Anglotopia Podcast | Discussing UK British Travel, History, Culture, London, British Slang, and More!

Anglotopia Podcast | Discussing UK British Travel, History, Culture, London, British Slang, and More!

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Anglotopia Podcast | Discussing UK British Travel, History, Culture, London, British Slang, and More! episodes

  • What’s On in London in November 2026 – Bonfires, New Museum, Christmas Lights, and Autumn Joy

    November might be the most underrated month in London's calendar, and this year it has the biggest museum opening in years. The London Museum opens at Smithfield on 28 November after a £500 million rebuild of a derelict Victorian market — free to enter, with galleries in the old crypts and Tube trains visible running through the building. Jonathan also covers the three great traditions that fall inside ten days: Bonfire Night on the 5th, Remembrance Sunday at the Cenotaph on the 8th, and the Lord Mayor's Show on the 14th. Then the city flips the switch on Christmas, with the lights going up on Regent Street, Carnaby Street and Covent Garden, the rinks and markets opening, and Winter Wonderland arriving in Hyde Park. Plus a strong run of new exhibitions led by Van Eyck at the National Gallery, the theatre and panto season, what the weather is actually like, and why low season is the best-value time to go.

    Links

    Everything On This Month

    • London Events Guide — What's On in London — our full, constantly updated events calendar
    • The London Museum

      • A New Chapter for London: The London Museum Opens at Smithfield on 28 November
      • London Museum Opens in Smithfield — event details
      • The Three Great Traditions

        • Bonfire Night in London 2026
        • Alexandra Palace Fireworks and Drone Festival 2026
        • Battersea Park Fireworks 2026
        • Remembrance Sunday at the Cenotaph 2026
        • Lord Mayor's Show 2026
        • The Gunpowder Plot — The Night London Almost Blew Up — the background, if the bonfires leave you curious
        • Christmas Arrives

          • Regent Street Christmas Lights: The Spirits of Christmas
          • Hyde Park Winter Wonderland 2026
          • Christmas at Kew 2026
          • Exhibitions

            • Van Eyck: The Portraits at the National Gallery — all ten surviving portraits in one room
            • Constantinople to Istanbul: One City, Two Empires at the V&A — opens 7 November
            • The Bayeux Tapestry at the British Museum — and the ticket situation
            • If You're Over for Thanksgiving

              • How To Celebrate Thanksgiving in London
              • Takeaways
                1. The London Museum opens at Smithfield on 28 November, and it's free. A £500 million rebuild of a derelict Victorian market, with galleries dug out of the crypts below and Tube trains visible running through the building.
                2. Give the opening a fortnight if you want a calm visit. The 28th and 29th will be heaving. It's also a phased opening — the 1960s Poultry Market building doesn't follow until 2028.
                3. Three great traditions fall inside ten days: Bonfire Night on Thursday the 5th, Remembrance Sunday at the Cenotaph on the 8th, and the Lord Mayor's Show on Saturday the 14th.
                4. Because the 5th is a Thursday, most big bonfire displays shift to that weekend. There's no single central display — the good ones are borough-run, in the big parks, and usually free.
                5. Britain doesn't really start Christmas until Remembrance Sunday has passed. Anything earlier gets tutted at. The lights go up on Regent Street, Carnaby Street and Covent Garden in the first half of the month regardless.
                6. The Trafalgar Square tree is a gift from Norway, a thank-you for British support in the Second World War, and the lights are strung vertically because that's how Norwegians dress a tree. Complaining that it looks sad is insulting a gift.
                7. Van Eyck at the National Gallery is the exhibition of the winter — his surviving portraits brought together in one room for the first time. Book ahead.
                8. The Bayeux Tapestry is effectively sold out. If you don't already hold November tickets you won't see it this month, and the January-to-April release sold out in hours.
                9. Plan outdoor sightseeing for 10am to 3pm. Sunset is about 4:35pm at the start of November and closer to 4pm by the end, and most attractions don't open until 10.
                10. November is officially low season, and it shows. Hotel rates drop, restaurants that are booked solid for months have tables, queues thin out, and you get London without the summer premium.
                11. Soundbites
                  1. On the month itself: "November might be the most underrated month in the whole London calendar. People tend to skip it because they think it's cold, dark and damp, but here's a little secret. November is a month of two halves, and both of them are wonderful."
                  2. On why the darkness is the point: "The darkness is exactly what makes the lights matter."
                  3. On the old museum's fatal flaw: "It was one of those situations where you can see the museum, but you cannot figure out intuitively how to get to it."
                  4. On what Smithfield gave them: "You had this beautiful Victorian and Georgian edifice sitting empty in the center of London, in prime real estate."
                  5. On a rare British infrastructure success: "After years and years of work and actually not much delay — this has pretty much been on schedule, and it's taken as long as everyone thought it would, and they spent as much money as they thought they were going to spend."
                  6. On the Lord Mayor's Show: "Britain doesn't really do parades like we do here in the USA, but this is an example of a parade that they do do, and it's quite ornate and grand."
                  7. On the Trafalgar Square tree: "Every year people complain that the tree looks sad and that the tree isn't nice and that the tree looks funny. Well, you're actually insulting a very moving and important gift from the Norwegian people."
                  8. On missing out on the Bayeux Tapestry: "I was like number two hundred and sixty-six thousand, and I got kicked out of the queue when all the tickets were sold out. So I guess I'm not seeing the Bayeux Tapestry unless I go to Bayeux."
                  9. On London in the gloom: "Gray makes the best pictures. And I feel like London is really London when it's chilly and gray. That's London properly. And it's my favorite time of year in London."
                  10. On the honest verdict: "If you need sunshine, go to a country where there's sunshine. But if you don't need that sunshine and you want culture and you want cozy and you want good food, London in November is it. Just come prepared for the weather."
                  11. Chapters
                    • 00:21 Welcome — November's What's On
                    • 01:07 The Most Underrated Month in London's Calendar
                    • 01:56 THE BIG ONE — The London Museum Opens at Smithfield
                    • 02:06 Wasn't There Already a Museum of London?
                    • 04:31 A £500 Million Transformation
                    • 05:11 Opening Day — November 28th
                    • 05:34 Crypts, Galleries and Tube Trains Through the Museum
                    • 06:53 Free to Enter — and Expect a Packed Opening Weekend
                    • 07:49 The First Exhibition: London's Food Culture
                    • 08:38 BONFIRE NIGHT — Thursday, November 5th
                    • 09:38 Borough Bonfires, and Why the Big Ones Are on the Weekend
                    • 10:43 REMEMBRANCE SUNDAY — November 8th
                    • 11:02 The Cenotaph and the Two-Minute Silence
                    • 11:59 The Red Poppy
                    • 12:21 THE LORD MAYOR'S SHOW — Saturday, November 14th
                    • 12:56 A Tradition Dating Back to 1215
                    • 13:42 CHRISTMAS — London Goes All Out
                    • 14:36 Why Britain Waits for Remembrance Sunday
                    • 15:25 The Carnaby, Regent Street and Covent Garden Switch-Ons
                    • 16:41 THE TRAFALGAR SQUARE TREE — and Norway's Annual Gift
                    • 18:32 Ice Rinks, Markets and Hyde Park Winter Wonderland
                    • 19:49 NEW EXHIBITIONS — Van Eyck at the National Gallery
                    • 20:49 Peggy Guggenheim, Bloomsbury and Constantinople
                    • 23:10 Cosimo I de' Medici and Charlie Mackesy
                    • 24:50 ALREADY RUNNING — The Bayeux Tapestry Ticket Problem
                    • 26:57 Renoir, the French Riviera, Freddie Mercury and Agatha Christie
                    • 29:36 NOW OR NEVER — What Closes This Month
                    • 30:40 THEATRE — Hamlet Hail to the Thief and the Winter's Hot Tickets
                    • 32:33 Book Yourself Into a Panto
                    • 33:12 MUSIC — Jazz Festival, Thanksgiving and a 300th Birthday
                    • 34:40 THE WEATHER — Autumn Continued
                    • 36:46 THE DARK COMES EARLY — Plan for 10 to 3
                    • 38:38 WHAT TO PACK
                    • 39:42 WHY GO IN NOVEMBER — Low Season Value
                    • 40:49 Is November a Good Time to Visit? Yes.
                    • 41:15 Wrap-Up
                    • Video Version
                      43 min
                    • All the Queen’s Men: Elizabeth I and Courtship as Foreign Policy With Historian Sophie Shorland

                      Historian Sophie Shorland returns to the podcast — last time for The Lost Queen, her book on Catherine of Braganza, the forgotten queen who helped bring tea to Britain. This time she has turned her attention to the most famous queen England ever had, and found a story most of us think we already know but really don't. All the Queen's Men takes the endless question that hung over Elizabeth's entire reign — who will marry the Virgin Queen? — and reframes it completely. Not as a love life, but as foreign policy. Courtship as diplomacy; flirtation as statecraft; a single woman keeping every prince in Europe dangling for decades in order to keep her country alive. Sophie's argument is that the domestic picture of Elizabeth — progresses, tilts, flirting with favorites, and the occasional baffling decision that older scholarship put down to the menopause — makes far more sense once you add the geopolitics back in. When she abruptly invites a French suitor over, it's because the relationship with Spain is deteriorating and she would rather not be invaded. Historians usually reach for a chess metaphor; Sophie prefers poker, because in chess you have one opponent, and Elizabeth was playing against every head of state in Europe and sometimes her own subjects too. Along the way: the ambassadorial brawl over whose heraldic heart had the better arrows; why whoever married Elizabeth would effectively have won England, its navy and its wealth without a shot fired; the Earl of Arundel who spent a fortune in bribes while the queen laughed behind her sleeve; Eric of Sweden signing himself "your most loving Eric" and complaining that four years of courtship felt like ten; Ivan the Terrible, already on roughly his seventh wife, cancelling the Anglo-Russian trade relationship in a huff; and the Duke of Alençon — nicknamed her Frog, possibly for his small froggy fingers — with whom Elizabeth exchanged rings in front of witnesses, which under Tudor law meant they were technically married, before paying him a great deal of money to leave the country.

                      Links

                      Sophie Shorland's Books

                      • All the Queen's Men: Power, Ambition, and the Making of Elizabeth I — the US edition, published by Pegasus Books on 27 October 2026
                      • All the Queen's Men at Pegasus Books / Simon & Schuster
                      • All the Queen's Men: The Competition to Marry Elizabeth I — the UK edition, which carries a different subtitle
                      • The Lost Queen: The Surprising Life of Catherine of Braganza — her previous book, and the subject of her first appearance on this podcast
                      • The Lost Queen at Pegasus Books
                      • Sophie Shorland at Simon & Schuster
                      • Anglotopia

                        • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                        • Anglotopia Store
                        • Takeaways
                          1. The gap Sophie found wasn't in the research but in the framing. There is superb scholarship on Elizabeth, but it tends to concentrate on the domestic reign — the progresses, the tilts, the flirtations — and some of her decisions look random or even irrational in that frame. One older strand of scholarship attributed a sudden invitation to a French suitor to the menopause. Add the international context and it resolves instantly: her relationship with Spain was deteriorating and she did not want to be invaded by a great power.
                          2. Her most reliable move was to open a marriage negotiation whenever something went wrong. In 1563 Margaret of Parma, governing the Netherlands, lost patience with English piracy and declared a trade embargo — disastrous for English wool, the country's main export. Elizabeth immediately began courting Margaret's cousin, the Habsburg Archduke Charles of Austria. On its own the courtship looks capricious; with the embargo in view it is obviously repair work.
                          3. Her accession set off something close to a feeding frenzy. Fights broke out in the corridors outside her rooms; courtiers complained of stumbling over ambassadors and envoys. The Danish and Swedish delegations had near-identical emblems — a heart pierced with arrows versus a heart pierced with javelins — and the resulting quarrel became a genuine diplomatic incident requiring the parties to be separated.
                          4. The stakes were that high because marrying Elizabeth meant acquiring England. As a woman, it was assumed her husband would head both household and realm; whoever married her became King of England, with her relegated to second place, and with direct control of the navy, the merchant fleet and the country's wealth. This was not theoretical — England had just been pulled into a French war on Spain's behalf during Mary's marriage to Philip, losing Calais, despite Parliament's efforts to limit his powers.
                          5. Poker beats chess as a metaphor, and Sophie makes the case cheerfully rather than dogmatically. In chess you face one opponent; Elizabeth faced every head of state in Europe and occasionally her own subjects. She played her cards close, to the lasting frustration of even her closest advisors, and she bluffed — especially early on, when the assumption was that an unmarried queen of a militarily humiliated country would be invaded within the year unless she married a great power quickly.
                          6. The serious contenders were the ones we still remember, plus some we don't. Robert Dudley; the French candidates including Alençon; Archduke Charles; and Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark, who made real strategic sense — both Protestant, geographically close, and a combined Anglo-Danish grip on the shipping lanes would have been formidable.
                          7. The long shots are better company. The Earl of Arundel, fabulously rich, spent thousands bribing his way closer to a queen who laughed at him behind her sleeve. Ivan the Terrible, whom most people don't realize was Elizabeth's contemporary, was on roughly his seventh wife. Eric of Sweden wrote for years as "your most loving Eric," complaining that four years of courtship felt like ten — his language so overheated that when the King of Denmark intercepted the letters he was simply baffled. And Adolf of Denmark was briefly a strong contender mainly because he was handsome, which was apparently reason enough to float several candidates.
                          8. The Alençon courtship went further than any other and nearly became real. He was nineteen to her thirty-seven when it began, the youngest of four brothers and correspondingly ambitious, and one of the very few foreign suitors to actually make the trip. By his second visit she was forty-five — her last realistic chance to use the tactic. She promised to marry him before witnesses, he said the same, and they exchanged rings, which under Tudor practice meant they were married: no church service, no signature, just the words before witnesses. Ladies fainted. The Spanish ambassador reported home that this time she was serious. Spain relented, Elizabeth got what she wanted — and then had to extract herself, paying Alençon handsomely to leave and go fight his war in the Netherlands, with Dudley sent to make sure he actually went.
                          9. Jean de Simier, Alençon's envoy, is the episode's great comic discovery. Sent to England partly because he'd just fled France after a duel over his brother's affair with his wife, he flirted outrageously with Elizabeth on his master's behalf, stole her nightcap from her bedchamber to send back to Alençon, was rumored to be having an affair with her, survived assassination attempts, switched to working for Elizabeth after quarrelling with another Frenchman — and when Cecil discovered he had been taking enormous Spanish bribes throughout, Elizabeth was so fond of him that she simply let it go.
                          10. Elizabeth said she would never marry when she was eight, and said it again in her first address to Parliament, declaring she would remain a vestal virgin married to England. With hindsight, Sophie notes, it is baffling that everyone assumed otherwise. The closest we have to her strategy in writing is Walsingham's exasperation from Paris — essentially, I know what you're doing, and stringing the French along will not get you an alliance, it will just make them angry.
                          11. Soundbites
                            1. "It suddenly makes sense why she was inviting a suitor over from France. It's because her relationship with Spain was deteriorating and she wanted, basically, to not be invaded by a great power."
                            2. "Fights were breaking out outside her rooms, in the corridors. The Danes used a heart pierced with arrows, and the Swedes used a heart pierced with javelins — and this was a diplomatic contretemps. There was a big fight. They had to be separated."
                            3. "Here is an opportunity to basically conquer England, a pretty wealthy country, without any bloodshed." — Sophie on why Europe lost its head over Elizabeth's accession.
                            4. "Chess, you only have one opponent — whereas Elizabeth was playing against every head of state, basically, in Europe, and sometimes also her own subjects."
                            5. "He spent thousands and thousands of pounds bribing people trying to get close to her, and she just kind of laughed at him behind her sleeve." — on the Earl of Arundel.
                            6. "He'd only been courting her for four years, but it felt like ten." — Eric of Sweden, whose letters were so florid that the King of Denmark intercepted them and couldn't work out what was going on.
                            7. "She nicknamed him her frog, possibly because he had very small little fingers, like little froggy hands — which is slightly odd to think about."
                            8. "For Tudors it technically meant that they were married. You didn't need a church service, you didn't need to sign anything. All you needed to do was say I will marry you, I will marry you, in front of witnesses, and you're done."
                            9. "At one point the Spanish ambassador is just casually saying: maybe I'll assassinate this Italian spy. No — but actually, people might notice, so probably won't bother. I'll just intercept his letters."
                            10. "Once you've played the card of a marriage, you can't play that card again. Whereas if you just keep promising, you get almost the same benefits — and then you can reuse the same card."
                            11. Chapters
                              • 00:21 Welcome — A Guest Our Listeners Have Met Before
                              • 00:29 Sophie Shorland and The Lost Queen — Catherine of Braganza
                              • 00:40 THE NEW BOOK — All the Queen's Men
                              • 00:58 The Question That Hung Over the Entire Reign
                              • 01:03 Reframed: Not a Love Life, but Foreign Policy
                              • 01:22 From the Forgotten Queen to the Most Famous One
                              • 01:36 "Who Doesn't Want to Write a Book About Elizabeth?"
                              • 01:56 Was Her Reputation Deserved — Or Was She Just Lucky?
                              • 02:23 WHAT WAS MISSING FROM THE LITERATURE
                              • 02:41 The Focus on the Domestic Reign
                              • 02:57 Progresses, Tilts, and Apparently Random Decisions
                              • 03:04 The Menopause Theory
                              • 03:14 Add the Geopolitics and It Makes Sense
                              • 03:29 Not Wanting to Be Invaded by a Great Power
                              • 03:45 COURTSHIP AS FOREIGN POLICY
                              • 03:56 What Changes When You See It That Way
                              • 04:04 "A Bit of a Capricious Flirt" — The Old Characterization
                              • 04:19 The Strategy She Used Well Into Her Forties
                              • 04:35 1563 — MARGARET OF PARMA'S TRADE EMBARGO
                              • 04:49 Disastrous for English Wool
                              • 04:58 So She Courts the Habsburg Archduke Charles
                              • 05:18 Not Prescience, but Pattern
                              • 05:34 "TWENTY SEASONS OF THE BACHELOR AT ONCE"
                              • 05:48 Fights in the Corridors
                              • 06:07 Arrows vs. Javelins — A Diplomatic Contretemps
                              • 06:20 Why It Was Such a Huge Deal in Europe
                              • 06:37 Conquering England Without Bloodshed
                              • 06:44 Stumbling Over Ambassadors and Envoys
                              • 07:00 ENGLAND AS A EUROPEAN SWING STATE
                              • 07:10 Why Marrying Her Meant Winning England
                              • 07:17 Her Husband Would Head the Realm
                              • 07:32 The Navy, the Merchant Fleet, the Wealth
                              • 07:44 The Precedent — Mary, Philip, and the Loss of Calais
                              • 08:06 Parliament Tried to Limit His Powers and Couldn't
                              • 08:11 CHESS OR POKER?
                              • 08:23 One Opponent vs. Every Head of State in Europe
                              • 08:42 Cards Close to the Chest, Even From Her Advisors
                              • 08:59 A Big Fan of the Bluff
                              • 09:08 A Difficult Hand, Early in the Reign
                              • 09:18 The Assumption She'd Be Invaded Unless She Married Fast
                              • 09:27 THE FIELD OF SUITORS
                              • 09:44 The Serious Contenders
                              • 09:59 Frederick of Denmark, and Control of the Shipping Lanes
                              • 10:22 THE LONG SHOTS ARE MORE ENTERTAINING
                              • 10:31 The Earl of Arundel, Bribing His Way Nowhere
                              • 10:48 Ivan the Terrible, Eric the Mad, Adolf of Denmark
                              • 11:14 Candidates Floated Purely for Being Handsome
                              • 11:28 Ivan's Seventh Wife, and a Poor Track Record
                              • 11:47 HOW REAL WERE THEY?
                              • 12:08 Elements of Theatre in All the Courtships
                              • 12:31 Ivan's Competitiveness With Eric and Sweden
                              • 12:40 "Your Most Loving Eric"
                              • 12:56 Letters Intercepted by a Baffled King of Denmark
                              • 13:16 Ivan's Fury, and the Anglo-Russian Trade Rupture
                              • 13:47 Did Elizabeth Ever Enter Them in Good Faith?
                              • 14:02 FROG — The Duke of Alençon
                              • 14:12 Nineteen to Her Thirty-Seven
                              • 14:31 One of the Few Suitors to Actually Come to England
                              • 14:38 Convenient Timing — Spain Deteriorating Over Piracy
                              • 14:55 A Very Theatrical Flirtation
                              • 14:59 Little Froggy Hands
                              • 15:12 Lying Around All Morning in His Crimson Bed
                              • 15:28 By the Second Visit She Was Forty-Five
                              • 15:41 Her Last Chance to Use the Strategy
                              • 15:47 A Spanish Ambassador Who Had Seen It All Before
                              • 15:51 THE RINGS EXCHANGED BEFORE WITNESSES
                              • 15:59 Which, for Tudors, Meant They Were Married
                              • 16:13 Ladies Fainting; Spain Relenting
                              • 16:31 Awkwardly Disentangling Herself
                              • 16:39 Paying Him to Leave and Fight in the Netherlands
                              • 16:45 Dudley Sent to Make Sure He Went
                              • 16:54 Catherine de' Medici Furious With Her Son
                              • 17:10 Twenty-Three, Half Her Age, and Outclassed at Statecraft
                              • 17:25 JEAN DE SIMIER — The Ape
                              • 17:46 Flirting on His Master's Behalf
                              • 18:08 Why He Needed to Leave France in a Hurry
                              • 18:30 Stealing Her Nightcap to Send Back to Alençon
                              • 18:42 Rumors of an Affair
                              • 18:51 Quarrels, Defection, and Spanish Bribes
                              • 19:03 Elizabeth Was So Fond of Him She Let It Go
                              • 19:06 ROBERT DUDLEY
                              • 19:17 Playing the Role a King Would Have Played
                              • 19:33 Greeting the King of Sweden's Brother — And the Awkward Climb Down
                              • 19:55 Pushing for a Spanish Alliance, and Religious Concessions
                              • 20:11 An English Suitor Positioning Himself as a Foreign Prince
                              • 20:22 Offered to Mary Queen of Scots
                              • 20:35 1578 — DUDLEY MARRIES LETTICE KNOLLYS
                              • 20:43 Elizabeth Boxes Her Ears
                              • 20:47 "But One Sun Lights the East"
                              • 20:53 Her Father's Temper, and Real Jealousy
                              • 21:05 Dudley's Difficult Position — He Wanted an Heir
                              • 21:13 The Spooky Resemblance
                              • 21:26 Marrying the Queen's Doppelgänger, Who Is Also Her Cousin
                              • 22:00 THE TACTICS, STEP BY STEP
                              • 22:14 The Ring Exchange as the Peak — By Then Nobody Believed Her
                              • 22:24 Charming Whichever Ambassador She Wanted to Encourage
                              • 22:33 Baron Helfenstein, Boat Trips and Laughing at His Jokes
                              • 22:45 Asking for Portraits, and Descriptions of How Attractive He Was
                              • 23:02 THE MARRIAGE TREATIES
                              • 23:17 The Fleshed-Out Alençon Treaty
                              • 23:23 One Son Would Rule England and France
                              • 23:30 Two Sons, and the Crowns Split
                              • 23:42 Letting Them Be Drawn Up to Signal Seriousness
                              • 23:53 Then Invoking Religion to Withdraw
                              • 24:14 WHAT SINGLENESS BOUGHT ENGLAND
                              • 24:20 Permanent Flexibility; Always Available for an Alliance
                              • 24:30 Henry VIII Used the Same Trick With His Daughters
                              • 24:42 Mary Cottoned On and Lamented She'd Die a Maid
                              • 24:53 "Once You've Played the Card, You Can't Play It Again"
                              • 25:07 HER BODY AS DIPLOMATIC INTELLIGENCE
                              • 25:25 Always Being Looked At, Even as a Delegitimised Princess
                              • 25:42 The Spanish Ambassador Bribing Her Ladies to Inspect Her Sheets
                              • 25:49 How Openly People Discussed the Monarch's Body
                              • 26:04 Royal Autopsies and the Stories That Followed
                              • 26:23 Using It to Her Advantage
                              • 26:33 Called an Old Woman, She Danced Vigorously for the Ambassadors
                              • 26:53 DID SHE EVER DECIDE OUTRIGHT?
                              • 27:06 "I Will Never Marry" — Aged Eight
                              • 27:12 A Vestal Virgin, Married to England
                              • 27:26 Baffling, in Hindsight, That Anyone Assumed Otherwise
                              • 27:41 Walsingham's Exasperation From Paris
                              • 28:08 THE SPANISH ARMADA
                              • 28:28 It Came After Marriage Was Biologically Off the Table
                              • 28:47 Would She Have Opened Negotiations if She'd Been Twenty Years Younger?
                              • 29:00 A Secure French Alliance, and Mary Queen of Scots Beheaded
                              • 29:30 Confident Enough to Keep Antagonizing Spain
                              • 29:33 The English National Pastime
                              • 29:48 THE ARCHIVES
                              • 30:02 Catty, Casual Ambassadorial Reports
                              • 30:23 "Maybe I'll Assassinate This Italian Spy"
                              • 30:47 Cecil Running Rings Around a Naive Spanish Ambassador
                              • 31:10 THE SECRET WORLD
                              • 31:23 Letters, Codes and Messengers Waiting Outside the Door
                              • 31:38 Ambassadors Courting the Queen by Proxy
                              • 31:52 "I'm Sending You a Budget for Some Bribery"
                              • 32:03 Bribery as Entirely Normal
                              • 32:13 A Court Where Secrets Were Nearly Impossible
                              • 32:28 Gossip Written Down Just in Case
                              • 32:46 Did She Prefer the Ambassadors to Their Masters?
                              • 32:58 De Feria, and a Queen Who Respected a Good Plotter
                              • 33:17 BEYOND THE CATE BLANCHETT ELIZABETH
                              • 33:39 What the Films Get Right — Authority, and Commanding Men
                              • 33:57 THE MAKEUP MYTH
                              • 34:06 The Lead and the Rouge Almost Certainly Never Happened
                              • 34:13 Invented by a Jesuit Who Never Saw Her
                              • 34:21 Contemporaries Described a Very Fair Face
                              • 34:29 WHERE TO GO IN ELIZABETH'S FOOTSTEPS
                              • 34:50 Hatfield House — Where She Learned She Was Queen
                              • 35:00 Hever Castle — Anne Boleyn, and Anne of Cleves
                              • 35:15 Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge, Epping Forest
                              • 35:49 The National Portrait Gallery and the Coronation Portrait
                              • 36:10 A Future Elizabethan Travel Episode?
                              • 36:17 RESCUING QUEENS FROM THE MARGINS
                              • 36:30 Diplomacy and Geopolitics as the Connecting Thread
                              • 36:50 Elizabeth Was Educated to Be a Diplomat
                              • 37:10 WHAT'S NEXT
                              • 37:27 The Duke of Anjou Elected King of Poland
                              • 37:34 And the Court Dwarf Who Brokered It
                              • 37:59 Wrap-Up
                              • Video Version
                                40 min
                              • Strictly Jane Austen Episode 6: The King of Bath – Beau Nash – The Man Who Talked an Entire City Into Existence

