassins while bathing.
• Peter I of Cyprus ascends the throne of Cyprus after his father, Hugh IV of Cyprus, abdicates.
• Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc unsuccessfully besieges La Charité.
• Battle of Solway Moss: An English army defeats a much larger Scottish force near the River Esk in Dumfries and Galloway.
• Abel Tasman becomes the first European to discover the island Van Diemen's Land (later renamed Tasmania).
• The Texas Provincial Government authorizes the creation of a horse-mounted police force called the Texas Rangers (which is now the Texas Ranger Division of the Texas Department of Public Safety).
• Danish troops defeat a Schleswig-Holstein force in the town of Lottorf, Schleswig-Holstein.

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• Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile.
• Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London. He had invaded England in 1497, claiming to be the lost son of King Edward IV of England.
• The Second War of Kappel results in the dissolution of the Protestant alliance in Switzerland.
• John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.
• The start of the 1733 slave insurrection on St. John in what was then the Danish West Indies.
• French and Poles defeat the Spanish at Battle of Tudela.
• American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga begins: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and counter-attack Confederate troops.
• The Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while freeing two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from custody.
• King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina to succeed him.

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• After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
• The first duke of Brittany, Nominoe, defeats the Frankish king Charles the Bald at the Battle of Ballon near Redon.
• Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.
• Spanish navigator Juan Fernández discovers islands now known as the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
• Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launch a pacification campaign against native villages, resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island.
• Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") off the coast of North Carolina. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself.
• Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution.
• In Dumbarton, Scotland, the clipper Cutty Sark is launched.
• The French steamer SS Ville du Havre sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper Loch Earn in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives.
• The Congress of Manastir establishes the Albanian alphabet.
• The China Clipper inaugurates the first commercial transpacific air service, connecting Alameda, California with Manila.

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• Pope Anterus succeeds Pontian as the nineteenth pope. During the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax he is martyred.
• Lý Công Uẩn is enthroned as emperor of Đại Cồ Việt, founding the Lý dynasty.
• Timur of Samarkand captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V of Georgia captive.
• The Danish astronomer Ole Rømer presents the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.
• In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes make the first untethered hot air balloon flight.
• North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th U.S. state.
• American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War.
• Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
• Port Arthur, China, falls to the Japanese, a decisive victory of the First Sino-Japanese War; Japanese troops are accused of massacring the remaining inhabitants.

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• Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor.
• During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels.
• Palermo is conquered by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.
• The Peace of Cremona ends the war between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan, after the victorious Venetian enterprise of military engineering of the Galeas per montes.
• Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho.
• Start of the Battle of Porto Bello between British and Spanish forces during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
• American Revolutionary War: British forces land at the Palisades and then attack Fort Lee. The Continental Army starts to retreat across New Jersey.
• Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio, premieres in Vienna.

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• The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah in Iraq.
• Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island called Borinquen he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed again Puerto Rico).
• The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty, which attempts to resolve some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War.
• The Garinagu arrive at British Honduras (present-day Belize).
• Finnish War: The Convention of Olkijoki in Raahe ends hostilities in Finland.
• Warsaw University is established.
• The second Canadian railway line, the Montreal and Lachine Railroad, is opened.
• American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
• A meteorite lands near the village of Grossliebenthal, southwest of Odessa, Ukraine.
• Serbo-Bulgarian War: Bulgarian victory in the Battle of Slivnitsa solidifies the unification between the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.

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• Genpei War: The Battle of Mizushima takes place off the Japanese coast, where Minamoto no Yoshinaka's invasion force is intercepted and defeated by the Taira clan.
• John Balliol becomes King of Scotland.
• Henry VIII of England concludes the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon.
• Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
• English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason.
• Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification.
• French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy.
• The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C.
• José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.

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• While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne.
• Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca.
• French Revolution: Ninety dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes.
• The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Frederick William III.
• Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Schöngrabern: Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat.
• American Old West: Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.

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• English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre.
• Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland, and his son Edward, are killed.
• Louis VII of France marries Adela of Champagne.
• First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green: The Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.
• Jacobite rising in Scotland: Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.
• American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal.
• James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.
• The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliott Bay to what would become Seattle.
• American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Bull's Gap ends in a Union rout as Confederates under Major General John C. Breckinridge pursue them to Strawberry Plains, Tennessee.
• The 1901 Caister lifeboat disaster.
• Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
• World War I: Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.
• World War I: beginning of the First Battle of Monte Grappa (in Italy known as the "First Battle of the Piave"). The Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces, despite help from the German Alpenkorps and numerical superiority, will fail their offensive against the Italian Army now led by its new chief of staff Armando Diaz.
• World War I: Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

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