A Daily Dose of History: Events on this Day in History

• William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
• The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order. The Poles are defeated but their leaders escape capture.
• After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with Poland and Lithuania.
• The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city.
• The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
• The death of Pope Urban VII, 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, ends the shortest papal reign in history.
• The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.
• The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year-long Siege of Candia.
• The National Assembly of France votes to award full citizenship to Jews.
• The Army of the Three Guarantees triumphantly enters Mexico City, led by Agustín de Iturbide. The following day Mexico is declared independent.

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• Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
• William II is crowned King of England, and reigns until 1100.
• The Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty.
• Friso-Hollandic Wars: Frisians defeat Holland in the Battle of Warns.
• Serbian-Turkish wars: Ottoman Turks fought against a Serbian army at the Battle of Maritsa.
• Francis Drake finishes his circumnavigation of the Earth in Plymouth, England.
• Morean War: The Parthenon in Athens, used as a gunpowder depot by the Ottoman garrison, is partially destroyed after being bombarded during the Siege of the Acropolis by Venetian forces.
• The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange's invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.
• American Revolution: British troops occupy Philadelphia.

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• For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
• In the Battle of Stamford Bridge, Harald Hardrada, the invading King of Norway, is defeated by King Harold II of England.
• England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border.
• Ottoman Emperor Bayezid I defeats a Christian army at the Battle of Nicopolis.
• Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean.
• The Peace of Augsburg is signed by Emperor Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League.
• Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time.
• Unification of Nepal
• American Revolution: Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe.
• American Revolution: Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec sets off.
• The United States Congress passes twelve constitutional amendments: the ten known as the Bill of Rights, the (unratified) Congressional Apportionment Amendment, and the Congressional Compensation Amendment.

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• The Battle of Rowton Heath is a Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles.
• Second Tantrik Coronation of Shivaji.
• Jacobite rising of 1745: Bonnie Prince Charles beats British government army in the Battle of Prestonpans.
• The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act, creating the office of the Attorney General and federal judiciary system and ordering the composition of the Supreme Court.
• A revolutionary committee of notables forms the Provisional Government of Belgium.
• The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom.
• Mexican-American War: General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey.
• The first powered, passenger-carrying airship, the Giffard dirigible, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes.
• Admiral Despointes formally takes possession of New Caledonia in the name of France.
• Gold prices plummet after President Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market.
• The Battle of Shiroyama is a decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion.
• The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy.

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• The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule.
• The Treaty of Basel concludes the Swabian War.
• The Battle of Zutphen is a Spanish victory over the English and Dutch.
• The last hanging of those convicted of witchcraft in the Salem witch trials; others are all eventually released.
• The Tuscarora War begins in present-day North Carolina.
• George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned King and Queen, respectively, of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during the American Revolution.
• The office of United States Postmaster General is established.
• Battle of Rymnik: Alexander Suvorov's Russian and allied army defeats superior Ottoman Empire forces.

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• Emperor Avitus enters Rome with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
• The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
• Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian leader Kaupo the Accursed are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day.
• The Congress of Arras causes Burgundy to switch sides in the Hundred Years' War.
• A Hanoverian army is defeated, in ten minutes, by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart
• American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point.
• French Revolution: The National Convention abolishes the monarchy.
• The crew of schooner Ancud, including John Williams Wilson, takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.
• Second Opium War: An Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao.
• Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
• A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500-600 people.

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• Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
• The Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights.
• Cardinal Robert of Geneva is elected as Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.
• Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on his expedition which ultimately culminated in the first circumnavigation the globe.
• The Dutch town of Grave held by the Spanish, capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army under the command of Maurice of Orange.
• The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, ending the Nine Years' War.
• The finish of the Walking Purchase which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km2) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
• French troops stop an allied invasion of France at the Battle of Valmy.
• The decade-long Ragamuffin War starts when rebels capture Porto Alegre in Brazil.

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• Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
• Siege of Damascus: The Rashidun Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid capture Damascus from the Byzantine Empire.
• Battle of Poitiers: An English army under the command of Edward, the Black Prince defeats a French army and captures King John II.
• End of the Siege of Marienburg: The State of the Teutonic Order repulses the joint Polish—Lithuanian forces.
• Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon during Bacon's Rebellion.
• American Revolutionary War: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga.
• The Continental Congress passes the first United States federal budget.
• George Washington's Farewell Address is printed across America as an open letter to the public.
• Two French shepherd children, Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud, experience a Marian apparition on a mountaintop near La Salette, France, now known as Our Lady of La Salette.
• Annibale de Gasparis discovers the asteroid Massalia from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte.
• American Civil War: Union troops under William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force commanded by Sterling Price.

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• Battle of Kapetron between a combined Byzantine-Georgian army and a Seljuq army.
• Norwegian king Harald Hardrada lands with Tostig Godwinson at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.
• Philip Augustus becomes king of France at the age of fifteen.
• Thirteen Years' War: In the Battle of Chojnice, the Polish army is defeated by the Teutonic knights.
• The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
• French and Indian War: The Articles of Capitulation of Quebec are signed.

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• Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
• The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empire to recover central Anatolia from the Seljuk Turks.
• Thirteen Years' War: A Polish army under Piotr Dunin decisively defeats the Teutonic Order at the Battle of Świecino.
• The Treaty of Bergerac is signed between King Henry III of France and the Huguenots.
• Polish-Ottoman War: The Ottoman Empire defeats the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Battle of Cecora.
• Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
• The Battle of Vilanova is fought between Portugal and Spain during the Portuguese Restoration War.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules", later known as protozoa.
• American Revolutionary War: The Invasion of Canada begins with the Siege of Fort St. Jean.
• The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain.
• The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe.
• The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia.

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