                                This is part of a special Jane Austen series, sponsored throughout by Strictly Jane Austen.

                                It is one of Jonathan's favorite kinds of story: the man who talks an entire city into existence. Picture him arriving in Bath in the early 1700s — a chancer, a gambler, a womanizer, with no visible income, no rank, no property, and nothing to recommend him but charm, brilliant conversation, gold braid and an unmistakable white hat. Within a few years he has made himself the absolute monarch of the place. He writes the rules. He decides who dances with whom and when the evening ends. He turns a provincial spa town into the most fashionable destination in Britain. His name was Richard Nash, and everyone called him Beau. If you have read Northanger Abbey or Persuasion, you have walked through the world Beau Nash built — the Pump Room, the Lower Rooms, the ceremonies of introduction, the etiquette that governs whether Catherine Morland may even speak to Mr. Tilney. Dr. Moira Rudolf, historian of Georgian and Regency Bath, returns to introduce the man who wrote those rules, and the extraordinary trio who built the city he ruled. Along the way: the small debt and the pair of boots, two plays, a tobacco box and a fiddle Nash left behind at Oxford; the pageant that earned him a knighthood from William III, which he refused; the duel that vacated the post of Master of Ceremonies and handed him the city; the Brussels lace apron he tore from the waist of the Duchess of Queensbury and flung into the back benches, and her entirely good-humored apology; the royal princess told she could not dance after eleven; the fortune Ralph Allen made from reforming the postal service and then made again from the stone under Combe Down; the gravity railway that ran it down the hill with a nervous brakeman on the back; John Wood the Elder's plan to rebuild Bath as ancient Rome, and his death weeks after laying the foundation stone of the Circus; a full walk through a typical Bath day, from the six o'clock bath and the sweating cure to the Pump Room arrivals book and the supper boxes in the pleasure gardens; and the sorry end — a court case over a proto-roulette game called EO that cost Nash the city's trust and left him downsizing into his mistress's house.

                                🎀 OUR SPONSOR: STRICTLY JANE AUSTEN

                                This Jane Austen series is brought to you by Strictly Jane Austen — Bath's most Austentatious travel company.

                                If this episode has put you in the mood to experience the Regency for yourself, there is no better way than stepping into Jane Austen's Bath with an expert guide — and this is an episode that rewards walking the ground. Nash's Bath is still there to be found: the Pump Room, Terrace Walk and Parade Gardens where Harrison's Rooms once stood, the Lower Rooms' riverside setting, Queen Square, the Circus, the Royal Crescent, and the house beside the Theatre Royal with its plaque to Beau Nash.

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                                  Links
                                  • Beau Nash — Bath Preservation Trust — context on the Georgian city
                                  • Theatre Royal Bath — Nash's Sawclose house forms part of the present entrance, and Juliana Popjoy's house with its Beau Nash plaque stands next door
                                  • Prior Park Landscape Garden — National Trust — Ralph Allen's "swagger mansion" above his quarries
                                  • Combe Down Stone Mines — the subterranean quarries Allen bought
                                  • Sham Castle, Bath — the eye-catcher on the hill, visible from Allen's townhouse
                                  • The Circus, Bath — John Wood the Elder laid the foundation stone in 1754 and died weeks later
                                  • Queen Square, Bath — Wood's first major extension beyond the Roman walls, begun 1728
                                  • Pulteney Bridge — Robert Adam's only completed building in Bath, begun 1769
                                  • Nash's Bath, and Austen's

                                    • The Roman Baths & Pump Room — the present Pump Room opened in 1795, built around the remains of the 1706 one
                                    • Thermae Bath Spa — the Cross Bath — one of the baths in use in both Nash's and Austen's day
                                    • The Assembly Rooms, Bath — National Trust — the Upper Rooms, opened 1771, a decade after Nash died
                                    • Sydney Gardens, Bath — the surviving pleasure garden, coming up in the next episode
                                    • Sally Lunn's — reputedly trading in both Nash's and Austen's day
                                    • The Jane Austen Centre, Bath
                                    • Visit Bath — for Milsom Street, Terrace Walk, Great Pulteney Street and the rest
                                    • Previous Episodes in This Series

                                      • Robert Morrison on The Regency Years
                                      • Dr. Moira Rudolf on scandal, duels and quack cures in Georgian Bath
                                      • Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm on Austen's filming locations
                                      • Theresa Roche on the people who made Jane Austen
                                      • Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm on America's love affair with Jane Austen
                                      • Anglotopia

                                        • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                        • Anglotopia Store
                                        • Takeaways
                                          1. Nash had every reason to amount to nothing. Born in Swansea in 1674 to a partner in a glassmaking firm and the daughter of a royalist soldier, schooled in Carmarthen, sent to Jesus College, Oxford to read law — and he left in 1692 without a degree, having abandoned a small debt and, by way of compensation, a pair of boots, two plays, a tobacco box and a fiddle. He did have the presence of mind to draw his allowance first.
                                          2. Oxford failed, the army failed, the law failed. His father bought him an army commission and he hated the regimented life; he enrolled at London's Middle Temple and developed his real niche instead — man about town. His fellow students concluded he must be a pirate or a privateer, since he plainly had no means of support, and he seems to have gone hungry to keep himself in gaudy clothes.
                                          3. He was offered a knighthood and turned it down. In 1695 he supervised a pageant at the Middle Temple in honor of William III; the King was so charmed that a knighthood followed. Moira thinks the refusal is the key to everything that came after — that Nash had already worked out he would rather be a king somewhere small than a knight in somebody else's story.
                                          4. Bath's unique asset is that its water comes out of the ground hot. Moira counts at least 26 spa towns in Britain, and all the others artificially heat cold springs. Bath's arises naturally hot, with a legendary reputation for curing, and when Nash arrived around 1702 the city was a quiet backwater of genteel invalids with a growing sideline as a marriage market. The potential was obvious to anyone who looked.
                                          5. His break came through a duel. Captain Webster, the Master of Ceremonies whose assistant Nash had become, was killed in 1705 — and Nash was elected to the honorary, unsalaried post that effectively handed him the city.
                                          6. He could not have done it alone, and the other two legs of the Bath Triumvirate are just as remarkable. Ralph Allen arrived from Cornwall in 1712, aged nineteen, already admired for reforming the Cornish post office; he made his first fortune reforming England's postal service with a cross-post system so mail no longer had to travel to London to be sorted, then made a second from the stone under Combe Down. Prior Park and Sham Castle were, in effect, advertisements for Bath stone — and he even built an early gravity railway to run the stone down to Ralph Allen Wharf, with a nervous brakeman riding the back to control the descent.
                                          7. John Wood the Elder was trying to rebuild Bath as ancient Rome on the soil of Bath. He gave us Queen Square in 1728, the first significant extension beyond the Roman walls, designed a forum that was never built where North and South Parade now are, and laid the foundation stone of the Circus in 1754 — then died weeks later at fifty, of suspected overwork. His son John Wood the Younger finished the Circus and went on to build much of the rest.
                                          8. Nash's reforms were practical before they were social: a band of London musicians funded by subscription and a rake-off from the gambling tables, better communications in and around the city, a new set of Assembly Rooms — the Lower Rooms, since lost — for dancing, cards and indoor promenading in bad weather, residents compelled on pain of a fine to light lanterns from 14 September to 25 March, and the sedan chairmen brought under regulation.
                                          9. The rules themselves were the real invention: a community where rank and background were respected, but conduct was governed by affability and politeness so that people from different walks of life could mingle at balls and assemblies. He enforced them on everybody. He tore a Brussels lace apron worth 500 guineas from the waist of the Duchess of Queensbury and flung it into the back benches with the reproof that "none but Abigails appear in white aprons" — and she, being good-tempered, was amused and begged the King of Bath's pardon. He forbade Princess Amelia to dance past eleven with the line that defines him: "You are a princess, Madam, but in Bath I am the king."
                                          10. Gambling made him and gambling ruined him. When a 1730s law banned games using numbers, entrepreneurs invented EO — evens and odds, a forerunner of roulette — and Nash became entangled in it. He claimed he had been underpaid by the inventors; there was a court case; people began to distrust him. In grave financial difficulty, he downsized from his Sawclose house into his mistress Juliana Popjoy's, and died in 1761 at eighty-six. Moira's verdict is the opposite of the sceptics': his achievements are underestimated, not exaggerated.
                                          11. Soundbites
                                            1. "He seems to have left behind him a small debt, and perhaps compensation in the shape of a pair of boots, two plays, a tobacco box and a fiddle. Though I have to say, he had the presence of mind to draw his allowance, which had only just been paid to him." — Moira on Nash leaving Oxford.
                                            2. "His fellow students in Middle Temple felt that he was some sort of pirate or privateer, because he had no apparent means of financial support."
                                            3. "It does seem as though he endured hardship and hunger as a result of keeping himself in his fine, rather gaudy clothing."
                                            4. "His particular specialty was extravagant self-promotion through oft-repeated anecdotes."
                                            5. "Here moneyed men pass for men of worth, and wealthy cits may hide plebeian birth. Here man devoid of cash may live with ease, appear genteel… and married ladies in their husbands' view may freely flirt and boast their conquests too." — Thomas Haynes Bayly's verse on Bath, read by Moira.
                                            6. "In Bath the water arises from the ground already wonderfully hot, and with legendary curative facilities."
                                            7. "He tore this from the Duchess of Queensbury's waist at an assembly and threw it into the back benches, with a strong reproof: none but Abigails appear in white aprons." — Moira on an apron worth 500 guineas.
                                            8. "No. In Bath I am the king. You are a princess, Madam, but in Bath I am the king." — Nash to Princess Amelia, who had asked to keep dancing past eleven.
                                            9. "The front bench was reserved for the young, beautiful and marriageable. While the older ladies — and in Georgian terms that really meant anyone over the age of about 25 — and children be content with a second bench, as being passed, or not yet come to perfection."
                                            10. "I don't believe that he was overestimated. I think a lot of people underestimate what his real achievements were — because without Nash, we wouldn't have the ordered society that people attending for the season had come to expect."
                                            11. Chapters
                                              • 00:21 Welcome & Our Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen
                                              • 01:03 THE MAN WHO TALKED A CITY INTO EXISTENCE
                                              • 01:12 A Chancer, a Gambler, a Womanizer
                                              • 01:19 Charm, Gold Braid and an Unmistakable White Hat
                                              • 01:23 Absolute Monarch Within a Few Years
                                              • 01:45 "His Name Was Richard Nash, and Everyone Called Him Beau"
                                              • 01:47 If You've Read Northanger Abbey, You've Walked Through His World
                                              • 02:03 Meet Dr. Moira Rudolf — And a Promise This Won't Be Dry
                                              • 02:29 WHO WAS BEAU NASH?
                                              • 02:39 The Self-Styled King of Bath
                                              • 02:50 Modest Birth — Glassmaking and a Royalist Soldier's Daughter
                                              • 03:14 Swansea, Carmarthen, and a Father Who Wanted Him in the Law
                                              • 03:35 Jesus College, Oxford — And Leaving Without a Degree
                                              • 04:01 The Debt, the Boots, Two Plays, a Tobacco Box and a Fiddle
                                              • 04:20 But He Drew His Allowance First
                                              • 04:30 THE SOURCES — Edith Sitwell and Oliver Goldsmith
                                              • 04:54 Oxford: Far More Interested in Being a Man About Town
                                              • 05:16 A Proposal at Seventeen, and What Followed
                                              • 05:36 An Army Commission He Hated
                                              • 05:45 The Middle Temple, and Finding His Real Niche
                                              • 06:05 "Some Sort of Pirate or Privateer"
                                              • 06:27 Hardship and Hunger, to Keep Up the Clothes
                                              • 06:42 HIS CHARACTER — Kindness, Generosity, and Self-Promotion
                                              • 07:07 The Oft-Repeated Anecdote as a Specialty
                                              • 07:16 THE PAGEANT FOR WILLIAM III, 1695
                                              • 07:41 A Knighthood Offered — And Refused
                                              • 07:55 Why That Led Him to Bath, and to Captain Webster
                                              • 08:19 A VERSE ABOUT BATH — Thomas Haynes Bayly
                                              • 08:51 "Here Moneyed Men Pass for Men of Worth"
                                              • 09:29 Husbands Weary of Domestic Strife, and Flirting Spinsters
                                              • 09:49 What the Verse Tells Us About Bath
                                              • 10:01 Why Nash Was Drawn There
                                              • 11:11 What Set Him Apart — Showmanship and the Public Mood
                                              • 10:32 Bath in 1702 — A Quiet Backwater for Genteel Cures
                                              • 11:01 But the Potential Was There
                                              • 11:55 WHY LEAVE LONDON FOR A BACKWATER?
                                              • 12:10 Bath's Unique Naturally Hot Mineral Water
                                              • 11:31 At Least 26 Spa Towns — And All the Others Heat Cold Springs
                                              • 12:08 Legendary Curative Facilities
                                              • 12:12 Already a Marriage Market
                                              • 12:28 The Potential to Set Rules — And Team Up With the Right People
                                              • 12:46 HOW MUCH OF IT WAS SELF-INVENTION?
                                              • 13:07 The Ability to Make People Believe in Him
                                              • 13:47 A Talent for Getting to Know the Right People
                                              • 13:47 THE BATH TRIUMVIRATE
                                              • 14:04 Understanding the Economic Realities of the City
                                              • 14:13 A Reputation for Gambling, Which Suited Him
                                              • 14:23 And a Great Deal Wrong With the City
                                              • 15:02 His Vision: Assembly, Affability, Good Manners, All Walks of Life
                                              • 15:33 Were His Successes Exaggerated? Moira Thinks Not
                                              • 15:33 1705 — A DUEL VACATES THE POST
                                              • 16:00 Captain Webster Killed; Nash Elected Master of Ceremonies
                                              • 16:00 Honorary, Non-Salaried — And Enormously Powerful
                                              • 16:00 RALPH ALLEN ARRIVES, 1712
                                              • 16:34 Nineteen, From Cornwall, Already Known for Postal Reform
                                              • 16:52 Deputy Postmaster — And a First Fortune From Cross Posts
                                              • 17:51 BATH STONE
                                              • 18:08 Buying the Subterranean Quarries at Combe Down
                                              • 18:22 The Townhouse Off Terrace Walk, and Sham Castle
                                              • 18:52 Both of Them Advertisements for Bath Stone
                                              • 19:00 Prior Park — A Huge Swagger Mansion
                                              • 19:17 An Endless Supply of Stone for John Wood the Elder
                                              • 19:48 THE GRAVITY RAILWAY
                                              • 20:45 A Very Nervous Brakeman on the Back
                                              • 21:01 Ralph Allen Wharf, and Onward to Bristol
                                              • 21:25 JOHN WOOD THE ELDER
                                              • 21:33 Ancient Rome on the Soil of Bath
                                              • 21:45 Prior Park, and a Falling-Out
                                              • 21:56 Queen Square — Beyond the Roman Walls
                                              • 22:06 The Forum That Was Never Built
                                              • 22:26 1754 — The Circus Foundation Stone, Then Death at Fifty
                                              • 22:49 Finished by John Wood the Younger
                                              • 23:00 NASH'S EARLY IMPROVEMENTS
                                              • 23:05 A Band of London Musicians, Funded by Subscription
                                              • 23:19 And a Rake-Off From the Gambling Tables
                                              • 23:27 THE LOWER ROOMS — Since Lost
                                              • 23:54 Dancing, Refreshments, Cards, Indoor Promenading
                                              • 24:10 Breakfast by the River
                                              • 24:23 Lanterns From September to March, on Pain of a Fine
                                              • 24:52 Overthrows, Iron Baskets, and Primitive Street Lighting
                                              • 25:27 Regulating the Sedan Chairmen
                                              • 25:55 THE RULES TO BE OBSERVED AT BATH
                                              • 26:02 Rank Respected, Conduct Governed by Affability
                                              • 26:26 Dictating How People Behaved in Their Own Leisure Time
                                              • 26:46 And Not Just the Lowly
                                              • 26:57 THE DUCHESS OF QUEENSBURY'S APRON
                                              • 27:07 Brussels Lace, 500 Guineas
                                              • 27:30 "None But Abigails Appear in White Aprons"
                                              • 28:06 She Was Amused, and Begged His Pardon
                                              • 28:37 Sitwell's Evidence of a Considerate Nature
                                              • 28:53 PRINCESS AMELIA, FORBIDDEN TO DANCE
                                              • 29:02 The Musicians Stopped on the Stroke of Eleven
                                              • 29:31 "You Are a Princess, Madam, But in Bath I Am the King"
                                              • 29:46 Duelling Exiled Beyond the Roman Walls
                                              • 29:58 No Swords, No Boots at Balls
                                              • 30:10 EVEN THE SEATING WAS PRESCRIBED
                                              • 30:21 The Front Bench, Like Paris Fashion Week
                                              • 30:34 The Young, Beautiful and Marriageable
                                              • 30:45 "Anyone Over the Age of About 25"
                                              • 31:02 "Passed, or Not Yet Come to Perfection"
                                              • 31:06 And That's Where "Wallflower" Comes From
                                              • 31:27 A DAY IN GEORGIAN BATH
                                              • 31:51 The Season Ran October to May — And Why Winter, Not Summer
                                              • 32:19 Open Ranges, Coal Fires and Summer Smogs
                                              • 33:16 Winter Was More Bracing, and Better for You
                                              • 33:25 Bathing Between Six and Eight
                                              • 33:41 The King's Bath, the Vanished Queen's Bath, the Cross and the Hot
                                              • 34:33 Fifteen Minutes, Then Wrapped in Towels
                                              • 35:01 Carried Back and Put to Bed to Sweat It Out
                                              • 35:21 Up, Smartened, and Off to Breakfast
                                              • 35:34 Sally Lunn's, the Bath Bun and the Bath Oliver
                                              • 36:13 Dressed to See and Be Seen
                                              • 36:33 THE PUMP ROOM — The 1706 One, Not Today's
                                              • 37:19 Funded by Gambling and Subscription
                                              • 37:36 The Pumper, and What His Job Was
                                              • 37:53 A Promenading Area, Not a Restaurant
                                              • 38:24 THE ARRIVALS BOOK
                                              • 38:49 You Could Tell a Great Deal From an Address
                                              • 38:53 Catherine Morland Checks Up on Mr. Tilney
                                              • 39:23 Respectable Clergyman, Not the Brigand She'd Hoped For
                                              • 39:32 Lodging in Milsom Street — Then Only 15 or 20 Years Old
                                              • 39:58 THE PLEASURE GARDENS
                                              • 40:04 Harrison's Rooms, 1709 — Later the Lower Rooms
                                              • 40:34 "Lower" Means Down the Hill, Not Lower Status
                                              • 40:52 Though Then as Now, Up the Hill Costs More
                                              • 41:06 Where They Stood — Terrace Walk and Parade Gardens
                                              • 42:06 A Ballroom, a Card Room and a Tea Room
                                              • 42:21 HARRISON'S WALKS
                                              • 42:55 Outdoor Supper Boxes
                                              • 43:10 Serpentine Paths Down to the River
                                              • 43:19 Useful for Escaping a Strict Chaperone
                                              • 43:26 Serenading Musicians, and an Area for Dancing
                                              • 43:35 WHERE MR. KING INTRODUCES MR. TILNEY
                                              • 44:15 Sydney Gardens — Coming in the Next Episode
                                              • 44:45 Shopping, Window Shopping, Afternoon Tea, Dinner
                                              • 45:16 ENTER JANE AUSTEN
                                              • 45:32 Why the Rules Outlasted Nash
                                              • 45:37 Nash Dies in 1761, Aged 86
                                              • 45:52 Captain Wade — The Immaculate Wade, the Bath Adonis
                                              • 46:12 Compromised by a Divorce, and a Retreat to Tunbridge Wells
                                              • 46:46 Jane Would Have Known Harrison's Rooms
                                              • 46:55 The Experiences She Gives Catherine Morland, She Had Herself
                                              • 47:13 Working on Northanger Abbey in 1799, Staying With Edward
                                              • 47:36 The 1706 Pump Room, Extended in the 1730s
                                              • 48:16 THE NEW PUMP ROOM, 1795
                                              • 48:42 Built Around the Old One, Which Stayed Open Throughout
                                              • 48:57 What Jane Knew — And What Post-Dated Nash
                                              • 49:08 The Upper Rooms Opened 1771, a Decade After His Death
                                              • 49:24 Nash Knew of the Plan
                                              • 49:37 Robert Adam, and Pulteney Bridge
                                              • 49:59 The Rooms of "Augustan Splendor" That Were Never Built
                                              • 50:36 The Baths Jane Knew
                                              • 50:53 Queen Square, and the Royal Crescent
                                              • 51:31 Great Pulteney Street — Which Nash Never Saw
                                              • 51:45 FINAL THOUGHTS ON BEAU NASH
                                              • 52:03 "I Don't Believe That He Was Overestimated"
                                              • 52:17 Without Nash, No Ordered Society for the Season
                                              • 52:49 THE SORRY END
                                              • 52:57 It Was the Gambling That Spoiled Everything
                                              • 53:08 A 1730s Law Banning Numbers in Gambling
                                              • 53:26 EO — EVENS AND ODDS, A Forerunner of Roulette
                                              • 53:40 Underpaid by the Inventors, and a Court Case
                                              • 54:12 People Begin to Distrust Him
                                              • 54:29 Grave Financial Difficulty
                                              • 54:36 Downsizing From Sawclose to Juliana Popjoy's House
                                              • 54:58 His House Is Now Part of the Theatre Royal Entrance
                                              • 55:06 The Plaque on Juliana's House
                                              • 55:24 Read Goldsmith, Read Sitwell
                                              • 55:34 Generous, Good-Natured, Charming, Highly Entertaining
                                              • 55:51 The Anecdotes Still Came Across Fresh
                                              • 56:00 What He Wanted for Bath
                                              • 57:05 "We've Got to Save Something for the Next Episode"
                                              • 57:07 Wrap-Up & Our Sponsor
                                              • Video Version
                                                59 min
                                              • I Walked Hadrian’s Wall Coast to Coast — Here’s What It Was Actually Like – Blisters, Meat Pies & Beautiful Countryside

