Kia ora ra e hoa ma!

In this episode we cover the Me __ structure. Which is part of the Imperative structures.

Specifically this is the Weak Imperative. Kinda like how "should/must/ought" works in English.

Anyways, I cite Te Wiremu and the example given is:

Me karanga ia, He had better call; let him call.

(Not used in the negative.)

Also, the Me ___ structure is always without the passive suffix.

Ray Harlow says, in his book A Maori Reference Grammar (pg. 53):

"When it is used in passive sentences, the verb remains in its simple form and does not take the passive suffix..."

Kia ora!

Tena koutou e te iwi whanui!

This is the last entry (for now haha) on the Strong Imperative which focuses on the reflexive, basically if the command issued is regarding oneself. Ray Harlow puts it as below in his book A Maori Reference Grammar:

"... An exception to the rule that transitive verbs with object use the passive for commands is found in sentences with a reflexive object, where the patient of the ction is the same person/people as the subject. In this case, the passive suffix is not used and the object is marked with 'i':"

Whakapaipai i a koe! - Make yourself look pretty!

Horoi i a koutou! - Wash yourselves!

I also give further examples which follow the above structure:

Horoi i ou makawe - Wash your hair!

Horoi i ou ringaringa - Wash your hands!

Kia ora!

This is part 3 on the Strong Imperative form. I felt like I struggled a lot to speak on this topic

due to the technical language used from my reference material. Anyways I hope you can

at least understand a bit of what I'm trying to say even if I fumble over it.

I reference Ray Harlow's book A Maori Reference Grammar. The examples he gives are below:

"...for transitive verbs with objects...if the object of a verb is one which would be marked with 'i', then the verb is made passive,

and the 'object' loses the 'i', and is in fact the subject:"

Whakapaingia nga kai! - Bless the food!

Tuhia! - Write(it) - ("Notice that this applies even when the object is only implied (usually expressed by a pronoun such as 'it' or 'them' in English")

Kimihia he tikanga - Look for a way.

Kia ora ano!

This is part 2 of using the Strong Imperative, I source this time from W.Bauer 1982 Aspects of the Grammar of Maori.

"Intransitives have imperatives formed by the verb stem preceded by the imperative particle 'e' if the stem has two vowels or less".

Examples are below (I also forgot to mention the Negative form so it's below for reference.

Affirmative:

E moe - sleep

E tu - stand

E oho - get up / arise

Negative:

Kaua e moe - dont sleep

Kaua e tu - dont stand

Kaua e oho - dont get up / arise

Kia ora! Welcome back.

In this episode we cover the Strong Imperative. Basically giving orders/instruction.

As always this is taken from Te Wiremu.

Imperative: Strong (Mandatory or Precatory)

Karanga! Call!

Kaua e karanga! Do not call!

In this episode I only gave examples which align with the given example by Te Wiremu however

I know that I didn't include examples which take a direct object, basically where you add a whiore,

-hia, -tia, ngia, etc.

Once I get some further examples from Te Wiremu, or other sources, Ray Harlow, Bauer, etc I will cover that.

kia ora!

Kia ora mai ano e ngai taringa!

In this episode I cover the Ana Structure. Te Wiremu labels it as a Narrative Form and

is without any Negative. It only exists in the Affirmative.

My understanding is that it is used often in stories, or just recalling a memory of some sort.

Affirmative: Karanga ana ia, He called.

(Not used in the negative.)

I also offer some insights into how to learn Maori while living abroad.

Kia ora!

Kia ora kia ora!

Nau mai ano ki tenei pahorangi!

This episode covers the use of the "E __" Structure. Per Te Wiremu:

Indefinite: Future

Affirmative: E karanga ia, or Tera ia e karanga, He will call.

Negative: E kore ia e karanga, or Tera ia e kore e karanga, He will not call.

For our Whakatauki, I share a very importance distinction of how the "A" and "O" categories can

drastically affect the meaning of a word. Anyways, our whakatauki is:

To ringa ki te rakau a te pakeha.

Do not say (unless that is what you mean haha) To ringa ki te rakau *o* te pakeha.

Kia ora mai!

Tena tatou!

This episode, I talk on how to use the "I __" Structure.

As always, I tend to source my info from Te Wiremu, no reira,

Indefinite: Past

I karanga ia, He called.

Kihai ia i karanga, He did not call.

Kia ora ra!

Kia ora! This episode I speak on how to use the next phrase in the Indicative set of structures. The Perfect (Completed). As per Te Wiremu:

Perfect (Completed): Past, Present, or Future

Affirmative: Kua karanga ia, He had, has, or will have called.

Negative: Kahore ia kia karanga, He has not, had not, or will not have called.

I often make the mistake of saying *"Kahore ia kua ___". Dont make the same mistake as me haha.

Nga mihi!

Kia ora!

In this episode I talk on E __ ana Structure. This is basically similar to how the Kei te Structure works however

it isn't confined to the present tense.

Imperfect (Continuous) Form but that is a mouthful to say.

Per Te Wiremu, the struture is as follows:

The Affimative: E karanga ana ia, He was, is, or will be calling.

The Negative: Kahore ia e karanga ana, He was not, is not, or will not be calling.

Kia ora mai!