Heraclitus of Ephesus (535-475) was a Greek, pre-Socratic philosopher. Who sought to identify the First Cause for the creation of the world. His central claim is summed up in the phrase Panta Rhei ("life is flux") recognizing the essential, underlying essence of life as change. Nothing in this relative world is permanent. Every single moment, we are becoming.

Why introduce a term by stipulation ? It may simply be convenient; one word may stand for many words in a message. It may advance economy of expression. Mathematician Edward Kasner (1878-1955) introduced a term by stipulation, from there word Google evolved.

Asghar Farhadi deals with morally complex characters. Cinematic world of Farhadi is filled with grace. Where it becomes difficult to draw the line between right and wrong. A HERO is an emotionally melancholic tale, of a man who is trying to escape his unbearable circumstances.

Nina Jablonski is an evolutionary biologist. Her work revolves around human evolution. She often talks about the biology, evolution, social function of human skin. Why humans have varying skin colour ? Is the main question in her interview with the new york times.

Read the full interview:

https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/09/science/09conv.html

Act of letting go is the greatest virtue. When you stick to one kind of places, people, situations; you start growing a "sense of i" with them. This association of ego-self binds humans. Human life ought to be like a river: in a constant flow. I used valuable excerpt from a book "The scarlet letter" by Nathaniel Hawthorne to support my proposition.

Dunya Mikhail is an Iraqi-American poet. Her writing explores the themes of war, exile, loss. She questions authoritarian powers through her work. Her longing and hope for better world is clearly visible in her writings. In her poems you can find Melancholic expressions of a woman, sometimes helpless, sometimes courageous.

Jhumpa Lahiri analysed this painting in her book 'Unaccustomed earth' with minimalist approach. She interpreted this painting as a union between two individuals. This painting works as a connecting link for her characters Sudha and Roger. From unknown to know. From plurality to oneness. keep this painting in front of you while listening to this podcast*.

Vinod Kumar Shukla is a Hindi writer known for his style that often borders on magic-realism. He writes about difficulties of mundane life with so much of grace and love. His work comes out as literary masterpieces. If you haven't read any thing written by Vinod Kumar Shukla, leave everything and order his books.

•Artwork by @artsahu (Instagram)

Maria popova is a Bulgarian, American writer of literary and arts commentary and cultural criticism. She runs a blog called

"The Marginalian" formerly known as Brain Pickings. this blog features her writing on books, and ideas from the arts, philosophy, culture, and other subjects. Do Check out the Marginalian: https://www.themarginalian.org/

Illustration by Jillian Tamaki

Correction Note :- In the second line of this podcast I said "iss expedition ke kuch mahine pehle" that is not correct, I should have said "iss expedition ke kuch Saal pehle" because this incident took place around 1966 and moon landing happen in 1969. it is not confirmed yet this story of old native American man is real or fictional. It is apocryphal, it's been suggested that the gag originated with a line from American TV comedian johnny Carson just after Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in 1969. you can read this article: https://www.historyextra.com/period/a-message-from-earth/