                                                Jonathan is finally ready to talk about it. After fifteen years of wanting to, a year of preparation and nine days of walking, he completed the Hadrian's Wall Path National Trail — coast to coast across the neck of England, from Wallsend in the east to Bowness-on-Solway in the west, following a line a Roman emperor drew across Britain nearly two thousand years ago. This is the full account: what it was actually like, what he learned, the glorious bits and the genuinely hard bits, and whether you should do it too. The honest version includes a first leg out of Newcastle that was frankly a disappointment — graffiti on every information board, burnt-out shopping trolleys, an industrial hum he recognized from growing up near the Indiana steel mills. It includes three cafés and leisure centers that turned out to be shut when he arrived starving. It includes a thousand-foot climb he's not sure he could have managed if he hadn't broken the first day in half, and a final fifteen-mile stretch across open marshland with no shade and cars passing at sixty that was, he says plainly, the hardest day of the whole thing. But it also includes the day that made the entire walk worth it: a tiny church alone on a hill at Heavenfield, sheltered from a ferocious wind by ancient trees, empty, silent, and one of the most beautiful places he has ever been. And a man in a lay-by whose entire job is selling two-pound cups of tea to walkers, who became his hero. And honesty sheds with kettles and PayPal QR codes. And a communal dinner with eleven strangers at a Lanercost B&B that he dreaded and which turned out to be one of his favorite evenings of the trip. And standing at the little hut at Bowness with Scotland in the distance, phoning his wife in tears. Plus the practical stuff: how the self-guided model actually works, why you will walk considerably more than 84 miles, why distance is a bad measure of difficulty, and what he'd tell you to do differently.

                                                🥾 OUR SPONSOR: MACS ADVENTURE

                                                This episode is brought to you by Macs Adventure — the self-guided walking and cycling specialists who planned and booked Jonathan's entire Hadrian's Wall walk and made it possible.

                                                The self-guided model is the reason a walk like this is achievable for someone who isn't a hardened hiker. You walk at your own pace, on your own, but everything else is arranged: a bed booked every night along the route, breakfast included, and — the genuinely magic part — luggage transfer, so you leave your bag at reception each morning and it appears at your next stay while you carry only a day pack. You also get their app, which handles navigation, distance, pace, elevation profiles and a written briefing for each day including where to find food and facilities. There's a 24-hour emergency line if things go wrong.

                                                As Jonathan puts it: you still have to walk every hard mile yourself, and nobody carries you. But the logistics are handled by a staff of people who have done these walks themselves, and that is what makes it manageable.

                                                • Hadrian's Wall Path — East to West — 9 days, 8 nights (the direction Jonathan walked)
                                                • Hadrian's Wall Path — West to East — 9 days, 8 nights, with the prevailing weather and sun at your back
                                                • Best of Hadrian's Wall Path — shorter options if you want the finest central section without the full coast-to-coast
                                                • All Macs Adventure Hadrian's Wall itineraries
                                                • Book one a year ahead if you can — there is a limited stock of accommodation near the trail, and Jonathan's was booked the October before he walked.

                                                  Links

                                                  The Trail Itself

                                                  • Hadrian's Wall Path National Trail — the official trail site
                                                  • Hadrian's Wall Path Passport — £6, stamped at points along the route, with the fee going toward maintaining the trail
                                                  • AD 122 Hadrian's Wall Bus — the seasonal bus along the central section, and a perfectly honorable way to skip a stretch
                                                  • SplashMaps — the fabric maps that also sponsored the walk, and which everyone along the trail admired
                                                  • East End — Newcastle & Wallsend

                                                    • Segedunum Roman Fort, Wallsend — the museum at the trail's eastern terminus, where you buy the passport
                                                    • Tynemouth Priory and Castle — English Heritage — the spiritual start of the Wall, even though the trail doesn't reach it
                                                    • Tynemouth Station Market — the antique and flea market in the railway station
                                                    • Heddon-on-the-Wall to Chollerford

                                                      • Wylam Waggonway — the old colliery waggonway, now a walking route through the woods
                                                      • George Stephenson's Birthplace — National Trust — the cottage on the Waggonway, worth a detour
                                                      • Corbridge Roman Town — English Heritage
                                                      • St Andrew's Church, Corbridge — the Roman arch scavenged into a Saxon tower
                                                      • St Oswald's Church, Heavenfield — the church alone on the hill, and the emotional high point of the walk
                                                      • Battle of Heavenfield — Oswald of Northumbria's victory, AD 633/634, after which he was later canonized
                                                      • The Central Section — The Best of It

                                                        • Chesters Roman Fort — English Heritage
                                                        • Carrawburgh / Brocolitia Temple of Mithras — English Heritage
                                                        • Housesteads Roman Fort — English Heritage — the largest fort on the Wall, and where Jonathan bought the stocking cap that saved his ears
                                                        • Winshields Crags — the highest point on the Wall, with its Ordnance Survey trig point
                                                        • The Twice Brewed Inn — the inn in the middle of nowhere, with its own brewery and stargazing
                                                        • Kielder Observatory — the major Northumberland observatory, further north in Kielder Forest
                                                        • Northumberland International Dark Sky Park
                                                        • Into Cumbria — Gilsland to the Sea

                                                          • Lanercost Priory — English Heritage — the ruin with a working church still inside it
                                                          • Abbey Farm House, Lanercost — Charlotte's B&B, the communal dinner, and the best night's stay of the trip
                                                          • Abbey Farm House photography workshops — Charlotte is an award-winning photographer
                                                          • Carlisle Cathedral — whose bells rang Jonathan out of town on the final morning
                                                          • St Mary's Church, Beaumont — said to be the only church built directly on Hadrian's Wall
                                                          • St Michael's Church, Burgh by Sands — where Edward I lay in state after dying nearby in July 1307
                                                          • Bowness-on-Solway — the western terminus, and the little shelter where the trail begins and ends
                                                          • Coming Soon

                                                            • A series of roughly ten daily episodes recorded on the trail each evening, going much deeper into the day-to-day
                                                            • Anglotopia

                                                              • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                              • Anglotopia Store
                                                              • Takeaways
                                                                1. The official distance is 84 miles. Jonathan's actual total was closer to 120. The gap comes from everything the trail map doesn't count: hotels that aren't on the route, walking into town to find dinner, a B&B half a mile from the nearest pub, and the two miles in Carlisle spent hunting for a restaurant that could seat him. If you're thinking "it's only 84 miles," adjust.
                                                                2. Distance is a poor measure of how hard a day will be. Some of the shortest days — six or seven miles — were the most punishing, because of relentless climbing and descending. One of the longest was comparatively easy. Look at the elevation profile, not the mileage.
                                                                3. Breaking the first day in half was the single best decision of the trip. The official day one is fifteen miles. Doing the first five on the afternoon you arrive in Newcastle leaves ten for the next day — and Jonathan is genuinely unsure he could have completed that day's thousand-foot climb otherwise.
                                                                4. The first leg out of Wallsend is the least lovely part of the whole trail, and you should not judge the walk by it. Every information board was graffitied or damaged beyond reading. There was trash and burnt-out shopping trolleys. It's paved and easy but you can't see anything. It gets dramatically more beautiful after that — so keep going.
                                                                5. Luggage transfer is transformative and you don't appreciate it until it's gone. Jonathan describes watching the van carry his bag past him on day seven and thinking only "stop, let me get in the truck." The morning after finishing, he instinctively rushed to pack for a transfer that no longer existed, and the luggage was suddenly his problem again.
                                                                6. There is an entire economy of small kindnesses along the Wall, and it carries you as much as the logistics do. Tea vans parked in lay-bys. Honesty sheds with kettles, fridges, snacks and a tin for your money or a PayPal link. Ice cream vans in unexpected places. Jonathan's firm conclusion: the days with plenty of tea stops were dramatically easier than the days without, and that is not really about the tea.
                                                                7. Stop when you can, and take the full hour. Jonathan found the afternoons after a proper sit-down were far better than the afternoons he tried to push through. The refreshment gets scarcer the further west you go, so never walk past tea assuming there'll be more.
                                                                8. Learn to manage blisters before you leave. Jonathan had done a year of training but not enough long-distance walking to discover that he blisters at seven or eight miles, mostly on his left foot, which is a different size from his right. He had to learn the technique on the trail. Cared for properly — drained each night, aired out, dressed for the morning — blisters barely hurt. Cared for badly, they become open sores and a real problem.
                                                                9. There is no prize for walking every step. Taxis are easy to find along the whole route, Uber works, and two buses cover the trail between them for about three pounds. If your body has had enough for the day, get on the bus — it is enough to simply be there doing it. Jonathan chose to walk the whole thing, saw the bus repeatedly and was tempted, but didn't. That was his choice, not a rule.
                                                                10. The average walker Jonathan met was over sixty and doing this in retirement, which left him grateful to be doing it relatively young — and with a message for anyone putting it off. Stop waiting and just do it. You'll earn every view, and you'll never forget it.
                                                                11. Soundbites
                                                                  1. "There's a slight madness to doing this walk. I'm an American — Americans are famously carbrained. Why would you walk somewhere when you could drive there? And that's kind of what made it worth doing."
                                                                  2. "I saw the luggage transfer van essentially take my bag past me, and all I could think is: stop, let me get in the truck and go with my bag." — Jonathan on day seven.
                                                                  3. "Don't let the lazy part of your brain tell you this sucks. Because it doesn't suck. It's hard. But it's amazing that your body can do this, and it's amazing you get to be in these landscapes."
                                                                  4. "You can sit there in the sanctuary and all you hear is the wind and the surrounding hills and silence. It was such an unexpected, peaceful place to have all to yourself. And I was like — this is why I'm doing this walk." — Jonathan on the church at Heavenfield.
                                                                  5. "I called my wife and said: honey, this was the perfect day. This was the kind of day I dreamed about since I set out to do this fifteen years ago."
                                                                  6. "In the back of the van was a full service tea shop. His job is he sits in this lay-by and serves tea to walkers. I cannot tell you how happy I was that this man was there to sell me a cup of tea. Two pounds. He was my hero that day."
                                                                  7. "It blows my freaking mind that this pub in the middle of nowhere in England has been brewing beer since long before America was in the glimmer of an eye of anybody." — Jonathan at the Twice Brewed Inn.
                                                                  8. "I saw a sign that said Carlisle 35 miles, and I realized I had to walk that 35 miles. If I was driving it would take 35 minutes. But no — it's actually going to take me two or three days. You start thinking about distance differently."
                                                                  9. "The wall is lined with small human kindnesses, and they carry you as much as the logistics do. There's an entire economy of businesses facilitating people doing this dream walk. That's a really beautiful thing."
                                                                  10. "I called my wife and said: I made it. I'm here. I made it the whole walk. And I literally broke down in tears. I'd been wanting to do this for fifteen years and I'd finally done it. My body let me do it."
                                                                  11. Chapters
                                                                    • 00:21 "I'm Finally Ready to Talk About It"
                                                                    • 00:35 Why This Episode Took Until October
                                                                    • 00:59 What I Actually Did — Coast to Coast, 84 Miles, Nine Days
                                                                    • 01:34 OUR SPONSOR — Macs Adventure, and Why the Walk Was Possible
                                                                    • 02:39 WHAT IS HADRIAN'S WALL? — AD 122 and Emperor Hadrian
                                                                    • 03:03 A Fuzzy Border and a Projection of Roman Power
                                                                    • 03:45 The Trail vs. the Wall — Where They Diverge
                                                                    • 04:34 WHY I DID THIS — Fifteen Years of Starting and Stopping
                                                                    • 05:23 A Year of Preparation, Sponsors and Logistics
                                                                    • 05:57 The Slight Madness of Walking Somewhere
                                                                    • 06:09 "Americans Are Famously Carbrained"
                                                                    • 07:03 HOW THE SELF-GUIDED MODEL WORKS
                                                                    • 07:31 It Does Not Mean Camping
                                                                    • 07:47 Quintin Lake Did It in Four Days — It Took Me Nine
                                                                    • 08:00 A Bed Every Night, Breakfast Included
                                                                    • 08:28 LUGGAGE TRANSFER — The Magic Bit
                                                                    • 09:04 "Stop, Let Me Get in the Truck"
                                                                    • 09:19 And Then Suddenly the Luggage Is Your Problem Again
                                                                    • 09:38 You Don't Choose Your Hotels — And Why That's Fine
                                                                    • 10:03 Book a Year Ahead
                                                                    • 10:32 This Is the Overview — A Daily Series Is Coming
                                                                    • 11:02 THE MACS ADVENTURE APP
                                                                    • 11:44 Honest Framing — Nobody Carries You
                                                                    • 12:34 THE WALK BEGINS
                                                                    • 12:39 East to West or West to East?
                                                                    • 13:41 DAY ZERO — Breaking the First Fifteen Miles in Half
                                                                    • 14:16 Why Doing Five Miles on Arrival Day Saved Me
                                                                    • 15:48 YOU WILL WALK MORE THAN 84 MILES
                                                                    • 16:33 Closer to 120 — And Where the Extra Comes From
                                                                    • 17:23 "It's Only 84 Miles" — It Is Further Than You Think
                                                                    • 18:03 Exploring Newcastle, Then the Metro to Tynemouth
                                                                    • 18:46 The Ruined Priory, the Bluff, and the Beach I Didn't Reach
                                                                    • 19:05 WALLSEND AND SEGEDUNUM
                                                                    • 19:20 The Hadrian's Wall Passport — £6 and the First Stamp
                                                                    • 20:11 Skipping the Museum to Get Started
                                                                    • 20:38 THE FIRST LEG WAS A DISAPPOINTMENT
                                                                    • 20:59 Graffiti on Every Information Board
                                                                    • 21:19 Trash, Burnt-Out Trolleys and an Industrial Hum
                                                                    • 21:45 Walking Alone, and Meeting People Finishing
                                                                    • 22:23 Were the Signs Bad? Not Really — They Were Damaged
                                                                    • 22:47 Down the Zigzag to the Tyne
                                                                    • 23:14 The First Shut Café
                                                                    • 24:09 Into Central Newcastle on a Match Day
                                                                    • 24:41 A Mile Uphill to the Hotel, and Nothing Left
                                                                    • 25:31 Three Orders, Nothing Available
                                                                    • 26:04 DAY TWO — Taxi to the Trailhead
                                                                    • 26:35 Leaving Newcastle Behind
                                                                    • 27:05 The Leisure Centre Was Shut Too
                                                                    • 27:18 Rescued by a Lidl, and a £14 Picnic
                                                                    • 27:43 Crossing the A1 Where I'd Once Driven
                                                                    • 28:18 SUDDENLY, OPEN COUNTRYSIDE
                                                                    • 28:35 Birdsong, and the Moment I'd Trained a Year For
                                                                    • 29:06 The Wylam Waggonway
                                                                    • 29:51 A 500-Foot Climb to Heddon-on-the-Wall
                                                                    • 30:27 Self-Catering, and a Mile Each Way to the Pub
                                                                    • 31:10 The First Pub Was Closing, So I Walked Further
                                                                    • 31:26 Calling a Taxi, and Refusing to Walk Back Up
                                                                    • 31:54 DAY THREE — Heddon-on-the-Wall to Corbridge
                                                                    • 32:04 My First Real Sightings of the Wall
                                                                    • 32:21 Squat, Mundane, and Buried in the Landscape
                                                                    • 32:38 Third Straight Day — "Don't Let the Lazy Part of Your Brain Win"
                                                                    • 33:17 Lunch at the Robin Hood Inn
                                                                    • 33:41 My Pace vs. the Distances
                                                                    • 34:02 THE PASSPORT SAGA BEGINS — I Forgot the Stamp
                                                                    • 34:22 Too Exhausted to Notice Corbridge Was Lovely
                                                                    • 34:51 DAY FOUR — The Perfect Day
                                                                    • 35:27 Why I Needed This Day
                                                                    • 35:41 Exploring Corbridge Properly
                                                                    • 35:54 A Roman Arch in a Saxon Tower, and the Vicar's Pele
                                                                    • 36:24 The Church to Myself
                                                                    • 36:42 Taxi to the Trailhead, Then Steak and Ale Pie
                                                                    • 37:00 Walking Into a Ferocious Wind
                                                                    • 37:29 The Landscape Was Astonishing in Every Direction
                                                                    • 37:46 THE CHURCH IN THE FIELD
                                                                    • 38:07 The Battle of Heavenfield, and Oswald
                                                                    • 38:31 Leaving the Trail to Walk Up to It
                                                                    • 39:10 Alone in a Church That Is Never Locked
                                                                    • 39:30 Wind, Silence, and Centuries-Old Trees
                                                                    • 39:47 "This Is Why I'm Doing This Walk"
                                                                    • 40:16 Calling My Wife — "This Was the Perfect Day"
                                                                    • 40:38 And a Bathtub, With Epsom Salts
                                                                    • 41:10 English Paradise
                                                                    • 41:21 DAY FIVE — The Picture Postcard Day
                                                                    • 41:30 The Wall as Constant Company
                                                                    • 42:00 The Most Incredible Walk I've Ever Taken
                                                                    • 42:17 Chesters Roman Fort, Tea and Cake
                                                                    • 42:48 THE TEA VAN HERO
                                                                    • 43:32 The Days With Tea Were the Easier Days
                                                                    • 43:46 Brocolitia, and a Second Tea Van
                                                                    • 44:03 HOUSESTEADS — The Largest Fort on the Wall
                                                                    • 44:30 People Walking on the Wall, and My Tutting
                                                                    • 44:37 The Cold Became a Problem
                                                                    • 44:47 Buying the Stocking Cap That Saved My Ears
                                                                    • 45:00 Using the Wall to Steady Your Step
                                                                    • 45:17 Seeing the Crag and the Lake in the Distance
                                                                    • 45:51 Walking Through Tolkien
                                                                    • 46:02 Natural Stairs Worn Into Vertiginous Hills
                                                                    • 46:21 Wishing I'd Brought Walking Poles
                                                                    • 46:43 SYCAMORE GAP
                                                                    • 46:56 The Kevin Costner Robin Hood Connection
                                                                    • 47:40 Felled in the Dark, and the Men Who Went to Prison
                                                                    • 47:55 The Fenced Stump, and the Green Shoots
                                                                    • 48:15 Emotional and Sad — But Still Beautiful
                                                                    • 48:29 THE TWICE BREWED INN
                                                                    • 48:44 The Middle of Nowhere, and an Observatory
                                                                    • 48:53 A Dark Sky Reserve, and a Cloudy Night
                                                                    • 49:15 Brewing Here Since Long Before America Existed
                                                                    • 49:46 DAY SIX — Up to the Highest Point
                                                                    • 49:58 Winshields Crags
                                                                    • 50:26 The Trig Point, and Seeing for Miles
                                                                    • 50:48 Earning Every Step of the View
                                                                    • 51:26 Nowhere to Have Lunch, and Regretting No Packed Lunch
                                                                    • 52:04 Arriving in Gilsland
                                                                    • 52:18 A B&B in Someone's Home, and Another Walk to the Pub
                                                                    • 52:48 THE MOST SUBLIME EXTRA MILE
                                                                    • 53:08 Woodsmoke, Silence, and a Train Every Few Minutes
                                                                    • 53:33 The Laundry Problem, Solved for £15
                                                                    • 54:04 DAY SEVEN — Easier Is Relative
                                                                    • 54:28 Walking the Railway Line, and Crossing a Live Track
                                                                    • 54:51 Gilsland's Campaign to Reopen Its Station
                                                                    • 55:09 THE LAST DAY OF THE WALL ITSELF
                                                                    • 55:35 Swimming in Tea — The Honesty Sheds
                                                                    • 56:12 "I Came, I Saw, I Blistered"
                                                                    • 56:28 Blisters, Briefly
                                                                    • 56:36 THE RAINIEST DAY
                                                                    • 57:02 Soaked by the Time I Reached Lanercost
                                                                    • 57:16 LANERCOST PRIORY — A Ruin With a Church Inside It
                                                                    • 57:54 Tea in the Rain, Waiting for Check-In
                                                                    • 58:14 Charlotte's B&B, and the Best Stay of the Trip
                                                                    • 58:41 An Award-Winning Photographer Who Now Hosts Walkers
                                                                    • 59:13 THE COMMUNAL DINNER I DREADED
                                                                    • 59:44 Lasagna, and Eleven Strangers
                                                                    • 01:00:14 Why It Became One of My Favorite Evenings
                                                                    • 01:00:33 The Walk Is Isolating — This Was a Change of Pace
                                                                    • 01:01:12 DAY EIGHT — To Carlisle, With No More Wall
                                                                    • 01:01:21 Red Sandstone, and Why the Wall Didn't Survive Here
                                                                    • 01:01:58 One of the Least Enjoyable Days
                                                                    • 01:02:04 Sunburn, Abandoned Farms, and a Museum I Skipped
                                                                    • 01:02:40 The Germans Who Said "Only Three More Hours"
                                                                    • 01:03:04 Walking Into a City Again
                                                                    • 01:03:23 Saturday Night in Carlisle With No Reservation
                                                                    • 01:03:47 Two Extra Miles Looking for Dinner
                                                                    • 01:04:00 "You Don't Look Like a Cheeky Boy"
                                                                    • 01:04:29 THE FINAL DAY — Fifteen Miles to the Sea
                                                                    • 01:05:07 Church Bells Ushering Me Out of Carlisle
                                                                    • 01:05:40 Village to Village Through Farmland
                                                                    • 01:05:51 St Mary's, Beaumont — The Only Church Built on the Wall
                                                                    • 01:06:12 Sunday Roast at the Greyhound Inn
                                                                    • 01:06:43 EDWARD I DIED HERE
                                                                    • 01:07:07 The Final Seven Miles
                                                                    • 01:07:15 Walking to the Edge of the World
                                                                    • 01:07:33 The Marshland, the Road, and the Cars at Sixty
                                                                    • 01:08:14 Sixteen Miles, Not Fifteen
                                                                    • 01:08:33 THE END OF THE TRAIL
                                                                    • 01:08:45 The Hut at Bowness-on-Solway
                                                                    • 01:08:51 Someone Could Tell I Was Having a Moment
                                                                    • 01:08:59 "I Made It" — And Breaking Down in Tears
                                                                    • 01:09:31 And Still Having to Walk to the Hotel
                                                                    • 01:09:47 Waking Up Done
                                                                    • 01:10:08 THE BUS BACK — Three Pounds and a Revelation
                                                                    • 01:10:46 Marvelling at the Automobile
                                                                    • 01:10:59 Seeing the Bus and Not Getting On
                                                                    • 01:11:14 LESSONS FROM THE WALK
                                                                    • 01:11:29 Every Day Is a New Walk
                                                                    • 01:11:59 You Earn a Dividend
                                                                    • 01:12:23 Distance Is Not a Measure of Difficulty
                                                                    • 01:12:39 Thinking About Distance Differently
                                                                    • 01:12:58 Kindness and Community on the Trail
                                                                    • 01:13:32 Gratitude, and a Nudge to Stop Waiting
                                                                    • 01:13:54 Landscapes I Don't Have at Home
                                                                    • 01:14:28 TIPS IF YOU WANT TO DO THIS
                                                                    • 01:14:28 Don't Judge It by Day One
                                                                    • 01:14:42 Taxis and Buses Exist
                                                                    • 01:15:13 Stop for Tea — Always
                                                                    • 01:15:37 Give Your Body a Chance to Recuperate
                                                                    • 01:16:03 Feet First — Learn Blisters Before You Go
                                                                    • 01:17:11 What to Pack
                                                                    • 01:17:47 Get the Passport and Stamp It
                                                                    • 01:18:04 Pace It — It's Not a Race
                                                                    • 01:18:32 Let Macs Adventure Handle the Logistics
                                                                    • 01:18:53 WRAP-UP
                                                                    • 01:19:02 One Very Tired But Very Happy American
                                                                    • 01:19:16 "Do It. Don't Wait."
                                                                    • 01:19:27 The Cotswold Way Next?
                                                                    • 01:19:29 Thanks to Macs Adventure
                                                                    • 01:19:53 The Daily Series Is Coming
                                                                    • Video Version
                                                                      1 hr 21 min
                                                                    • Strictly Jane Austen Episode 5: America’s Love Affair with Jane Austen — One of Literature’s Strangest Romances

