What if we could actually watch an entire brain working in real time — not just its structure, but the flashing signals of each individual cell? In this episode, we dive deep into one of the most impressive breakthroughs in neuroscience and artificial intelligence: Zappy Bench, a groundbreaking collaboration between Google Research, HHMI Janelia, and Harvard.
At the center of this project is the tiny yet astonishingly capable six-day-old zebrafish larva. Despite its size, this creature can learn, remember dangers, and respond to its environment — all with a transparent brain, making it the perfect model for scientific exploration. Using a unique light-sheet microscopy technique and a genetically engineered fluorescent protein called GCAMP, researchers captured the 3D activity of all 71,721 neurons across the whole brain for two continuous hours.
What makes this project truly revolutionary? Instead of merely observing resting states, researchers built a virtual reality environment simulating natural stimuli like flowing water and shifting light patterns. They recorded how the zebrafish’s entire brain responded to these dynamic, lifelike scenarios, capturing behavior and neural activity simultaneously at an unprecedented scale.
Zappy Bench also launches a new frontier: building predictive models of brain activity. Using the data, scientists developed AI models to forecast what the brain’s neurons would do 30 seconds into the future based on previous activity. Surprisingly, spatial relationships between neurons — their physical “neighborhoods” — proved crucial for accurate predictions, revealing that brain function is deeply tied to structure.
But the project doesn’t stop there. The team’s next goal is even more ambitious: to create a complete connectome — a full wiring diagram — for the exact same zebrafish whose brain activity was recorded. Imagine overlaying every neural connection onto a real-time map of every firing neuron. This fusion of structure and function could transform our understanding of how intelligence, decision-making, and learning emerge from biological systems.
This podcast episode is perfect for anyone fascinated by:
• Neuroscience and brain research,
• Artificial intelligence and machine learning,
• Data science innovations,
• The future of understanding consciousness and intelligence.
Tune in to discover:
• How cutting-edge microscopy captures full-brain 3D activity in real time,
• Why predicting neural activity is key to unlocking brain function,
• How tiny zebrafish are helping us explore the roots of intelligence,
• What the future holds as we integrate brain wiring and dynamic activity data.
Zappy Bench is not just a dataset — it’s a powerful new platform for accelerating discoveries about how brains, from simple organisms to humans, truly work.
Join us for this fascinating journey to the frontier of neuroscience and AI!
Read more: https://research.google/blog/improving-brain-models-with-zapbench/