                                                                      This is Episode 5 of a special six-part Jane Austen series, sponsored throughout by Strictly Jane Austen.

                                                                      It is, when you stop to think about it, one of the strangest love affairs in literary history. Here is a country founded on tearing up the rule book of aristocracy, of inherited rank, of who married whom — a nation that fought a war precisely to be free of all of it. And what does it do? It falls utterly and permanently for a clergyman's daughter from Hampshire who wrote six novels about the English gentry. Americans fill ballrooms in Regency gowns. They queue for Chawton. They've given the world Clueless, Bridget Jones, and Mr. Darcy fighting zombies. Mark Twain loathed her so passionately he said he wanted to dig her up — and lost, comprehensively, to his own countrymen. Jonathan Thomas is joined by Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm, who holds a PhD from the University of Kent, is the author of Fan Phenomena: Jane Austen and There's Something About Darcy, and is the creative director of Strictly Jane Austen — so there is nobody better placed to explain what draws people across an ocean to walk in Austen's footsteps. The conversation starts with the tote bag that started it all: Gabrielle moved to Bath, saw students and tourists carrying bags reading "I ♥ Darcy," and realized no other character in English literature could possibly warrant one. Along the way: why everybody calls her Jane and nobody calls Dickens Charlie; the Netherfield scene that demonstrates exactly how Austen gets inside everyone's head at once; her genuinely provocative argument that Americans recognized Austen's contribution before the English did; the Victorian children's novel in which an American girl visits Austen's grave and the cathedral warden has no idea who she's talking about; why male academics were still dismissing Austen as a romance writer within living memory; what makes Darcy structurally different from Rochester and Heathcliff — he is the one who actually changes, rather than needing to be set on fire first; why the 1995 adaptation and the growth of the internet were a tandem phenomenon; why Austen fandom is, improbably, the kindest corner of the internet; and why Bath — a city Austen never much liked — became the heart of the pilgrimage.

                                                                      🎀 OUR SPONSOR: STRICTLY JANE AUSTEN

                                                                      This entire six-part series is brought to you by Strictly Jane Austen — Bath's most Austentatious travel company. Today's guest, Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm, is their creative director, and in this episode she explains exactly what she was brought in to build.

                                                                      Gabrielle's role is to recruit the speakers and specialists — experts in Georgian embroidery, fashion, architecture and gardens, the literary history of Austen's writing and her family — so that guests spend each day of a residency doing something different. Guests stay at the Gainsborough Bath Spa, with access to the warm spa waters, the opportunity to dress in Regency costume (which in Bath, as Gabrielle notes, causes nobody to bat an eyelid), and the chance to actually spend time with those speakers rather than simply hear them. Novelist Gill Hornby, whose Miss Austen has now been dramatized for television, has been among them.

                                                                      And if you want a shorter visit, the expert guided walk is the thing: an architectural historian or literary specialist who will take you to the nooks and crannies of Jane Austen's Bath — Sydney Place and Sydney Gardens, Gay Street, the Old Theatre Royal, Milsom Street — the places we know from her letters that she shopped, bought her walking boots, and bought the stationery she wrote them on.

                                                                      What they offer:

                                                                      • Expert Guided Tours of Jane Austen's Bath — Private walking tours led by expert Janeite guides
                                                                      • Period Dress Hire & Afternoon Tea in Bath — Regency costume delivered to your hotel, then promenade through Bath and take afternoon tea in a historic tearoom
                                                                      • Bridgerton in Bath — The city's Bridgerton filming locations and Regency high society
                                                                      • Jane Austen & Bath's Gothic History Twilight Tour — Northanger Abbey, Frankenstein, and the darker side of Regency Bath
                                                                      • Discovering Jane — A Three-Night Travel Experience in Bath & Hampshire — The full immersive short break, including Jane's Hampshire home and burial place
                                                                      • Escape to Bath by Rail from London — Paddington to Austen's Bath in style
                                                                      • Bespoke Group Tours of Bath & Hampshire — For individuals, couples, book clubs and groups of any size
                                                                      • Annual Jane Austen Celebrations — Dance, discussion and Regency merriment at the Gainsborough Bath Spa
                                                                      • 🎁 Gift Vouchers — The perfect present for the Janeite in your life
                                                                      • Book or learn more at strictlyjaneausten.com · Call +44 1225 333747 (Mon–Fri, 09:00–17:00 GMT)

                                                                        Follow them: Instagram · Facebook

                                                                        Winner, Bristol Bath & Somerset International Tourism Award 2025 (Bronze). Part of ECT Travel, a Bath-based tour operator running successful travel programs since 1993.

                                                                        Links

                                                                        Our Guest

                                                                        • There's Something About Darcy: The Curious Appeal of Jane Austen's Bewitching Hero
                                                                        • Fan Phenomena: Jane Austen — the collected essays that came out of the I-♥-Darcy tote bag
                                                                        • Gabrielle Malcolm at Intellect Books
                                                                        • Strictly Jane Austen — where she is creative director
                                                                        • Austen Societies & Events

                                                                          • The Jane Austen Society of North America (JASNA) — founded 1979
                                                                          • JASNA 2025 Annual General Meeting — "Austen at 250," Baltimore — Gabrielle's first, attended with Susannah Harker
                                                                          • The Jane Austen Society (UK) — the more traditionally academic British society Gabrielle has begun working with
                                                                          • The Jane Austen Centre, Bath
                                                                          • Places of Pilgrimage

                                                                            • Jane Austen's House, Chawton — the cottage, restored
                                                                            • Chawton House — the Great House at the top of the village, barely changed
                                                                            • Winchester Cathedral — where Austen is buried, in the north nave aisle
                                                                            • The Roman Baths & Pump Room, Bath
                                                                            • Theatre Royal Bath
                                                                            • The Gainsborough Bath Spa — where the Strictly Jane Austen residencies are based
                                                                            • Visit Bath — for Milsom Street, Gay Street, Sydney Place, Sydney Gardens, the Royal Crescent and the Circus
                                                                            • St Swithin's, Walcot, Bath — where Austen's parents married and her father George is buried
                                                                            • Previous Episodes in This Series

                                                                              • Robert Morrison on The Regency Years
                                                                              • Dr. Moira Rudolf on the darker side of Georgian Bath
                                                                              • Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm on Austen's filming locations
                                                                              • Theresa Roche on the people who made Jane Austen
                                                                              • Anglotopia

                                                                                • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                                                • Anglotopia Store
                                                                                • Takeaways
                                                                                  1. Gabrielle's route into Austen fandom ran through a Victorian sensation novelist. For her PhD she deciphered the notebooks of Mary Elizabeth Braddon — a friend of Wilkie Collins — reading the crossings-out and false starts of a novelist at work. That changed how she read everything afterward, Austen included: she had never thought about the shaping of a novel as a reader.
                                                                                  2. Then she moved to Bath and saw the tote bags. Students and tourists carrying "I ♥ Darcy." She realized no other character in English literature could sustain that object — not Mr. Rochester, not any of Dickens's heroes, because as she puts it, "they were really sketchy, shady people."
                                                                                  3. The clearest sign of Austen's unique hold is that everybody calls her Jane. Brontë fans distinguish Charlotte, Emily and Anne out of necessity, but nobody calls Dickens Charles or Charlie. Austen readers talk about her as though they know her — which Gabrielle traces directly to the free indirect style that puts her in the room, mediating between character and reader.
                                                                                  4. Her demonstration of that is the Netherfield scene with Elizabeth's muddy petticoat. We go round the room and hear what each character privately thinks: Bingley finds her a lovely sister, Miss Bingley is disgusted, Darcy notices the walk has brightened her cheeks — and Mr. Hurst is thinking about his breakfast. It's a tour of several minds in a few lines, capped with a deliberate bathos.
                                                                                  5. Gabrielle's answer to the central paradox is that Austen's appeal to America is because of the revolutionary founding, not in spite of it. Austen was born in 1775 and grew up amid revolutionary politics — her cousin Eliza's husband was guillotined. Her heroines push back. Elizabeth telling Lady Catherine "he is a gentleman; I am a gentleman's daughter — so far we are equals" is the line Gabrielle reaches for, and it nearly makes Lady Catherine faint.
                                                                                  6. That same quality is why Austen travels beyond the English-speaking world. She is popular in India, the Middle East, Brazil and Italy because, Gabrielle argues, she speaks to a universal compulsion to rebel against whoever is trying to tell you what your life should be. Jonathan adds the complementary point: humans everywhere build stratification, and America has its own invisible class system.
                                                                                  7. Her most provocative claim is that Americans recognized Austen's contribution before the English did. Her evidence is a wonderful piece of Victorian literary tourism: in Susan Coolidge's What Katy Did Next, an American girl travels to lay flowers on Austen's grave and the cathedral warden effectively asks "Jane who?"
                                                                                  8. Readers never stopped loving Austen — her books have never been out of print — but critical reception ebbed and flowed, and she wasn't in the academic canon while Scott and Dickens were. It took post-war feminist scholarship to bring Austen, the Brontës and Eliot in as serious literature. Gabrielle was a student while male academics were still dismissing Austen as a romance writer. The same thing happened in translation, where she arrived in languages like Italian packaged as pure romance, hearts and flowers on the cover.
                                                                                  9. What makes Darcy durable isn't the brooding — Goethe and Byron had already built that type — it's that he changes, and he does most of it offstage. Elizabeth doesn't change him; she shows him what he is, and he becomes a better man for knowing her. Gabrielle's comparison is brutal and funny: Rochester only improves after Charlotte Brontë half burns him to death and blinds him, and Heathcliff never improves at all.
                                                                                  10. Austen fandom online is, improbably, the nice part of the internet. The most heated the argument ever gets is Colin Firth versus Matthew Macfadyen — and Gabrielle has seen groups retire even that, on the grounds that you like what you like. She connects it back to Austen's own warmth about friendship: Elizabeth and Charlotte, Marianne and Elinor, and behind them Jane and Cassandra.
                                                                                  11. Soundbites
                                                                                    1. "I just saw all these people in Bath, students and tourists with tote bags that said 'I heart Darcy' on them. And I thought — is there any other character in the whole of English literature that would warrant that? You could never have that for Mr. Rochester." — Gabrielle on the moment her research changed direction.
                                                                                    2. "Everybody talks about Jane, and they talk about her as if they know her. You don't call Dickens Charles or Charlie."
                                                                                    3. "What that boils down to is that she is in the room, mediating between character and reader in a very persuasive and psychologically adept way. And she does it in such a charming and witty way that you just can't help but like her."
                                                                                    4. "Mr. Bingley is thinking what a lovely sister she is. Miss Bingley is thinking this is disgusting. Mr. Darcy is thinking she's gorgeous and the walk has made her cheeks even brighter. And then Mr. Hurst is thinking about his breakfast." — Gabrielle on the Netherfield scene.
                                                                                    5. "He says 'every time I open Jane Austen' — which means he reads her repeatedly. It just makes him furious that she's so good. Whether he liked her or not, Jane Austen was inevitable." — Gabrielle on Mark Twain.
                                                                                    6. "The Americans appreciated her, and her contribution, before the English did. A person in their own country is without honor. We were the last people to build a Globe Theatre for Shakespeare."
                                                                                    7. "When I was a student, Jane Austen was still being disparaged by largely male academics just dismissing her as a romance writer. And you think — she's more than that."
                                                                                    8. "Elizabeth does the thing that we've always been told you can't possibly do with a man. You can't change him. No — she shows him for what he is, and he becomes a better man for knowing Elizabeth. And that's the lightning in a bottle of Pride and Prejudice."
                                                                                    9. "Mr. Rochester only changes after he's half been burnt to death and blinded. Charlotte Brontë has to smash him over the head with a piece of burning timber for him to wake up. He's an absolute monster. Heathcliff is terrible. These men are awful."
                                                                                    10. "The most heated they get is: who is the best Mr. Darcy, Colin Firth or Matthew Macfadyen? That's as heated as they get. You can't stay angry for very long, and definitely not in an Austen group."
                                                                                    11. Chapters
                                                                                      • 00:46 Welcome & Our Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen
                                                                                      • 01:28 Today's Guest Is the Creative Director — With Delight, Not a Disclaimer
                                                                                      • 01:44 AMERICA'S LOVE AFFAIR WITH JANE AUSTEN
                                                                                      • 01:52 One of the Strangest Love Affairs in Literary History
                                                                                      • 01:56 A Nation That Fought a War to Be Free of All of It
                                                                                      • 02:08 Regency Ballrooms, Chawton Queues, and Darcy Fighting Zombies
                                                                                      • 02:16 Mark Twain Wanted to Dig Her Up — And Lost
                                                                                      • 02:28 Meet Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm
                                                                                      • 03:07 HOW SHE CAME TO THIS
                                                                                      • 03:12 Why Fandom Rather Than Prose?
                                                                                      • 03:29 Mary Elizabeth Braddon, and a Great-Great-Great-Granddaughter
                                                                                      • 04:04 Deciphering a Victorian Novelist's Notebooks
                                                                                      • 04:40 Returning to Austen and Seeing the Shaping of a Novel
                                                                                      • 05:13 THE I-HEART-DARCY TOTE BAG
                                                                                      • 05:47 "You Could Never Have That for Mr. Rochester"
                                                                                      • 05:59 The Jane Austen Centre and a Festival Gathering Momentum
                                                                                      • 06:20 Why Are People This Passionate About Her?
                                                                                      • 06:33 Why Isn't There a Dickens Society Filling Ballrooms?
                                                                                      • 07:03 Obsessive Brontë Fans and Dickens Festivals Do Exist
                                                                                      • 07:31 But the Scale of Devotion Has No Comparison
                                                                                      • 07:36 EVERYBODY CALLS HER JANE
                                                                                      • 08:02 Nobody Calls Dickens Charlie
                                                                                      • 08:10 She Is in the Room — The Free Indirect Style
                                                                                      • 09:04 "You Just Can't Help But Like Her as a Person"
                                                                                      • 09:09 Dickens, By Contrast, Was Quite Unpleasant
                                                                                      • 09:38 THE MUDDY PETTICOAT AT NETHERFIELD
                                                                                      • 09:54 Round the Room, Mind by Mind
                                                                                      • 10:08 And Mr. Hurst Is Thinking About His Breakfast
                                                                                      • 10:30 Bathos, and Mr. Hurst's Famous Line
                                                                                      • 10:41 "WE RECREATE AUSTEN FOR OUR TIME"
                                                                                      • 11:18 Archetypes People Recognize Without Reading Her
                                                                                      • 11:43 The Victorian Jane — "Dear Aunt Jane," Shaped by Family Memoirs
                                                                                      • 12:00 The 20th-Century Jane — Theatricality and Episodic Drama
                                                                                      • 12:26 Why the 19th-Century Novel Translates So Well to Television
                                                                                      • 12:44 "What Would She Have Thought of This?"
                                                                                      • 12:53 Amy Heckerling's Clueless Channeling Emma
                                                                                      • 13:01 THE PARADOX AT THE HEART OF THE EPISODE
                                                                                      • 13:10 A Country Founded on Rejecting Inherited Rank
                                                                                      • 13:19 Gabrielle's Answer: Precisely Because of the Revolution
                                                                                      • 13:35 Born in 1775, Into a Landscape of Revolutionary Politics
                                                                                      • 14:06 Cousin Eliza, and a Husband Guillotined
                                                                                      • 14:45 "I AM A GENTLEMAN'S DAUGHTER"
                                                                                      • 15:03 Lady Catherine Nearly Faints
                                                                                      • 15:12 "Are the Shades of Pemberley to Be Thus Polluted?"
                                                                                      • 15:14 Drama About Class Consciousness and Social Mobility
                                                                                      • 15:33 Relating to Elizabeth, Harriet Smith, Marianne Dashwood
                                                                                      • 16:00 Why She Travels — India, the Middle East, Brazil, Italy
                                                                                      • 16:19 A Universal Compulsion to Rebel
                                                                                      • 16:28 Jonathan: Humans Always Build Stratification
                                                                                      • 16:48 The Opportunity to Push Back
                                                                                      • 17:09 Jane Herself — The Satirists, and Mary Wollstonecraft
                                                                                      • 17:27 Samuel Johnson, and a Forward-Thinking Father
                                                                                      • 17:56 A Library of 500 Books at Steventon
                                                                                      • 18:15 Looking Forward Rather Than Harking Back
                                                                                      • 18:22 MARK TWAIN
                                                                                      • 18:33 "Every Time I Open Jane Austen" — Which Means He Reread Her
                                                                                      • 19:00 Charlotte Brontë Didn't Enjoy Her Either
                                                                                      • 19:11 A Patchy 19th-Century Reception
                                                                                      • 20:30 The Fever of the Century Was the Novel
                                                                                      • 19:50 Circulating Libraries, and How People Actually Read
                                                                                      • 20:23 Before Jane Austen and After Jane Austen
                                                                                      • 20:52 John Mullan on the Structure of Emma
                                                                                      • 21:04 "Whether You Like Her or Not, She's Undeniable"
                                                                                      • 21:14 WHEN DID AMERICA FALL FOR HER?
                                                                                      • 21:25 Gabrielle's Controversial Answer
                                                                                      • 21:43 "A Person in Their Own Country Is Without Honor"
                                                                                      • 21:51 We Were the Last to Build a Globe Theatre
                                                                                      • 21:58 "JANE WHO?" — Susan Coolidge's What Katy Did Next
                                                                                      • 22:10 Flowers on the Grave at Winchester
                                                                                      • 22:46 More Recognition as the American Novel Emerged
                                                                                      • 23:11 Nobody Studied Novels Until Well Into the 20th Century
                                                                                      • 23:22 Austen Wasn't in the Canon — Scott and Dickens Were
                                                                                      • 23:27 Post-War Feminism Brought Eliot, Austen and the Brontës In
                                                                                      • 23:41 "Still Being Disparaged by Largely Male Academics"
                                                                                      • 23:57 Readers Always Loved Her — Critics Wobbled
                                                                                      • 24:42 Reframed by Recent Scholarship, Much of It American
                                                                                      • 24:49 Devoney Looser, and Getting Rid of the Myths
                                                                                      • 25:09 AUSTEN IN TRANSLATION
                                                                                      • 25:23 Packaged as Romance, Hearts and Flowers on the Cover
                                                                                      • 26:03 Translating Her Character Into Swedish
                                                                                      • 26:23 JASNA
                                                                                      • 26:37 How American Fandom Differs
                                                                                      • 26:41 "More Everything About the American Fandom"
                                                                                      • 26:54 Her First JASNA, Baltimore, for the 250th
                                                                                      • 27:05 How Americans Pursue Their Hobbies
                                                                                      • 27:32 Feeding the Beast — More Films, More Fandom
                                                                                      • 27:47 Sitting Next to the Academic World
                                                                                      • 28:00 The UK Society Is More Traditionally Academic
                                                                                      • 28:19 Gabrielle's Work to Bring Some JASNA Flair to Britain
                                                                                      • 28:35 American Passion vs. British Restraint
                                                                                      • 28:51 Would Darcy Approve? Not at All — But Elizabeth and Lydia Would
                                                                                      • 29:06 THE INTERNET AND AUSTEN DISCOURSE
                                                                                      • 29:24 1995 and the Growth of the Internet, in Tandem
                                                                                      • 29:57 By 2005, Another Generation Found It All Waiting
                                                                                      • 30:19 THE LOVELY SIDE OF THE INTERNET
                                                                                      • 30:57 Firth or Macfadyen — As Heated as It Gets
                                                                                      • 31:10 "We're Not Having This Argument Anymore"
                                                                                      • 31:16 Fellowship, and Austen's Warmth About Friendship
                                                                                      • 31:44 Jane and Cassandra Behind It All
                                                                                      • 32:17 Jonathan on Fandoms That Destroy Themselves
                                                                                      • 32:36 Balls, Trinkets, Georgian Crafting and New Mugs
                                                                                      • 33:13 At JASNA With Susannah Harker
                                                                                      • 33:35 SPOILER — Susannah Harker Is Coming to This Series
                                                                                      • 33:43 THE 1995 ADAPTATION
                                                                                      • 33:50 That Lake, That Shirt, That House
                                                                                      • 34:04 PBS, and the Modern American Austen Boom
                                                                                      • 34:14 Everything Austen Dates From 1995
                                                                                      • 34:30 And It Coincided With the Box Set
                                                                                      • 35:24 Andrew Davies and the Crafting of Tension
                                                                                      • 35:40 Shot on Location Instead of in Studios
                                                                                      • 36:21 Before That, the Sets Were Very Shaky
                                                                                      • 36:36 Getting the Heroines Out Into Nature, Where Austen Put Them
                                                                                      • 37:05 Giving American Viewers the English Landscape in Detail
                                                                                      • 37:28 "And Andrew Davies Injecting a Good Deal of Sex Appeal"
                                                                                      • 37:33 WHAT IS MR. DARCY, EXACTLY?
                                                                                      • 38:02 Goethe and Byron Got There First
                                                                                      • 38:23 Why Darcy Could Be Cherry-Picked and Reinvented
                                                                                      • 39:01 The Thing Most Authors Don't Do
                                                                                      • 39:20 Picaresque Heroes Never Learned Their Lessons
                                                                                      • 39:33 DARCY CHANGES — AND MOSTLY OFFSTAGE
                                                                                      • 40:03 Elizabeth Doesn't Change Him. She Shows Him Himself.
                                                                                      • 40:19 "The Lightning in a Bottle of Pride and Prejudice"
                                                                                      • 40:51 The Insulting Proposal, and Being Told to Get Knotted
                                                                                      • 41:13 The Long, Long Letter, and the Start of His Growth
                                                                                      • 41:28 Elizabeth as Revolutionary Heroine
                                                                                      • 41:43 WHY ROCHESTER AND HEATHCLIFF DON'T COUNT
                                                                                      • 41:49 Half Burnt to Death and Blinded
                                                                                      • 42:06 "Heathcliff Is Terrible. These Men Are Awful."
                                                                                      • 42:25 Darcy, Mrs. Bennet, and Parallel Bad Manners
                                                                                      • 42:41 MRS. BENNET WAS RIGHT ALL ALONG
                                                                                      • 42:58 Right About Bingley and Jane
                                                                                      • 43:11 The Entailed Estate, Five Daughters, and a Ticking Clock
                                                                                      • 43:30 LITERARY TOURISM — Why Go There at All?
                                                                                      • 43:45 Understanding the Physical World of the Author
                                                                                      • 44:15 Chawton Cottage, Restored
                                                                                      • 44:32 Chawton House, Barely Changed
                                                                                      • 44:45 Hampshire Villages, 200 Years On
                                                                                      • 44:57 Bath as a World Heritage Site, Frozen in Time
                                                                                      • 45:22 WALKING MILSOM STREET
                                                                                      • 45:43 The Very Facades Austen Saw
                                                                                      • 46:00 The Pump Rooms and the Old Theatre Royal
                                                                                      • 46:17 Why the Adaptations Use the Royal Crescent — And Why Jane Didn't Live There
                                                                                      • 46:36 Middle Class, Then Dropping Down After Her Father Died
                                                                                      • 46:57 SHE DIDN'T LIKE BATH — So Why Is It the Heart of the Pilgrimage?
                                                                                      • 47:41 Her Father's Death Colored Everything There
                                                                                      • 47:59 Densely Populated, Polluted, Unpleasant After Hampshire
                                                                                      • 48:20 Long Walks Up the Steep Hills for Fresh Air
                                                                                      • 48:29 But Bath Was Fertile — It Gave Her Tension and Conflict
                                                                                      • 48:40 Things Happen in Bath, and at the Seaside
                                                                                      • 49:21 "This Is Where Anne Elliot and Captain Wentworth Were Reunited"
                                                                                      • 49:49 The Light on the Bath Stone
                                                                                      • 50:15 The Avon Valley, and Why the Romans Settled Here
                                                                                      • 50:56 STRICTLY JANE AUSTEN — What Gabrielle Was Brought In to Build
                                                                                      • 51:35 Recruiting the Speakers and Specialists
                                                                                      • 51:41 The Gainsborough, and the Warm Spa Waters
                                                                                      • 52:04 Regency Costume, and Nobody Batting an Eyelid
                                                                                      • 52:33 Spending Time With the Experts, Not Just Hearing Them
                                                                                      • 53:06 Gill Hornby and the Miss Austen Connection
                                                                                      • 53:36 Friendships Built Over a Week
                                                                                      • 53:51 Booking a Package With an Expert Guide
                                                                                      • 54:09 Sydney Place, Gay Street, the Old Theatre Royal, Milsom Street
                                                                                      • 54:25 Where She Bought Her Walking Boots and Her Stationery
                                                                                      • 54:52 ADVICE FOR A FIRST AUSTEN PILGRIMAGE
                                                                                      • 55:06 Get a Couple of Hours With an Expert Guide First
                                                                                      • 55:26 Then Walk the City Yourself
                                                                                      • 55:56 St Swithin's — Where Her Parents Married and Her Father Is Buried
                                                                                      • 56:18 And Where Her Aunt Was Arrested for Shoplifting
                                                                                      • 56:31 Wrap-Up & Our Sponsor
                                                                                      • Video Version
                                                                                        59 min
                                                                                      • Strictly Jane Austen Episode 4: The People Who Made Jane Austen — The Crowded World Behind Six Perfect Novels

                                                                                        This is Episode 4 of a special six-part Jane Austen series, sponsored throughout by Strictly Jane Austen.

                                                                                        We tend to imagine great writers alone — a solitary genius at a small writing desk, which in Jane Austen's case is quite literally true; you can still see the little twelve-sided walnut table at Chawton. But nobody becomes Jane Austen alone, and behind those six perfect novels stands a whole crowded, noisy, loving and complicated world of people. Jonathan Thomas is joined by Theresa Roche, a Jane Austen speaker and one of Strictly Jane Austen's own Bath guides, who has mapped out the entire web of Jane's relationships: an orphaned clergyman father who gave his daughters a boys' education and 500 books to roam in; a sharp-witted mother who may well be the original of Mr. Woodhouse; an eldest brother whose Oxford magazine published Jane under an alliterative pseudonym before she was fifteen; a disabled brother she spoke to on her fingers; the brother who was handed three estates and without whom, Theresa argues, we would have no novels at all; a favorite brother who was a bit of a rogue and negotiated her publishing deals; two naval brothers who sailed into Mansfield Park; and the sister who was her whole heart and who burned most of her letters to protect her. Then the women beyond the family: a flamboyant French cousin presented at Marie Antoinette's court whose husband was guillotined, who hit it off with Jane instantly and died holding her hand; Martha Lloyd, who took on the housework so Jane could write and who ended up marrying Jane's brother and becoming Lady Austen; and Anne Sharp, a governess in financial limbo whom Jane befriended across a class line she was not supposed to cross. Plus the proposal Jane accepted one evening and fled the next morning, the Irishman she danced with and never forgot, and the clergyman at Sidmouth who may have been the love of her life and who died before anything could come of it.

                                                                                        🎀 OUR SPONSOR: STRICTLY JANE AUSTEN

                                                                                        This entire six-part series is brought to you by Strictly Jane Austen — Bath's most Austentatious travel company. Today's guest, Theresa Roche, is one of their Bath guides, so book a tour and you may well get her.

                                                                                        If this episode has put you in the mood to experience the Regency for yourself, there is no better way than stepping directly into Jane Austen's Bath with an expert guide. Strictly Jane Austen's award-winning tours bring Regency England to life through expertly guided walks, immersive storytelling, and carefully curated itineraries in Bath and beyond. Their guides are avid Janeites steeped in Regency knowledge — and, as Austen herself would have it, genuinely "clever, well-informed people."

                                                                                        What they offer:

                                                                                        • Expert Guided Tours of Jane Austen's Bath — Private walking tours through the streets Jane walked, led by expert Janeite guides
                                                                                        • Period Dress Hire & Afternoon Tea in Bath — Exquisite Regency costume delivered to your hotel, then promenade through Bath and take a sumptuous afternoon tea in a historic tearoom
                                                                                        • Bridgerton in Bath — A private tour of the city's Bridgerton filming locations and Regency high society
                                                                                        • Jane Austen & Bath's Gothic History Twilight Tour — Northanger Abbey, Frankenstein, and the darker side of Regency Bath
                                                                                        • Discovering Jane — A Three-Night Travel Experience in Bath & Hampshire — The full immersive short break, including Jane's Hampshire home and burial place
                                                                                        • Escape to Bath by Rail from London — Travel from Paddington to Austen's Bath in style
                                                                                        • Bespoke Group Tours of Bath & Hampshire — Built for individuals, couples, book clubs, and groups of any size
                                                                                        • Annual Jane Austen Celebrations — Dance, discussion and Regency merriment at the Gainsborough Bath Spa
                                                                                        • 🎁 Gift Vouchers — The perfect present for the Janeite in your life
                                                                                        • Book or learn more at strictlyjaneausten.com · Call +44 1225 333747 (Mon–Fri, 09:00–17:00 GMT)

                                                                                          Follow them: Instagram · Facebook

                                                                                          Winner, Bristol Bath & Somerset International Tourism Award 2025 (Bronze). Part of ECT Travel, a Bath-based tour operator running successful travel programs since 1993.

                                                                                          Links

                                                                                          Places in This Episode

                                                                                          • Jane Austen's House, Chawton — the cottage where the novels were written and published
                                                                                          • Jane Austen's writing table — the twelve-sided walnut table itself, with a 3D model you can spin
                                                                                          • Chawton House — Edward Austen Knight's "Great House," now home to early women's writing
                                                                                          • St Nicholas Church, Steventon — where the Reverend George Austen was rector
                                                                                          • Godmersham Park Heritage Centre, Kent — Edward's Kent estate
                                                                                          • Winchester Cathedral — Jane Austen — where she is buried, in the north nave aisle
                                                                                          • Tonbridge School, Kent — George Austen's school, paid for by his uncle Francis
                                                                                          • St Swithin's, Walcot, Bath — where George Austen and Cassandra Leigh married in 1764 (the present church is a later rebuild)
                                                                                          • Books & Further Reading

                                                                                            • Jane Austen's Letters, edited by Deirdre Le Faye — the surviving 161 letters, the primary source for almost everything in this episode
                                                                                            • Martha Lloyd's Household Book, edited by Julienne Gehrer — Martha's own recipe and household book, with a foreword by Deirdre Le Faye
                                                                                            • Miss Austen by Gill Hornby — the novel about Cassandra burning the letters
                                                                                            • Miss Austen on PBS Masterpiece — the television adaptation, with a second season announced
                                                                                            • Jane Austen's The History of England — British Library — inside "Volume the Second," Add MS 59874, with Cassandra's watercolor vignettes
                                                                                            • Lady Susan — the early novella Jane never published, possibly based on cousin Eliza
                                                                                            • Northanger Abbey · Sense and Sensibility · Pride and Prejudice · Mansfield Park · Emma · Persuasion
                                                                                            • Previous Episodes in This Series

                                                                                              • Robert Morrison on The Regency Years
                                                                                              • Dr. Moira Rudolf on the darker side of Georgian Bath
                                                                                              • Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm on Jane Austen's filming locations
                                                                                              • Anglotopia

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                                                                                                • Anglotopia Store
                                                                                                • Takeaways
                                                                                                  1. The Reverend George Austen was unusual among Georgian fathers, and Theresa thinks his own childhood explains why. Orphaned before he was nine, he depended entirely on the goodwill of an uncle who paid for Tonbridge School and then St John's College, Oxford, which he entered at sixteen. Family patronage secured him the parishes of Deane and Steventon. A man who had been lifted up by other people's generosity turned out to be generous with his daughters.
                                                                                                  2. Jane's mother, Cassandra Leigh, was the daughter of an Oxford fellow and her husband's intellectual equal — she taught the children to read and write, and wrote poems herself. She was also, Theresa notes, a hypochondriac. Between Mr. Woodhouse in Emma, the "valetudinarian," and Mary Musgrove in Persuasion, who is always ill, Jane appears to have been writing from life.
                                                                                                  3. Jane was published far earlier than most people realize. Her eldest brother James ran an Oxford periodical called The Loiterer, which carried a letter from a female contributor named "Sophia Sentiment" — and the alliteration, Theresa says, should make you smell a rat. It was Jane, probably around fourteen.
                                                                                                  4. Edward Austen was formally made heir to three vast estates — Steventon, Godmersham and Chawton — and it is Edward, Theresa argues, without whom we would have no novels at all, because it was his Chawton cottage that eventually gave Jane a settled home to write in.
                                                                                                  5. Cassandra burned most of Jane's roughly 3,000 letters, leaving 161. Theresa's explanation is protective rather than sinister: Jane wrote devastating things to her sister, including, on hearing of an acquaintance's miscarriage, "she must have looked at her husband." Cassandra was shielding the nieces and nephews — and Jane's reputation as the sweet-tempered woman described on her tombstone.
                                                                                                  6. Cassandra, not Jane, was the one who sparkled. She was the beauty, the one with the engagement, a gifted watercolorist, "the man magnet." Jane was in the shadows — and Theresa suggests Jane Bennet in Pride and Prejudice is Cassandra.
                                                                                                  7. Jane's world was far less narrow than the "one or two families in a country village" criticism suggests. Her cousin Eliza de Feuillide was raised in India, presented at the French court, knew Marie Antoinette and the Princesse de Lamballe, and married a French nobleman who was guillotined. Jane heard about the run-up to the Revolution firsthand, in a Hampshire parsonage.
                                                                                                  8. In December 1802 the Bigg sisters invited Jane to Manydown, and on her first night their younger brother Harris Bigg-Wither proposed. She accepted — then changed her mind overnight and left the next morning. By her own later account to her nieces and nephews, she had accepted because the house was big enough to shelter her mother, Cassandra and Martha Lloyd if her father died. Theresa strongly suspects the sisters engineered the whole thing.
                                                                                                  9. Martha Lloyd and Cassandra made a conscious decision at Chawton to take on the housework so Jane could write. These were two women who believed in her talent and wanted her published. Martha later married Jane's brother Francis — Jane and Cassandra had tried to matchmake them thirty years earlier — and eventually became Lady Austen.
                                                                                                  10. Theresa's answer to why Jane never married has several strands: no dowry at twenty, the marriage of convenience she considered and then refused, the Sidmouth clergyman who died, the Anglican vow to obey a husband who might forbid her to write, and a suspicion that she wanted a man as liberal and forward-thinking as her father. Above all, her family's imagination and liberality let her make money by her own hand, which Theresa calls revolutionary for a lady of her class.
                                                                                                  11. Soundbites
                                                                                                    1. "It is quite a shocking fact that the Reverend George Austen was orphaned before his ninth birthday." — Theresa on the childhood that may explain why Jane's father was so unlike other Georgian fathers.
                                                                                                    2. "The atmosphere in which Jane would have grown up is fiercely intellectual — almost carelessly intellectual. She is steeped in it from the beginning."
                                                                                                    3. "The name of this female contributor was alliterative. Now, doesn't that make you smell a rat when I mention alliteration? The name of the contributor was Sophia Sentiment." — Theresa on Jane being published in her brother's Oxford magazine as a teenager.
                                                                                                    4. "One of her letters refers to using her fingers to speak to George. She and Cassandra used sign language to speak to their brother George. So make of that what you will." — Theresa on Jane's disabled brother.
                                                                                                    5. "She told Cassandra that someone they knew had had a miscarriage, and Jane Austen wrote: she must have looked at her husband." — Theresa on why Cassandra burned the letters.
                                                                                                    6. "Jane was the one in the shadows. Cassandra was the man magnet. I think Cassandra sparkled, and I think Jane was overshadowed."
                                                                                                    7. "Our brother Harris has just turned twenty-one. He's not good looking, he's socially gauche. No one else is going to have him. They would be an ideal match. I could be wrong, but I don't think I am. It's a very girly type thing to do — okay, they're both strays, let's match them up." — Theresa on who she thinks arranged the proposal at Manydown.
                                                                                                    8. "I was in love with Jane Austen when I was a young man, but it was a boyish type of love." — Thomas Lefroy, as an old man and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, quoted by Theresa.
                                                                                                    9. "What you've got here are two women who believe in Jane's talent. And they want to encourage it. They want to get her published." — Theresa on Cassandra and Martha Lloyd taking on the housework at Chawton.
                                                                                                    10. "She didn't come from nowhere. She came from a highly erudite, sophisticated family that was infused with a very strong Anglican Christian faith."
                                                                                                    11. Chapters
                                                                                                      • 00:21 Welcome to the Anglotopia Podcast
                                                                                                      • 00:28 Our Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen
                                                                                                      • 01:05 Today's Subject — Nobody Becomes Jane Austen Alone
                                                                                                      • 01:13 The Twelve-Sided Walnut Table at Chawton
                                                                                                      • 01:51 Meet Theresa Roche
                                                                                                      • 02:16 THE REVEREND GEORGE AUSTEN — A Different Kind of Georgian Father
                                                                                                      • 02:25 Orphaned Before Nine, and Dependent on Uncle Francis
                                                                                                      • 02:44 Tonbridge School, Then Oxford at Sixteen
                                                                                                      • 02:59 CASSANDRA LEIGH — Daughter of an Oxford Fellow
                                                                                                      • 03:43 Meeting in a Hive of Learning
                                                                                                      • 03:56 Married in Bath, 1764, at St Swithin's
                                                                                                      • 04:12 Deane and Steventon — Family Patronage at Work
                                                                                                      • 05:10 Steventon, Where Jane Is Born
                                                                                                      • 05:21 A Fiercely, Almost Carelessly Intellectual Household
                                                                                                      • 05:38 The Mother Who Taught Them to Read and Write
                                                                                                      • 05:52 A HYPOCHONDRIAC IN THE FAMILY — And Mr. Woodhouse
                                                                                                      • 06:07 "Valetudinarian" — Jane Writing From Life
                                                                                                      • 06:48 THE BROTHERS — James, the Eldest, and The Loiterer
                                                                                                      • 07:05 Sophia Sentiment — Jane Published Before Fifteen
                                                                                                      • 07:46 George — The Disabled Brother, and Speaking on Her Fingers
                                                                                                      • 08:10 Edward — Lucky Edward, Heir to Three Estates
                                                                                                      • 08:44 Henry — The Favorite Brother, the Rogue, and Frank Churchill
                                                                                                      • 09:21 Henry Negotiates His Little Sister's Publishing Deals
                                                                                                      • 09:37 CASSANDRA — Born 1773, and Jane Bennet
                                                                                                      • 09:57 One Bedroom for Forty-One Years, and Three Thousand Letters
                                                                                                      • 10:09 The Burning — And Why Cassandra Did It
                                                                                                      • 10:39 "She Must Have Looked at Her Husband"
                                                                                                      • 11:17 Protecting the Nieces, Nephews and a Reputation
                                                                                                      • 11:22 Cassandra Sparkled and Jane Was Overshadowed
                                                                                                      • 11:43 The History of England and Cassandra's Watercolors
                                                                                                      • 12:17 Francis and Charles — The Naval Brothers
                                                                                                      • 12:49 Trinkets From Sea, and Fanny Price's Brother William
                                                                                                      • 13:17 JANE'S EDUCATION — Formal Schooling Ends at Eleven
                                                                                                      • 13:36 Homeschooled by Her Father, and a Library of 500 Books
                                                                                                      • 13:58 Begging to Go With Cassie — The First School
                                                                                                      • 14:28 TYPHUS AT SOUTHAMPTON — And the Girl Who Wrote Home
                                                                                                      • 15:13 Jane Cooper Saves Them, and Her Mother Dies of It
                                                                                                      • 15:47 The Abbey School, Reading
                                                                                                      • 16:07 Christmas 1786 — The School Fees Run Out
                                                                                                      • 16:18 Parlour Boarders — Why the Girls Were Sent Away at All
                                                                                                      • 16:45 Homeschooled Almost the Same as the Boys
                                                                                                      • 17:15 AUNT PHILLY ARRIVES — 1786
                                                                                                      • 17:33 Philadelphia Austen, the Milliner Who Went to India for a Husband
                                                                                                      • 18:03 Shipped Out as Brides — A Georgian Mail-Order System
                                                                                                      • 18:37 Tysoe Hancock, and the Warren Hastings Rumor
                                                                                                      • 19:02 ELIZA DE FEUILLIDE — The Glamorous French Cousin
                                                                                                      • 19:40 India, Then France
                                                                                                      • 20:03 Presented at Marie Antoinette's Court
                                                                                                      • 20:57 A French Nobleman, and the Guillotine
                                                                                                      • 21:15 Is Jane Austen's Range Really Too Narrow?
                                                                                                      • 21:37 Flamboyant, Elegant, and Fluent in Court Fashion
                                                                                                      • 22:53 Mary Crawford's Harp in Mansfield Park
                                                                                                      • 23:19 Lady Susan — The Novel She Never Published
                                                                                                      • 23:33 Eliza Dies of Breast Cancer in 1813, With Jane Holding Her Hand
                                                                                                      • 23:51 Not a Lonely Artist — A Woman of Bosom Friendships
                                                                                                      • 24:25 MARTHA LLOYD — Ten Years Older, and an Influencer
                                                                                                      • 25:56 All-Night Dances at Basingstoke, and Talking Till Dawn
                                                                                                      • 26:24 Jane's Matchmaking — Mr. W, and Then Brother Francis
                                                                                                      • 27:45 Thirty Years Later, Francis Marries Martha
                                                                                                      • 28:50 She Becomes Lady Austen — Neat Circularity
                                                                                                      • 28:27 ANNE SHARP — The Governess
                                                                                                      • 29:16 A Governess's Income, and the Class Lines Jane Ignored
                                                                                                      • 29:29 Anglican Faith, Charity, and Administering the Poor Law
                                                                                                      • 30:22 Why Jane Connected With Her — Fanny Knight and Plays
                                                                                                      • 30:55 A Presentation Copy of Emma
                                                                                                      • 31:12 Did Cassandra Disapprove? A Lock of Jane's Hair Suggests Not
                                                                                                      • 32:30 THE BIGG SISTERS OF MANYDOWN
                                                                                                      • 32:46 1802 — The Invitation, and the Proposal on the First Night
                                                                                                      • 33:04 Theresa's Theory: The Sisters Arranged It
                                                                                                      • 33:43 She Accepted, Then Changed Her Mind Overnight
                                                                                                      • 33:58 Why She Said Yes — A House Big Enough for Everyone
                                                                                                      • 34:32 What Cassandra Might Have Said That Night
                                                                                                      • 34:54 Sent Away Immediately — And Catherine Morland in Northanger Abbey
                                                                                                      • 35:33 Two Brothers in Love With the Same Cousin
                                                                                                      • 36:11 The Rift With the Biggs, and the Honest Opinions Jane Valued
                                                                                                      • 36:51 THOMAS LEFROY — 1795, and an All-Night Dance
                                                                                                      • 37:04 White Soup at Midnight, Carriages at Six
                                                                                                      • 37:22 Dancing With the Limerick-Born Anglo-Irishman
                                                                                                      • 38:04 Flirtation or Romance? Theresa Makes the Case
                                                                                                      • 38:59 Why It Was Never Realistic
                                                                                                      • 39:28 Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, and "a Boyish Type of Love"
                                                                                                      • 40:42 THE MAN NOBODY TALKS ABOUT — Sidmouth, 1801
                                                                                                      • 41:08 A Clergyman Cassandra Said Was Perfect for Jane
                                                                                                      • 41:39 The Letter With the Black Wax Seal
                                                                                                      • 42:07 CHAWTON — Where the Books Finally Get Published
                                                                                                      • 42:25 Martha and Cassandra Take On the Housework
                                                                                                      • 42:47 Self-Publishing Sense and Sensibility, 1811
                                                                                                      • 43:19 MARY BENN — The Poor Neighbor Jane Was Kind To
                                                                                                      • 44:21 January 1813 — Collier's Coach Brings Pride and Prejudice
                                                                                                      • 44:43 Reading It Aloud to Miss Benn, Who Doesn't Know
                                                                                                      • 45:26 "I Like Elizabeth Very, Very Much"
                                                                                                      • 45:34 "Mother Didn't Read the Parts Properly"
                                                                                                      • 45:54 Did Austen Ignore the Poor? Emma and Mr. Knightley's Apples
                                                                                                      • 46:25 Miss Bates, and the Word "Prosing"
                                                                                                      • 46:43 SO WHY DIDN'T SHE MARRY?
                                                                                                      • 46:51 No Dowry, and Not a Great Catch at Twenty
                                                                                                      • 47:05 The Marriage of Convenience — and Charlotte Lucas
                                                                                                      • 47:33 The Vow to Obey, and an American Tourist's Confession
                                                                                                      • 48:24 A Husband Might Not Let Her Write
                                                                                                      • 48:35 Did She Want a Man as Liberal as Her Father?
                                                                                                      • 48:49 Austen's Paternalistic Heroes — Knightley, Brandon, Tilney
                                                                                                      • 49:27 She Didn't Want to Compromise
                                                                                                      • 49:53 Making Money by Her Own Hand — Revolutionary for Her Class
                                                                                                      • 50:35 WAS HER RANGE REALLY TOO NARROW?
                                                                                                      • 50:50 Brothers Active Against Slavery, and Thomas Clarkson
                                                                                                      • 51:04 First-Hand Accounts of the French Court
                                                                                                      • 51:25 Chawton on an Arterial Road From London
                                                                                                      • 52:03 A Pervasive Christian Ambience From Day One
                                                                                                      • 52:52 "Take Them to Ireland, But Don't Go There With Them"
                                                                                                      • 53:12 A World in Flux — Industrial Revolution, Napoleon, 1776
                                                                                                      • 53:48 A Family With Enough Imagination to Let Her Write
                                                                                                      • 54:20 "A Single Woman of Good Fortune Is Always Respectable"
                                                                                                      • 54:35 Wrap-Up & Our Sponsor
                                                                                                      • Video Version
                                                                                                        57 min
                                                                                                      • What’s On in London in October 2026 — New Exhibitions, Half Term & What to Pack

                                                                                                        Tomorrow is October 1st, which means it's time for the monthly What's On in London — and October might be Jonathan's single favorite month to be in the city. The summer crowds have gone, prices have softened, the museums have hung their big autumn blockbusters, and the parks turn gold. It's the month the locals quietly love and the guidebooks tend to ignore. In this solo episode Jonathan runs through everything opening this month: Renoir and Love at the National Gallery, the British Museum's sweeping Korea, Painting the French Riviera at the Royal Academy, Hokusai's Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji out at Dulwich, Tim Walker's Fairyland at the National Portrait Gallery, The 90s: Art and Fashion at Tate Britain, a completely free Freddie Mercury display at the V&A, and Agatha Christie: A World of Mystery at the British Library. He covers the one big exhibition closing mid-month — Anish Kapoor at the Hayward, gone after the 18th — and the single most important date in the episode: October 21st, when the British Museum releases Bayeux Tapestry tickets for January to March 2027, the only realistic shot left for anyone visiting in that window. Then the practical half: what half term actually means for visitors and how to use it to your advantage, spooky-season programming from Historic Royal Palaces to the Mail Rail tunnels to Hidden London's Clapham South deep-level shelter, why you should pack for wet rather than cold, when the clocks go back and the transatlantic time muddle that follows, and the best thing happening in London this month, which costs nothing at all. Editor’s Note: I have the BST/US Daylight Saving Time change backward, and it’s BST to GMT.

                                                                                                        Links

                                                                                                        Opening This Month

                                                                                                        • Renoir and Love — The National Gallery — from 3 October, runs to 31 January. Book a time slot; October may already be full.
                                                                                                        • Korea — The British Museum — 1 October to 31 January (gallery closed 1–2 December for a rotation of light-sensitive works)
                                                                                                        • Painting the French Riviera — Royal Academy of Arts — 2 October to 31 January; 160+ works, 1870s–1960s
                                                                                                        • Hokusai: Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji from the Iuchi Collection — Dulwich Picture Gallery — 20 October to 17 January; all 46 prints, a UK first
                                                                                                        • Tim Walker's Fairyland: Love and Legends — National Portrait Gallery — 8 October to 7 February
                                                                                                        • The 90s: Art and Fashion — Tate Britain — 8 October to 14 February; curated by Edward Enninful
                                                                                                        • Freddie Mercury | Splendid Things — V&A South Kensington — from 24 October, free, no booking needed
                                                                                                        • Agatha Christie: A World of Mystery — British Library — 30 October to 20 June 2027
                                                                                                        • Agatha Christie exhibition preview — Londontopia
                                                                                                        • The Bayeux Tapestry

                                                                                                          • The Bayeux Tapestry — The British Museum — 10 September 2026 to 11 July 2027. Tickets through 31 December are sold out. Tickets for 1 January–31 March 2027 go on sale 21 October 2026. April–July 2027 opens in early 2027.
                                                                                                          • Britain's Bayeux Tapestry replica — Reading Museum — the full-size Victorian replica, free entry, no booking frenzy required
                                                                                                          • The story of Britain's Bayeux Tapestry — Reading Museum
                                                                                                          • Closing This Month

                                                                                                            • Anish Kapoor — Hayward Gallery, Southbank Centre — closes 18 October. Extended hours to 9pm on select Wednesdays, Fridays and weekends through the final week.
                                                                                                            • Half Term & Spooky Season

                                                                                                              • Historic Royal Palaces — What's On
                                                                                                              • Mail Rail — The Postal Museum — ride the abandoned Royal Mail railway 21m below Mount Pleasant
                                                                                                              • Clapham South: Ghosts of the Underground — Hidden London — 21 October to 1 November. Note: aimed primarily at adults, minimum age 10.
                                                                                                              • Aldwych: The End of the Line — Family Tour — Hidden London — the actually family-friendly Hidden London option, from 21 October
                                                                                                              • Hidden London — London Transport Museum
                                                                                                              • Theater & Music

                                                                                                                • Hamlet Hail to the Thief — Barbican — 31 October to 23 January; Thom Yorke's reworking of the Radiohead album, performed live
                                                                                                                • Royal Albert Hall — What's On
                                                                                                                • Southbank Centre — Classical Music
                                                                                                                • Also Mentioned

                                                                                                                  • John Constable: Views of Nature — The British Museum — closes 4 October, so this is the last weekend
                                                                                                                  • John Constable: Views of Nature visitor guide — Londontopia
                                                                                                                  • Emery Walker's House, Hammersmith — where last month's episode was recorded. Season runs March–November; guided tours only, pre-booked.
                                                                                                                  • Dulwich Picture Gallery — England's oldest public picture gallery
                                                                                                                  • Plan Your Trip with Londontopia

                                                                                                                    • The London Events Guide — our independent guide to what's actually on
                                                                                                                    • What's On in London Today
                                                                                                                    • What's On in London This Weekend
                                                                                                                    • Free Things to Do in London Today
                                                                                                                    • Cheap Things to Do in London This Week
                                                                                                                    • Autumn in London — The Complete Guide, September to November 2026
                                                                                                                    • The free Anglotopia mobile app — on the Apple App Store and Google Play. Read Anglotopia, Londontopia and Royaltopia, browse the events guide by day, and access the Club if you're a member.
                                                                                                                    • Anglotopia

                                                                                                                      • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                                                                                      • Anglotopia Store
                                                                                                                      • Takeaways
                                                                                                                        1. October is shoulder season, and that is the whole argument for going. The summer crowds are gone, prices have softened, the museums have hung their autumn blockbusters, and the parks are turning. If Jonathan had to pick two months for the best combination of things to do and tolerable weather, he'd pick October and March.
                                                                                                                        2. This is the month London's museums roll out their heavy hitters — shows that then run right through winter. If you're visiting any time between now and the new year, these are the exhibitions to build a day around, and several opened specifically because September's shows closed to make room.
                                                                                                                        3. Renoir and Love at the National Gallery is likely the autumn's biggest draw, and Renoir is a reliable crowd-pleaser. Book a timed slot in advance — October may already be sold out, so check before you build a day around it.
                                                                                                                        4. The single most important date in this episode is October 21st, when the British Museum releases Bayeux Tapestry tickets for January to March 2027. Everything through the end of December sold out on day one. Expect an hours-long online waiting room, and set an alarm.
                                                                                                                        5. If the Bayeux scramble doesn't appeal, there are alternatives. The tapestry returns to Bayeux in France late next year, and Reading Museum has Britain's own full-size Victorian replica — 70 meters, embroidered in the 1880s — which you can see any time, for free, with no waiting room.
                                                                                                                        6. Only one major show closes this month, but it's a significant one: Anish Kapoor at the Hayward Gallery ends on October 18th. The Hayward is running extended hours to 9pm on select days in the final stretch. Jonathan notes Chicago has its own Kapoor — Cloud Gate, better known as the Bean.
                                                                                                                        7. Late October is half term, roughly the 26th to the 30th, and it collides with Halloween. If you're traveling with children, it's a wonderful time to be in London. If you aren't, expect children everywhere, especially at the free attractions.
                                                                                                                        8. Half term also means deals most American visitors never think to look for — on train tickets, admissions, and family packages. Knowing the British school calendar is a genuine travel hack.
                                                                                                                        9. Pack for wet, not for cold. October is typically London's second wettest month. It's rarely freezing, but it's damp, gray and prone to rain, so a properly waterproof outer layer, waterproof shoes and an umbrella will serve you better than a heavy winter coat. Layers underneath.
                                                                                                                        10. The best thing happening in London this month is free and isn't in a gallery: autumn color in the parks. Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park, Hampstead Heath, Richmond and Kew. One caveat Jonathan adds from his September visit — the parks were badly parched from the drought and some trees were already dropping leaves, so how good the color gets remains to be seen.
                                                                                                                        11. Soundbites
                                                                                                                          1. "It's the month the locals quietly love and the guidebooks kind of ignore, because it's shoulder season." — Jonathan on why October is underrated.
                                                                                                                          2. "October is when London's museums roll out their heavy hitters — the blockbuster exhibitions that will run right through the winter."
                                                                                                                          3. "Unfortunately, if you didn't book your tickets when they went on sale a few months ago, you will not be seeing the Bayeux Tapestry this October, because they have been sold out since that first day."
                                                                                                                          4. "If you're gonna be in London from January to March, then you need to set an alarm, and this is your shot to get tickets. There will be an hours-long waiting room." — Jonathan on the October 21st ticket release.
                                                                                                                          5. "We even have an Anish Kapoor in Chicago. It's the Cloud Gate — the Bean."
                                                                                                                          6. "What do parents love to do on half term? They love to take them to the free attractions, so that they have something to do to kill the time between school holidays."
                                                                                                                          7. "People pack for cold, but the thing that'll actually get you in October is wet. It's not usually freezing — it's damp, gray, and prone to rain." — Jonathan's single most useful piece of packing advice.
                                                                                                                          8. "That's why it's great to have a smartphone, because the smartphone figures it out for you. But your body clock never figures it out." — Jonathan on the transatlantic clock-change muddle.
                                                                                                                          9. "The single most beautiful thing happening in the city this month is completely free, and it isn't in a gallery. And that is London in October."
                                                                                                                          10. "Go for a long walk in a royal park on a crisp October morning, and you'll understand why Londoners secretly love this month the most."
                                                                                                                          11. Chapters
                                                                                                                            • 00:21 Welcome to the Anglotopia Podcast
                                                                                                                            • 00:30 It's October 1st — Time for the Monthly What's On
                                                                                                                            • 00:43 Last Month at Emery Walker's House, This Month from the Star Trek Office
                                                                                                                            • 01:05 Why October Is a Fantastic Time to Go to London
                                                                                                                            • 01:38 Shoulder Season — Crowds Gone, Prices Softened, Parks Turning
                                                                                                                            • 02:06 The Month Locals Love and the Guidebooks Ignore
                                                                                                                            • 02:15 BLOCKBUSTER EXHIBITIONS OPENING
                                                                                                                            • 02:43 Renoir and Love — National Gallery, from October 3rd
                                                                                                                            • 03:04 Book Ahead — October May Already Be Full
                                                                                                                            • 03:14 Korea — British Museum, from October 1st
                                                                                                                            • 03:34 Painting the French Riviera — Royal Academy, from October 2nd
                                                                                                                            • 03:53 Hokusai: Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji — Dulwich, from October 20th
                                                                                                                            • 04:14 Tim Walker's Fairyland — National Portrait Gallery, from October 8th
                                                                                                                            • 04:34 The 90s: Art and Fashion — Tate Britain, from October 8th
                                                                                                                            • 04:59 Freddie Mercury: Splendid Things — V&A, Free, from October 24th
                                                                                                                            • 05:13 Agatha Christie: A World of Mystery — British Library, from October 30th
                                                                                                                            • 05:34 THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY — Sold Out Since Day One
                                                                                                                            • 05:57 October 21st: The Ticket Release for January to March 2027
                                                                                                                            • 06:15 Set an Alarm — There Will Be an Hours-Long Waiting Room
                                                                                                                            • 06:27 The Alternatives — Bayeux in France, and the Reading Replica
                                                                                                                            • 06:56 CLOSING THIS MONTH — Anish Kapoor at the Hayward, October 18th
                                                                                                                            • 07:19 Late Openings in the Final Week
                                                                                                                            • 07:25 The Anish Kapoor in Chicago — Cloud Gate, the Bean
                                                                                                                            • 07:35 HALF TERM — What It Is and Why It Matters
                                                                                                                            • 07:47 It Collides Beautifully with Halloween
                                                                                                                            • 08:04 The Dates, and Family Programming Everywhere
                                                                                                                            • 08:17 Half Term Deals Most Americans Don't Know to Look For
                                                                                                                            • 08:39 Historic Royal Palaces Lean Into Spooky Season
                                                                                                                            • 08:54 Mail Rail — Walking the Abandoned Postal Railway
                                                                                                                            • 09:07 Hidden London — The Clapham South Deep-Level Shelters
                                                                                                                            • 09:36 Wartime Tunnels, Windrush Migrants, and a Spooky Season Tour
                                                                                                                            • 09:45 Hamlet Hail to the Thief — Barbican, from Halloween Night
                                                                                                                            • 10:10 Classical Music After the Proms
                                                                                                                            • 10:31 THE PRACTICAL HALF — What's the Weather Actually Like?
                                                                                                                            • 10:40 Why People Pack Wrong for October
                                                                                                                            • 11:01 October Is London's Second Wettest Month
                                                                                                                            • 11:11 Pack for Wet, Not for Cold
                                                                                                                            • 11:40 Jonathan's Own Late-September Experience
                                                                                                                            • 12:19 What to Actually Put in the Suitcase
                                                                                                                            • 12:30 THE CLOCKS GO BACK — October 25th
                                                                                                                            • 12:54 Dark by Five, and Four Thirty by December
                                                                                                                            • 13:39 The Transatlantic Time Muddle
                                                                                                                            • 13:31 How the Weather's Actually Been Running
                                                                                                                            • 14:09 THE BEST THING IN LONDON THIS MONTH IS FREE
                                                                                                                            • 14:25 Autumn Color in the Parks — The Real Event
                                                                                                                            • 14:49 Why Londoners Secretly Love This Month Most
                                                                                                                            • 15:07 The Drought, and What It Did to the Parks
                                                                                                                            • 15:44 Is October a Good Month to Visit London?
                                                                                                                            • 15:52 October and March — Jonathan's Two Picks
                                                                                                                            • 16:11 The Summer Crowds Are Gone and the City Belongs to Londoners
                                                                                                                            • 16:46 The West End
                                                                                                                            • 17:04 THE LONDONTOPIA EVENTS GUIDE
                                                                                                                            • 17:11 Why We Built It — There Wasn't a Good Independent One
                                                                                                                            • 18:26 The Free Mobile App, and Browsing Events by Day
                                                                                                                            • 19:01 Nearly a Thousand Events in the Database
                                                                                                                            • 19:45 Wrap-Up
                                                                                                                            • 19:55 Subscribe & Join the Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                                                                                            • Video Version
                                                                                                                              21 min
                                                                                                                            • Strictly Jane Austen Episode 3: Jane Austen’s England on Screen – A Location-by-Location Visitor’s Guide

                                                                                                                              This is Episode 3 of a special six-part Jane Austen series, sponsored throughout by Strictly Jane Austen.

                                                                                                                              When we picture Jane Austen's world, most of us aren't actually picturing Hampshire in 1810 — we're picturing a television program. Colin Firth striding out of a lake. Keira Knightley on a windswept crag. A proposal in the pouring rain in front of a domed temple. The great screen adaptations gave Austen's imagined places real addresses, and this episode maps them out house by house. Jonathan Thomas is joined by Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm — author, leading expert on Austen fan culture and literary tourism, and creative director at Strictly Jane Austen — who has interviewed the people who actually made the 1995 Pride and Prejudice and knows exactly which door is which. They cover why 1995 changed everything (before it, every adaptation was studio-bound), Simon Langton's instruction to "throw open the drawing room doors," and the hierarchy of houses the production had to find: Luckington Court as Longbourn, Edgcote House as Netherfield, Lyme Park and Sudbury Hall as Pemberley, and the village of Lacock as Meryton. Along the way: the message Susannah Harker sent Gabrielle about the summer of 1994; the choreographer who poured Coca-Cola on Edgcote's polished floors so the cast wouldn't slip; the truth about who actually dived into that lake, and where the underwater shots were really filmed; why Chatsworth is arguably too grand even for Mr. Darcy; the Wilton Diptych and how Wilton House saved it; Stourhead's Arcadian fantasy gardens; and Barton Cottage on the Flete Estate in South Devon, with a five-bedroom "cottage," only two servants, and a Ferrars family named after a nearby Devon village. Most usefully of all, Gabrielle explains which of these places you can actually get into, which ones you can only nose around on an estate agent's website, and how to string the best of them together into one Wiltshire trip.

                                                                                                                              🎀 OUR SPONSOR: STRICTLY JANE AUSTEN

                                                                                                                              This entire six-part series is brought to you by Strictly Jane Austen — Bath's most Austentatious travel company. Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm, today's guest, is their creative director.

                                                                                                                              If this episode has you dreaming of an Austen pilgrimage, there is no better way to begin than stepping directly into Jane Austen's Bath with an expert guide. Strictly Jane Austen's award-winning tours bring Regency England to life through expertly guided walks, immersive storytelling, and carefully curated itineraries in Bath and beyond — including the Wiltshire locations discussed in this episode, which, as Gabrielle points out, are very hard to reach without a car. Their guides are avid Janeites steeped in Regency knowledge — and, as Austen herself would have it, genuinely "clever, well-informed people."

                                                                                                                              What they offer:

                                                                                                                              • Expert Guided Tours of Jane Austen's Bath — Private walking tours through the streets Jane walked, led by expert Janeite guides
                                                                                                                              • Period Dress Hire & Afternoon Tea in Bath — Exquisite Regency costume delivered to your hotel, then promenade through Bath and take a sumptuous afternoon tea in a historic tearoom
                                                                                                                              • Bridgerton in Bath — A private tour of the city's Bridgerton filming locations and Regency high society
                                                                                                                              • Jane Austen & Bath's Gothic History Twilight Tour — Northanger Abbey, Frankenstein, and the darker side of Regency Bath
                                                                                                                              • Discovering Jane — A Three-Night Travel Experience in Bath & Hampshire — The full immersive short break, including Jane's Hampshire home and burial place
                                                                                                                              • Escape to Bath by Rail from London — Travel from Paddington to Austen's Bath in style
                                                                                                                              • Bespoke Group Tours of Bath & Hampshire — Built for individuals, couples, book clubs, and groups of any size
                                                                                                                              • Annual Jane Austen Celebrations — Dance, discussion and Regency merriment at the Gainsborough Bath Spa
                                                                                                                              • 🎁 Gift Vouchers — The perfect present for the Janeite in your life
                                                                                                                              • Book or learn more at strictlyjaneausten.com · Call +44 1225 333747 (Mon–Fri, 09:00–17:00 GMT)

                                                                                                                                Follow them: Instagram · Facebook

                                                                                                                                Winner, Bristol Bath & Somerset International Tourism Award 2025 (Bronze). Part of ECT Travel, a Bath-based tour operator running successful travel programs since 1993.

                                                                                                                                Links

                                                                                                                                Our Guest

                                                                                                                                • Strictly Jane Austen — where Gabrielle is creative director
                                                                                                                                • There's Something About Darcy: The Curious Appeal of Jane Austen's Bewitching Hero by Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm
                                                                                                                                • Gabrielle Malcolm on Goodreads
                                                                                                                                • Longbourn — Luckington Court, Wiltshire (private; not open to the public)

                                                                                                                                  • Luckington Court — listed building record and history
                                                                                                                                  • Luckington Court listed at £9m — The Spaces
                                                                                                                                  • Luckington Court reduced to £5m — Great British Life
                                                                                                                                  • Netherfield — Edgcote House, Northamptonshire (private; not open to the public)

                                                                                                                                    • Edgcote House and estate for sale — Country & Town House
                                                                                                                                    • The 1,700-acre Edgcote estate at £45m — Robb Report
                                                                                                                                    • Edgcote House — Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record
                                                                                                                                    • Pemberley, 1995 — Lyme Park & Sudbury Hall

                                                                                                                                      • Lyme, Cheshire — National Trust (exteriors, and the lake)
                                                                                                                                      • Stay on the Lyme estate — Lyme East Lodge · Lyme West Lodge
                                                                                                                                      • The Children's Country House at Sudbury — National Trust (interiors)
                                                                                                                                      • Elstree Studios — where the underwater tank shots were filmed
                                                                                                                                      • Meryton — Lacock, Wiltshire

                                                                                                                                        • Lacock village and Lacock Abbey — National Trust
                                                                                                                                        • The Red Lion, Lacock — the Meryton assembly rooms, and you can eat and stay there
                                                                                                                                        • Fox Talbot Museum, Lacock — birthplace of the photographic negative
                                                                                                                                        • Pemberley, 2005 — Chatsworth & Wilton House

                                                                                                                                          • Chatsworth House, Derbyshire
                                                                                                                                          • Wilton House, near Salisbury — seat of the Earls of Pembroke
                                                                                                                                          • The Wilton Diptych — The National Gallery
                                                                                                                                          • Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire — National Trust — Bess of Hardwick's own house
                                                                                                                                          • Stourhead

                                                                                                                                            • Stourhead, Wiltshire — National Trust
                                                                                                                                            • Stay on the Stourhead estate — National Trust holiday cottages in Wiltshire
                                                                                                                                            • Barton Cottage — Flete Estate, South Devon (private; not open to the public)

                                                                                                                                              • The Flete Estate — and its holiday cottages
                                                                                                                                              • Sense and Sensibility filming locations — Visit South Devon
                                                                                                                                              • Also Mentioned

                                                                                                                                                • Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
                                                                                                                                                • Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen
                                                                                                                                                • Visit Wiltshire
                                                                                                                                                • Previous episodes in this series: Robert Morrison on The Regency Years; Dr. Moira Rudolf on the darker side of Georgian Bath
                                                                                                                                                • Anglotopia

                                                                                                                                                  • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                                                                                                                  • Anglotopia Store
                                                                                                                                                  • Takeaways
                                                                                                                                                    1. Filming locations only really became a thing with the 1995 Pride and Prejudice. Every earlier BBC version — including a 1950s television adaptation with Peter Cushing as Darcy, a late-1960s version, and a 1980 production — was studio-bound, with painted backdrops beyond the windows. Simon Langton's instruction, as he told Gabrielle himself, was to "throw open the drawing room doors" and take Austen out into the countryside.
                                                                                                                                                    2. The production had to fill a hierarchy of houses, because status is the language of Pride and Prejudice. Mrs. Bennet's chatter about which local estates could be rented is a status conversation, so the houses on screen had to be graded exactly right: Longbourn, then Netherfield, then Pemberley at the top.
                                                                                                                                                    3. Longbourn is Luckington Court in Wiltshire, near Chippenham on the edge of the Cotswolds — a golden Cotswold-stone Georgian house with a 17th-century dovecote and formal gardens where the Bennet sisters walk and Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth. You can't visit, but it has been on the market three times in six years, most recently in December 2025, so you can tour the interiors via the estate agents and a House & Garden feature. It started at £9 million and was most recently listed at £4 million.
                                                                                                                                                    4. Susannah Harker, who played Jane Bennet, sent Gabrielle a message for this episode about the summer of 1994 at Luckington Court. She keeps a photograph of the Georgian hallway window by her bedside — she was pregnant during filming with her son Finley, now a theater director who has himself directed Pride and Prejudice on stage at 30.
                                                                                                                                                    5. Netherfield is Edgcote House in Northamptonshire — grander and more splendid than Luckington, exactly as Bingley's rented estate should be. If Elizabeth actually walked from Longbourn to Netherfield, it would be roughly 300 miles. Edgcote is a 25,900-square-foot Georgian mansion on a full estate with a farm, 31 houses, cottages and flats, formal gardens, pleasure grounds and a lake, currently seeking offers above £45 million.
                                                                                                                                                    6. The dance choreographer poured Coca-Cola on Edgcote's beautifully polished wooden floors to make them sticky enough that the cast's shoes wouldn't slip during the Netherfield ball — then buffed it all off afterward. The cast spent weeks learning the formal Georgian dance sets, which Susannah Harker remembers as a great bonding exercise.
                                                                                                                                                    7. The 1995 Pemberley is Lyme Park in Cheshire for exteriors and Sudbury Hall in Derbyshire for interiors. Lyme is National Trust, open to the public, near Stockport, and you can stay in cottages on the estate — people now go there specifically to get engaged and married in front of the on-screen Pemberley.
                                                                                                                                                    8. Colin Firth did not dive into that lake. A stunt man did, because they wouldn't send the actor into a stagnant lake on the Lyme estate. The underwater shots — the ones that actually wet the shirt — were filmed in the big water tank at Elstree Studios, where Firth surfaced into an incompletely removed pool cover and smashed the bridge of his nose. Simon Langton's first reaction was not sympathy but "are we going to have to recast Mr. Darcy?"
                                                                                                                                                    9. Chatsworth, the 2005 film's Pemberley, is arguably too grand for Darcy — many historians now say so. It's the seat of the Dukes of Devonshire, founded in the Tudor period by Bess of Hardwick, and its window frames are gilded with gold leaf so the house glitters as you approach. Darcy, by contrast, holds no title at all: he's a commoner with an old estate and £10,000 a year. The film's Pemberley interiors were shot at Wilton House near Salisbury.
                                                                                                                                                    10. Gabrielle's practical recommendation is a Wiltshire loop — Bath, then Lacock for Meryton (eat at the Red Lion, which is the assembly rooms), Stourhead for the Arcadian gardens and the temple from the 2005 rain scene, Wilton House outside Salisbury, and a sneaky drive past Luckington Court. Her single favorite location is Chatsworth for sheer grandeur. Public transportation to any of it is poor, so you need to be driven.
                                                                                                                                                    11. Soundbites
                                                                                                                                                      1. "It was all about what he said was to throw open the drawing room doors — to bring Jane Austen out into the countryside, into the townscapes, into the settings that would reflect most accurately the lives of her characters." — Gabrielle on what director Simon Langton told her the 1995 production was really for.
                                                                                                                                                      2. "Houses are so important in the language of Pride and Prejudice. That's where Davies and Langton decided on doing this — to make it very much out of the English countryside and in these historic buildings." — Gabrielle on why the hierarchy of houses had to be exactly right.
                                                                                                                                                      3. "There's been more than one Jane Austen fan group online who say: come on, let's all chip in, and let's all go and live in the Bennets' house." — Gabrielle on Luckington Court's repeated appearances on the property market.
                                                                                                                                                      4. "I took this photograph at Luckington Court, with that extraordinary light streaming through the beautiful Georgian hallway window. It captivated me and I felt signified something about that shoot in the late summer of 1994. I keep it next to my bed." — Susannah Harker, who played Jane Bennet, in a message read out by Gabrielle.
                                                                                                                                                      5. "It really was the most beautiful English summer. The locations were the epitome of Englishness. I remember walking into each scene and thinking, yes, this is how it feels to be in Regency England. Half the work is done. Now just remember the words and don't bump into the furniture." — Susannah Harker again, on filming in those houses.
                                                                                                                                                      6. "The floors at Edgcote were really shiny — these really lovely polished wooden floors. So she actually poured Coca-Cola on the wooden floors to make them stickier so that the cast's shoes wouldn't slip." — Gabrielle on the choreographer's solution to the Netherfield ball.
                                                                                                                                                      7. "So that's not Colin Firth going into that lake. Because they couldn't send the actor into the slightly smelly, stagnant lake on the Lyme Park estate. The stunt man had to go in." — Gabrielle on cinema's most famous swim.
                                                                                                                                                      8. "Simon Langton recalled saying: are we going to have to recast Mr. Darcy if we've broken his nose? So his first thought wasn't 'my poor actor.' It was: we've got to get on with filming." — Gabrielle on Colin Firth hitting the pool cover at Elstree.
                                                                                                                                                      9. "If he'd have just left his horse to roam and graze on the field, he said we'd have got letters. There's no question the TV watching public in Britain would have written to the BBC to complain that Mr. Darcy didn't look after his horse properly after a long ride." — Gabrielle on why a stunt rider was brought in to play a groom.
                                                                                                                                                      10. "Many historians have now said Chatsworth is too grand, even for Mr. Darcy." — Gabrielle on the 2005 film's choice of Pemberley, and a man who has £10,000 a year but no title at all.
                                                                                                                                                      11. Chapters
                                                                                                                                                        • 00:22 Welcome to the Anglotopia Podcast
                                                                                                                                                        • 00:29 Our Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen
                                                                                                                                                        • 01:01 Today's Subject — We're Not Picturing Hampshire, We're Picturing a TV Program
                                                                                                                                                        • 01:31 Where Longbourn Really Is, and Which House Makes the Best Pemberley
                                                                                                                                                        • 01:41 Meet Dr. Gabrielle Malcolm — Austen Fan Culture and Literary Tourism
                                                                                                                                                        • 02:08 Jonathan's Favorite Episode of the Series — "I Love Visiting These Places"
                                                                                                                                                        • 02:17 WHY 1995 CHANGED EVERYTHING
                                                                                                                                                        • 02:33 Before 1995 — BBC Versions, and Peter Cushing as Mr. Darcy
                                                                                                                                                        • 03:01 Polly Adams and Susannah Harker — Mother and Daughter as Jane Bennet
                                                                                                                                                        • 03:26 The 1980 Version — And What All the Early Adaptations Had in Common
                                                                                                                                                        • 03:35 Studio-Bound — Painted Backdrops and Clumsy Set Design
                                                                                                                                                        • 04:06 The BBC's 1990s Mission — Every Classic Novel and All of Shakespeare
                                                                                                                                                        • 04:26 Enormous Internal Budgets — The Heyday of Literary Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                        • 04:42 Watching Them at School on VHS — Gabrielle's Own Education
                                                                                                                                                        • 05:29 Sunday Afternoon Period Drama — And the License Fee
                                                                                                                                                        • 06:00 Hiring Simon Langton — The Director Behind the John le Carré Adaptations
                                                                                                                                                        • 06:39 Andrew Davies — The Man Who Turned Chapters into Episodes
                                                                                                                                                        • 07:19 Shoot It on Film — And Don't Rely on Studios
                                                                                                                                                        • 07:34 "Throw Open the Drawing Room Doors"
                                                                                                                                                        • 07:58 The Immense Scouting Expeditions
                                                                                                                                                        • 08:09 THE HIERARCHY OF HOUSES — Finding a Longbourn, a Netherfield, a Meryton and a Pemberley
                                                                                                                                                        • 08:30 Mrs. Bennet on the Local Estates — Why Houses Are the Language of the Novel
                                                                                                                                                        • 09:13 How Did They Pick Them, and What Did Fame Do to These Places?
                                                                                                                                                        • 09:24 LONGBOURN — The Bennet Home, Entailed Through the Male Line
                                                                                                                                                        • 09:42 Luckington Court, Wiltshire — Near Chippenham, on the Edge of the Cotswolds
                                                                                                                                                        • 09:53 A Georgian House With a 17th-Century Dovecote and Formal Gardens
                                                                                                                                                        • 10:11 Where the Bennet Sisters Walk, and Lady Catherine Confronts Elizabeth
                                                                                                                                                        • 10:26 You Can't Visit — But It's Been on the Market Three Times in Six Years
                                                                                                                                                        • 10:51 How to See Inside — House & Garden and the Estate Agent's Website
                                                                                                                                                        • 11:40 Fame, Fans and the Property Listings
                                                                                                                                                        • 11:55 From £9 Million Down to £4 Million — And What You Get for It
                                                                                                                                                        • 12:36 "Only Four Million Pounds — It's Chump Change"
                                                                                                                                                        • 12:42 "Let's All Chip In and Go Live in the Bennets' House"
                                                                                                                                                        • 12:52 SUSANNAH HARKER'S MESSAGE — Jane Bennet Remembers the Summer of 1994
                                                                                                                                                        • 13:13 The Photograph She Keeps by Her Bedside
                                                                                                                                                        • 13:55 Carrying Baby Finley — Now Directing Pride and Prejudice Himself
                                                                                                                                                        • 14:14 Alison Steadman in the Hallway, and the Epitome of Englishness
                                                                                                                                                        • 14:52 "Andrew Davies Took Austen Out of the Drawing Room and Into Nature"
                                                                                                                                                        • 15:13 "Just Remember the Words and Don't Bump Into the Furniture"
                                                                                                                                                        • 15:23 NETHERFIELD — Supposed to Be a Walk Across the Fields
                                                                                                                                                        • 15:38 Elizabeth's Petticoat, Inches Deep in Mud
                                                                                                                                                        • 15:49 Edgcote House, Northamptonshire — A 300-Mile Walk in Real Life
                                                                                                                                                        • 16:06 Bigger, Grander, More Splendid — Exactly Right for Bingley
                                                                                                                                                        • 16:21 New Money Renting His First Country Estate, Advised by Old Money
                                                                                                                                                        • 16:43 It Had to Host a Ball — And the Cast Spent Weeks Learning the Dances
                                                                                                                                                        • 17:10 COCA-COLA ON THE BALLROOM FLOOR — The Choreographer's Solution
                                                                                                                                                        • 17:36 Edgcote Today — Private, But Also on the Market
                                                                                                                                                        • 17:59 A 25,900-Square-Foot Georgian Mansion
                                                                                                                                                        • 18:45 Offers Above £45 Million — A Farm, 31 Houses, Gardens and a Lake
                                                                                                                                                        • 19:41 PEMBERLEY — How Do You Create the Top of the Tree?
                                                                                                                                                        • 19:48 Lyme Park, Cheshire for the Exteriors
                                                                                                                                                        • 20:18 Sudbury Hall, Derbyshire for the Interiors
                                                                                                                                                        • 20:39 Lyme Is Open to the Public — And People Get Engaged There
                                                                                                                                                        • 20:50 National Trust, Near Stockport — And You Can Stay on the Estate
                                                                                                                                                        • 21:42 THE LAKE — The Wet Shirt Scene
                                                                                                                                                        • 21:54 You See Him Dive In. You Never See Him Come Out.
                                                                                                                                                        • 22:09 The Stunt Man Went In — Not Colin Firth
                                                                                                                                                        • 22:33 The Underwater Shots Were Filmed in the Tank at Elstree
                                                                                                                                                        • 23:00 Colin Firth Smashes His Nose on the Pool Cover
                                                                                                                                                        • 23:13 "Are We Going to Have to Recast Mr. Darcy?"
                                                                                                                                                        • 24:25 The Horse and the Groom — "We'd Have Got Letters"
                                                                                                                                                        • 25:10 Private Estates and National Trust Properties Side by Side
                                                                                                                                                        • 25:24 MERYTON — The Town of Lacock
                                                                                                                                                        • 25:45 The Red Lion Pub — Where Lizzie First Meets Darcy
                                                                                                                                                        • 26:04 The Whole Village Is National Trust Protected
                                                                                                                                                        • 26:24 Bath, Then Lacock, Then a Sneaky Peek at Luckington
                                                                                                                                                        • 26:45 Lacock Abbey — Where Photography Was Invented
                                                                                                                                                        • 26:56 The Window, the First Photograph, and the Camera Obscura
                                                                                                                                                        • 27:32 Lacock and the Harry Potter Films
                                                                                                                                                        • 27:52 THE 2005 FILM — Why a Grander Pemberley?
                                                                                                                                                        • 28:19 Does Chatsworth Make Us Perceive Darcy Differently?
                                                                                                                                                        • 28:29 Why Chatsworth Worked for a Movie and Not a Series
                                                                                                                                                        • 28:54 "Impact Is Everything"
                                                                                                                                                        • 29:01 Lyme Park Is Beautiful — Chatsworth Is Gobsmacking
                                                                                                                                                        • 29:32 The Cavendish Family and the Dukes of Devonshire
                                                                                                                                                        • 29:46 Not National Trust — Its Own Trust, Still Run by the Family
                                                                                                                                                        • 30:31 "Chatsworth Is Too Grand, Even for Mr. Darcy"
                                                                                                                                                        • 30:48 Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire — And Why the Family Mattered
                                                                                                                                                        • 31:15 BESS OF HARDWICK — From Humble Origins to Countess of Shrewsbury
                                                                                                                                                        • 31:57 Embroidery With Mary, Queen of Scots
                                                                                                                                                        • 32:16 Hardwick Hall — More Windows Than Any House Ever Built
                                                                                                                                                        • 32:33 Her Own Throne Room, and "We're All Elizabeth Together"
                                                                                                                                                        • 33:00 Darcy Has No Title — His Aunt Does
                                                                                                                                                        • 33:36 A Commoner With an Old Estate and £10,000 a Year
                                                                                                                                                        • 34:09 Not in the Chatsworth Mould — Cascades, Follies and Gilded Windows
                                                                                                                                                        • 34:39 The Windows Have Just Been Re-Gilded
                                                                                                                                                        • 35:02 WILTON HOUSE — Pemberley's Interiors in the 2005 Film
                                                                                                                                                        • 35:11 The Wiltshire Loop — All These Locations Within Reach of Bath
                                                                                                                                                        • 35:57 Jonathan's Stately Home White Whale
                                                                                                                                                        • 36:19 Lord Castlemaine and the Embassy to Rome
                                                                                                                                                        • 36:40 THE WILTON DIPTYCH — Kept Safe at Wilton House
                                                                                                                                                        • 36:57 Richard II Presented to the Virgin Mary
                                                                                                                                                        • 37:22 Saved From the Reformation and From Cromwell
                                                                                                                                                        • 37:34 STOURHEAD — Jonathan's Favorite Stately Home in Britain
                                                                                                                                                        • 38:11 Famous for the Gardens, Not the House
                                                                                                                                                        • 38:18 The Rain Scene in the 2005 Film
                                                                                                                                                        • 38:35 Why Stourhead Is So Beloved Locally
                                                                                                                                                        • 39:24 The Bridge, the Water and the Little Temple
                                                                                                                                                        • 39:47 Darcy and Elizabeth's Encounter in the Rain
                                                                                                                                                        • 40:04 Not What Pemberley Would Actually Have Had
                                                                                                                                                        • 40:30 It's All About the Storytelling and the Escapist Quality
                                                                                                                                                        • 40:47 What Those Gardens Were Really For
                                                                                                                                                        • 41:25 Moving Great Mature Trees Because They Spoiled the View
                                                                                                                                                        • 41:36 Stourhead Today — A Joy for Anyone Who Loves Horticulture
                                                                                                                                                        • 42:14 Autumn at Stourhead — Like New England, Only in Wiltshire
                                                                                                                                                        • 42:53 BARTON COTTAGE — Sense and Sensibility
                                                                                                                                                        • 43:22 The Dashwoods Have to Move
                                                                                                                                                        • 43:45 Sir John Middleton and the Barton Estate in Devon
                                                                                                                                                        • 43:59 Austen's Joke — Five Bedrooms and Only Two Servants
                                                                                                                                                        • 44:13 What Jane Austen Actually Knew About Domestic Work
                                                                                                                                                        • 44:47 The Cottage on Screen — Chosen for Its Vistas
                                                                                                                                                        • 45:13 Space for Marianne to Range Around
                                                                                                                                                        • 45:35 Throwing Open the Doors Again — Ang Lee and Emma Thompson
                                                                                                                                                        • 45:54 An 18th-Century Stone Cottage — Brand New in Austen's Day
                                                                                                                                                        • 46:18 Quaint and Tumbledown Now, Well-Appointed Then
                                                                                                                                                        • 46:35 The Flete Estate, South Devon — Private, But People Still Make the Pilgrimage
                                                                                                                                                        • 46:59 On the Estuary, Near Plymouth, Drake and the Royal Navy
                                                                                                                                                        • 47:32 NEWTON FERRERS — And Where Edward Ferrars Got His Name
                                                                                                                                                        • 47:59 Lucy Steele, and Edward as a Student in Her Father's House
                                                                                                                                                        • 48:12 George Austen at Steventon Took In Pupils the Same Way
                                                                                                                                                        • 48:38 "Lucy Ferrars Is a Pun on Lucifer"
                                                                                                                                                        • 49:19 Why the Cottage's Position Serves the Storytelling
                                                                                                                                                        • 49:35 Margaret as Lookout — Is It Brandon, Willoughby or Edward?
                                                                                                                                                        • 50:03 WHERE TO STAY — The Flete Estate and South Devon
                                                                                                                                                        • 50:17 Cottages on the Stourhead Estate — And Christmas Lights
                                                                                                                                                        • 50:38 Gabrielle's White Whale: Stourhead at Christmas
                                                                                                                                                        • 50:46 THE FAVORITE — Which Location Wins?
                                                                                                                                                        • 50:53 Chatsworth, for the Sheer Grandeur of It
                                                                                                                                                        • 51:17 But Do the Wiltshire Tour — Stourhead, Wilton, Luckington
                                                                                                                                                        • 51:56 The Wiltshire Triangle, and Why You Need to Be Driven
                                                                                                                                                        • 52:20 Wrap-Up — A Long List of Houses to Go Stand In Front Of
                                                                                                                                                        • 52:37 Our Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen, Tours and Gift Vouchers
                                                                                                                                                        • 53:02 Friends of Anglotopia, and Join Us Next Time
                                                                                                                                                        • Video Version
                                                                                                                                                          54 min
                                                                                                                                                        • The Real Miss Moneypenny: The Forgotten Women of British Intelligence With Dr. Claire Hubbard-Hall

                                                                                                                                                          If I say "British spy," you picture a man: James Bond, George Smiley, Kim Philby. And the one woman most people can name from that world is fictional — Miss Moneypenny, sitting outside M's office, quietly in love with 007. But Miss Moneypenny was real, or at least the woman who inspired her was. Her name was Kathleen Pettigrew, personal assistant to three consecutive chiefs of MI6, and every secret in the wartime service passed across her desk. When someone asked whether she'd been the real Moneypenny, she replied: "I was Miss Moneypenny, but with more power." In this episode, Jonathan Thomas is joined by Dr. Claire Hubbard-Hall, historian of secret intelligence, honorary associate professor of intelligence history, and author of Secret Servants of the Crown: The Forgotten Women of British Intelligence (published in the UK as Her Secret Service). Claire explains how she found the pencil-crossed "Miss Pettaval" in Fleming's first draft of Casino Royale; how Pettigrew and one colleague received every decrypted Enigma message sent from Bletchley Park to MI6; why the word "secretary" was a perfect cover for agent running, code work and courier duty; and how she tracked down women trained to leave no trace — reading margin notes and paper chits, then turning family historian and writing some 200 letters to surviving relatives. Plus: Rita Windsor, the MI6 officer in wartime Lisbon who got July Plot survivor Otto John out of Europe; the post-war "travel agency" she ran with Ina Molesworth; an incendiary briefcase carried by train to Bletchley Park and blown up on the lawn; the long zigzag road to the first female heads of MI5, GCHQ and MI6; and why Slow Horses gets it right.

                                                                                                                                                          Links

                                                                                                                                                          The Book

                                                                                                                                                          • Secret Servants of the Crown — Amazon US
                                                                                                                                                          • Secret Servants of the Crown — Penguin Random House
                                                                                                                                                          • Secret Servants of the Crown — Barnes & Noble
                                                                                                                                                          • Secret Servants of the Crown — Blackwell's
                                                                                                                                                          • Her Secret Service — UK Edition — Amazon UK
                                                                                                                                                          • US edition published by Citadel (Kensington). ISBN 9780806543710. Published in the UK as Her Secret Service: The Forgotten Women of British Intelligence.

                                                                                                                                                            Claire Hubbard-Hall

                                                                                                                                                            • Claire on Instagram — @thespyhistorian
                                                                                                                                                            • Claire on the Spybrary Podcast
                                                                                                                                                            • Places to Visit

                                                                                                                                                              • Bletchley Park
                                                                                                                                                              • The National Archives, Kew — Intelligence Records
                                                                                                                                                              • Imperial War Museum — Oral History Collections
                                                                                                                                                              • Mentioned in the Episode

                                                                                                                                                                • MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909–1949 by Keith Jeffery
                                                                                                                                                                • Casino Royale by Ian Fleming
                                                                                                                                                                • Slow Horses — Apple TV+
                                                                                                                                                                • Related Anglotopia Episodes

                                                                                                                                                                  • Mark Dunton & Dr. Stephen Twigge on The MI5 Archive: Official Secrets
                                                                                                                                                                  • Dr. Chris Smith on the Cambridge Five and The Last Cambridge Spy
                                                                                                                                                                  • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                                                                                                                                  • Takeaways
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Kathleen Pettigrew served MI6 from the late 1920s to the 1950s as personal assistant to three consecutive chiefs. In Ian Fleming's first draft of Casino Royale, the character we know as Miss Moneypenny was originally called "Miss Pettaval" — crossed out in pencil and renamed. Fleming, a wartime naval intelligence officer, would have walked past Pettigrew's desk outside Stewart Menzies's office at 54 Broadway.
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Pettigrew's power was real. She helped set up MI6's communications team at Bletchley Park in 1939, and back at headquarters she and a colleague, Miss Jones, personally received every decrypted Enigma message passed from Bletchley to MI6 — the gatekeeper deciding where intelligence went. She also accompanied Menzies to Churchill's famous late-night meetings to take notes.
                                                                                                                                                                    3. She came from nothing like Moneypenny's polished upper-class background. Born in industrial East Bermondsey to a seal fur dresser, she grew up in a two-room flat above her parents' shop off the Strand. Technical college, secretarial training and elocution lessons got her into Special Branch in the First World War — and from there, "through the looking glass."
                                                                                                                                                                    4. Career women like Pettigrew paid a steep price. Marriage bars meant choosing the job meant giving up marriage and children. MI5 dropped its marriage bar shortly after the Second World War; the Foreign Office and MI6 kept theirs until the early 1970s.
                                                                                                                                                                    5. "Secretary" was the perfect cover. Behind the job title, women translated, encrypted and decrypted, ran agents, acted as agents and couriers, made secret inks, and produced photography for fake passes and disinformation. Women were there from the very beginning — MI6 employed its first female agent in 1909, the year it was founded.
                                                                                                                                                                    6. Popular culture — and especially the endlessly retold, heavily sexualized Mata Hari legend — typecast women in espionage as seductresses and "Bond girls," which helped erase the women doing the real work. Claire notes that the effort to write them back in has gathered real momentum over the past decade.
                                                                                                                                                                    7. Researching women trained to leave no trace meant thinking like a counterintelligence officer. Because women created and handled the files rather than making the decisions recorded in them, Claire looked past the content to margin notes, pencilled initials and paper chits — then worked like a family historian, using wills, genealogy, the electoral roll and around 200 handwritten letters to surviving relatives, most of whom had no idea.
                                                                                                                                                                    8. Rita Windsor, stationed at MI6's Lisbon station in neutral Portugal, organized agent infiltrations, exfiltrations and defections. When Britain broke off contact with German resistance contact Otto John before D-Day, and the July 1944 plot against Hitler then failed, it was Windsor who got him out through Portugal and Spain to Britain. John dedicated his memoir to her.
                                                                                                                                                                    9. After the war, Windsor and her colleague Ina Molesworth set up a high-end travel agency, International Services, taking small groups of well-connected travelers to Afghanistan, Moscow and — one of the first agencies allowed in — China. Claire's research makes clear it was an MI6 cover. The details are in the book.
                                                                                                                                                                    10. The road from Kathleen Pettigrew to the first female heads of Britain's intelligence services was anything but straight: Jane Sissmore became MI5's first female officer in 1929; Millicent Bagot became deputy director in the 1950s; Stella Rimington became the first female director general of MI5 in 1992; Anne Keast-Butler became the first female director of GCHQ in 2023; and Blaise Metreweli became the first female chief of MI6 in 2025.
                                                                                                                                                                    11. Soundbites
                                                                                                                                                                      1. "I was Miss Moneypenny, but with more power." — Kathleen Pettigrew, as quoted in Jonathan's introduction.
                                                                                                                                                                      2. "These women in the book have absolutely fantastic names, written for spy stories." — Claire on her cast of characters.
                                                                                                                                                                      3. "Let's not forget, these women were trained to evade everybody — even the historian coming later in the twenty-first century." — Claire on the challenge of researching MI6 women.
                                                                                                                                                                      4. "The first draft of that first Bond novel — the woman we now know as Miss Moneypenny was actually given a different name to start off with: Miss Pettaval. And you can instantly see the similarities between Pettaval and Pettigrew." — Claire on the discovery that clinched it.
                                                                                                                                                                      5. "All of the decrypted German Enigma messages coming out of Bletchley Park had to pass through MI6. MI6 was the gatekeeper, essentially. And the two women that received them were Miss Pettigrew and Miss Jones." — Claire on the true scale of Pettigrew's role.
                                                                                                                                                                      6. "Secretary was this wonderful catch-all phrase that women in the Secret Services could use as cover, as camouflage. It was perfect, because nobody would suspect that they were doing anything different." — Claire on the job title that hid everything.
                                                                                                                                                                      7. "I did transform into a counterintelligence officer myself, in terms of the methodologies I had to adopt to try and get at these women." — Claire on her research method.
                                                                                                                                                                      8. "I probably sent out two hundred letters over the course of the project to family and relatives, and most of them wrote back — because they had no idea that Great Aunt Ethel had worked in any capacity within that clandestine world." — Claire on turning family historian.
                                                                                                                                                                      9. "The guy walked to the very edge of the lake, popped the briefcase down — and what do you think happened to the briefcase then? It blew up. It was an incendiary device, and a very unstable one. Can you imagine that going off on the train?" — Claire on Lois Hamilton and MI6's Section D at Bletchley Park.
                                                                                                                                                                      10. "When you take these historical moments, they are absolutely fantastic — hooray. But what we now need to see is that change continues, and that we actually see more female heads. Not with another massive gap before another woman is appointed." — Claire on the first female chiefs of Britain's intelligence services.
                                                                                                                                                                      11. Chapters
                                                                                                                                                                        • 00:21 Introduction — Miss Moneypenny was real, and the women written out of the spy story
                                                                                                                                                                        • 01:28 Meet Dr. Claire Hubbard-Hall — Secret Servants of the Crown
                                                                                                                                                                        • 01:46 KATHLEEN PETTIGREW — Why the book opens with her
                                                                                                                                                                        • 02:18 The Hardest Women to Research — MI6 has never released its archive
                                                                                                                                                                        • 03:25 Keith Jeffery's Official History — Scouring it for breadcrumbs
                                                                                                                                                                        • 04:01 Two Mentions — And years spent excavating one woman
                                                                                                                                                                        • 05:08 What Secrets Passed Her Desk? — The Second World War and the Cambridge Five
                                                                                                                                                                        • 05:39 Waiting for the Next Bond — And the case for a ginger 007
                                                                                                                                                                        • 05:59 THE MONEYPENNY DISCOVERY — "Miss Pettaval" in the first draft of Casino Royale
                                                                                                                                                                        • 06:53 Fleming, 54 Broadway, and the Desk Outside Menzies's Office
                                                                                                                                                                        • 07:46 HOW MUCH POWER DID SHE HAVE?
                                                                                                                                                                        • 08:11 Bletchley Park Began as an MI6 Operation
                                                                                                                                                                        • 08:52 Setting Up MI6 Communications in the Mansion
                                                                                                                                                                        • 10:09 Back at Broadway — Personal assistant to Stewart Menzies
                                                                                                                                                                        • 10:36 Every Enigma Decrypt — Pettigrew and Miss Jones as MI6's gatekeepers
                                                                                                                                                                        • 12:22 Late Nights With Churchill — Taking notes for the chief
                                                                                                                                                                        • 13:23 WHAT IT COST THEM — Career women and the marriage bar
                                                                                                                                                                        • 14:04 When the Marriage Bars Finally Fell — MI5 after the war, MI6 not until the 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                        • 15:05 Going Against the Social Norms
                                                                                                                                                                        • 16:04 Not Lois Maxwell — The real Moneypenny's humble origins
                                                                                                                                                                        • 17:10 East Bermondsey, a Seal Fur Dresser, and a Shop off the Strand
                                                                                                                                                                        • 18:48 Secretarial College, Elocution, and Special Branch in the First World War
                                                                                                                                                                        • 19:48 "Through the Looking Glass" — Into the secret world
                                                                                                                                                                        • 19:55 THE WORD "SECRETARY" — The perfect cover
                                                                                                                                                                        • 20:45 What They Actually Did — Translation, encryption, agent running, couriers, secret inks
                                                                                                                                                                        • 21:45 Labour Shortages and Liberation — Opportunity in two world wars
                                                                                                                                                                        • 22:44 WOMEN WERE THERE FROM THE START — MI6's first female agent in 1909
                                                                                                                                                                        • 23:11 Why They Were Forgotten — Popular culture, Bond, and bikinis
                                                                                                                                                                        • 24:28 The Mata Hari Problem — How one sexualized legend infected everything
                                                                                                                                                                        • 25:59 Writing Them Back In — A decade of recovering forgotten women
                                                                                                                                                                        • 27:04 The Perfect Cover — Jonathan's theory
                                                                                                                                                                        • 27:20 HOW DO YOU RESEARCH WOMEN TRAINED TO LEAVE NO TRACE?
                                                                                                                                                                        • 27:43 Becoming a Counterintelligence Officer
                                                                                                                                                                        • 29:03 The Women Created the Files — Reading past the content
                                                                                                                                                                        • 30:10 Margin Notes, Pencil Initials and Paper Chits
                                                                                                                                                                        • 31:33 Turning Family Historian — Genealogy, wills and the electoral roll
                                                                                                                                                                        • 32:19 Kathleen's Parrots — A love of birds that began in a Strand pub window
                                                                                                                                                                        • 33:06 Did the Parrot Have Security Clearance?
                                                                                                                                                                        • 33:25 Two Hundred Letters — And families who had no idea
                                                                                                                                                                        • 35:12 THE WOMEN WHO CHANGED OUTCOMES
                                                                                                                                                                        • 35:40 Rita Windsor and Ina Molesworth — MI6's duo, late 1920s to early 1970s
                                                                                                                                                                        • 36:35 Rita Windsor in Lisbon — Infiltrations, exfiltrations and defectors
                                                                                                                                                                        • 37:28 Otto John and the German Resistance
                                                                                                                                                                        • 38:34 Britain Breaks Off Contact — And the plot goes ahead without them
                                                                                                                                                                        • 39:18 The July Plot Fails — And Rita Windsor gets Otto John out
                                                                                                                                                                        • 40:00 "He Owed His Life to Miss Rita Windsor" — The memoir dedication
                                                                                                                                                                        • 40:56 Ina Molesworth — German specialist, and Rita's lifelong friend
                                                                                                                                                                        • 42:16 THE POST-WAR TRAVEL AGENCY — Afghanistan, Moscow, China, and an MI6 cover
                                                                                                                                                                        • 43:52 What Did MI6 Think of the Book? — A signed copy for the former chief
                                                                                                                                                                        • 45:07 The Official Secrets Act — Why these women would never have talked
                                                                                                                                                                        • 46:04 BLETCHLEY PARK BEYOND THE CODEBREAKERS
                                                                                                                                                                        • 47:09 Telling the Stories Not Yet Told
                                                                                                                                                                        • 47:50 MI6 Women in the Mansion — Runners, German specialists and code makers
                                                                                                                                                                        • 49:04 Making Codes, Not Breaking Them
                                                                                                                                                                        • 49:32 Section D — The destruction section in the stables
                                                                                                                                                                        • 50:41 Lois Hamilton's Briefcase — Carried by train, blown up by the lake
                                                                                                                                                                        • 52:58 Given the Shove — Section D finds another country house
                                                                                                                                                                        • 53:31 FROM PETTIGREW TO STELLA RIMINGTON — Not a straight line
                                                                                                                                                                        • 54:21 Jane Sissmore — MI5's first female officer, 1929
                                                                                                                                                                        • 54:45 The Second World War — Section heads and agent handlers, without the rank or pay
                                                                                                                                                                        • 55:32 Millicent Bagot — First female deputy director of MI5
                                                                                                                                                                        • 55:55 Stella Rimington, 1992 — And the rest of the firsts
                                                                                                                                                                        • 56:05 Anne Keast-Butler at GCHQ and Blaise Metreweli at MI6
                                                                                                                                                                        • 57:04 Firsts Are Fantastic — Now keep it going
                                                                                                                                                                        • 57:26 WHERE TO GO — Places for Anglophiles to connect with these stories
                                                                                                                                                                        • 57:50 Bletchley Park's Intelligence Factory Exhibition
                                                                                                                                                                        • 58:55 Read the Book
                                                                                                                                                                        • 59:20 What to Watch — Slow Horses and Catherine Standish
                                                                                                                                                                        • 01:00:14 Incompetence in the Intelligence Services — And how it all works out
                                                                                                                                                                        • 01:00:30 Wrap-Up — Secret Servants of the Crown, Her Secret Service, and Friends of Anglotopia
                                                                                                                                                                        • Video Version
                                                                                                                                                                          1 hr 2 min
                                                                                                                                                                        • Strictly Jane Austen Episode 2: What Jane Austen Actually Saw – The Real Georgian Bath with Dr. Moira Rudolf

                                                                                                                                                                          This is Episode 2 of a special six-part Jane Austen series, sponsored throughout by Strictly Jane Austen.

                                                                                                                                                                          Today's episode has duels fought over a runaway marriage. It has a scandal so severe it drove one of England's richest men into exile. It has the truth about what those elegant public baths were actually like to get into — considerably less charming than the paintings suggest. It has quack doctors selling electricity as medicine, and a notorious celestial bed that promised to cure infertility for fifty pounds a night. It has vanished pleasure gardens, a vulgar villa, a ferry ride that went badly wrong, and two of the great women of English letters falling out spectacularly over their choice of husbands. Jonathan Thomas is joined by Dr. Moira Rudolf, historian of Georgian and Regency Bath, for a tour of the city's darker corners — and Jane Austen, as Moira points out, pops up in nearly all of them. Along the way: Richard Brinsley Sheridan's two duels over the honor of Elizabeth Linley, the celebrated "Maid of Bath"; William Beckford, his scandal, his exile, his 276-foot tower with no foundations, and the Bath retreat Moira describes as the most haunted building she has ever stayed in; what Jane's brother Edward actually endured in the name of taking the waters; Tobias Smollett's stomach-turning account of the King's Bath; where Mary Shelley really wrote Frankenstein; and Fanny Burney's gloriously catty account of an evening at Bathwick Villa, complete with a mechanical eagle.

                                                                                                                                                                          🎀 OUR SPONSOR: STRICTLY JANE AUSTEN

                                                                                                                                                                          This entire six-part series is brought to you by Strictly Jane Austen — Bath's most Austentatious travel company.

                                                                                                                                                                          If this episode has put you in the mood to experience the Regency for yourself, there is no better way than stepping directly into Jane Austen's Bath with an expert guide. Strictly Jane Austen's award-winning tours bring Regency England to life through expertly guided walks, immersive storytelling, and carefully curated itineraries in Bath and beyond. Their guides are avid Janeites steeped in Regency knowledge — and, as Austen herself would have it, genuinely "clever, well-informed people."

                                                                                                                                                                          What they offer:

                                                                                                                                                                          • Expert Guided Tours of Jane Austen's Bath — Private walking tours through the streets Jane walked, led by expert Janeite guides
                                                                                                                                                                          • Period Dress Hire & Afternoon Tea in Bath — Exquisite Regency costume delivered to your hotel, then promenade through Bath and take a sumptuous afternoon tea in a historic tearoom
                                                                                                                                                                          • Bridgerton in Bath — A private tour of the city's Bridgerton filming locations and Regency high society
                                                                                                                                                                          • Jane Austen & Bath's Gothic History Twilight Tour — Northanger Abbey, Frankenstein, and the darker side of Regency Bath
                                                                                                                                                                          • Discovering Jane — A Three-Night Travel Experience in Bath & Hampshire — The full immersive short break, including Jane's Hampshire home and burial place
                                                                                                                                                                          • Escape to Bath by Rail from London — Travel from Paddington to Austen's Bath in style
                                                                                                                                                                          • Bespoke Group Tours of Bath & Hampshire — Built for individuals, couples, book clubs, and groups of any size
                                                                                                                                                                          • Annual Jane Austen Celebrations — Dance, discussion and Regency merriment at the Gainsborough Bath Spa
                                                                                                                                                                          • 🎁 Gift Vouchers — The perfect present for the Janeite in your life
                                                                                                                                                                          • Book or learn more at strictlyjaneausten.com · Call +44 1225 333747 (Mon–Fri, 09:00–17:00 GMT)

                                                                                                                                                                            Follow them: Instagram · Facebook

                                                                                                                                                                            Winner, Bristol Bath & Somerset International Tourism Award 2025 (Bronze). Part of ECT Travel, a Bath-based tour operator running successful travel programmes since 1993.

                                                                                                                                                                            Links

                                                                                                                                                                            Places in Bath Mentioned

                                                                                                                                                                            • The Roman Baths & Pump Room
                                                                                                                                                                            • The Cross Bath — Thermae Bath Spa
                                                                                                                                                                            • Beckford's Tower & Museum, Lansdown
                                                                                                                                                                            • Stay in Beckford's Tower — The Landmark Trust
                                                                                                                                                                            • The Bath Preservation Trust
                                                                                                                                                                            • The Royal Crescent
                                                                                                                                                                            • Lansdown Crescent, Bath
                                                                                                                                                                            • Queen Square, Bath
                                                                                                                                                                            • Theatre Royal Bath
                                                                                                                                                                            • The Jane Austen Centre, Bath
                                                                                                                                                                            • Visit Bath
                                                                                                                                                                            • Anglotopia

                                                                                                                                                                              • Friends of Anglotopia Club
                                                                                                                                                                              • Anglotopia's Guide to the World of Bridgerton
                                                                                                                                                                              • Takeaways
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was eighteen, unknown and penniless when he met Elizabeth Linley, the celebrated soprano known as the "Maid of Bath." Her father Thomas Linley was Bath's most influential musical impresario — and, Moira notes, a father in the mould of Leopold Mozart or Joe Jackson, who bullied all his children into becoming prodigies.
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Elizabeth's reputation was destroyed not by anything she did but by a married man, Captain Matthews, who pursued her and spread the rumor she was his mistress. Performers — singers and actresses especially — were routinely assumed to be high-class courtesans, however respectable they actually were. A play at the Haymarket based on the scandal, and a Bath Chronicle review declaring it "based on fact," finished the job.
                                                                                                                                                                                3. Sheridan and Elizabeth eloped from 11 Royal Crescent to France in March 1772. Only after they had arrived did Sheridan reveal his true intention: she could not return to England as anything but his wife. They married in France, but both being minors the marriage was invalid.
                                                                                                                                                                                4. Sheridan fought two duels over Elizabeth's honor. The first, in London, was short and bloodless. The second, at Kingsdown outside Bath in July 1772, was ferocious — both men broke their swords and kept fighting. Sheridan was carried from the field with part of Matthews's weapon through his ear and his face beaten to a pulp with the sword hilt. He lay seriously ill at the White Hart Inn for eight days, nursed by Elizabeth.
                                                                                                                                                                                5. William Beckford inherited an immense fortune at the age of ten, built from his father's Jamaican sugar plantations. In 1784 his letters to the young William "Kitty" Courtenay were intercepted and published, creating a scandal so severe it drove him into an eleven-year self-imposed exile, destroyed his political prospects, and saw him permanently shunned by polite society.
                                                                                                                                                                                6. Fonthill Abbey, Beckford's Gothic extravaganza in Wiltshire, had a 276-foot tower. Its contractor confessed on his deathbed that it had been built with no foundations at all. Beckford — by then living in Bath and able to see the tower from his own — owned up to the new owner, and not long afterward the whole thing collapsed.
                                                                                                                                                                                7. Beckford's Tower on Lansdown is now let by the Landmark Trust. Moira has stayed there, and describes it as the most forbidding, sinister and haunted building she has ever been in. "I have never been so frightened in my life."
                                                                                                                                                                                8. Jane Austen's brother Edward came to Bath in 1799 convinced he had gout and took the cure — bathing in and drinking the mineral water, and trying electricity on a Tuesday. Jane's letters to Cassandra make her skepticism obvious; Moira suspects she thought him a hypochondriac. He was strong as an ox, sired eleven children, and lived to 85.
                                                                                                                                                                                9. Tobias Smollett — who trained as a doctor — describes the King's Bath in Humphry Clinker in terms that will permanently alter how you picture Georgian bathing: a child covered in scrofulous ulcers carried in among the bathers, no shelter from the weather, and the strong suspicion that water regurgitated from the bath back into the Pump Room cistern. Moira believes him wholeheartedly.
                                                                                                                                                                                10. Mary Shelley did not write Frankenstein overnight at the Villa Diodati — Moira calls that idea "twaddle." She wrote it in Bath, in lodgings at number 5 Abbey Churchyard, in 1816. Around the corner, Dr. Wilkinson was lecturing on his theory that electrical charges could bring inanimate matter to life. Number 5 has been demolished, but its cellars survive — and now house an electrical substation.
                                                                                                                                                                                11. Soundbites
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. "Like many impresarios — and I'm thinking particularly about Mozart's father Leopold and, in more recent history, Michael Jackson's father Joe — Elizabeth's father Thomas Linley bullied all his children into becoming child prodigies." — Moira on the making of the Maid of Bath.
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. "Singers and people who performed were often regarded as possibly high-class courtesans, when in many cases they weren't at all. They were perfectly respectable and well-organised people." — Moira on how Elizabeth Linley's reputation was destroyed.
                                                                                                                                                                                  3. "She must be aware that after the step she had taken, she could not appear in England but as his wife. So in fact Sheridan had rather cleverly manoeuvred her into a certain position." — Moira on the elopement to France.
                                                                                                                                                                                  4. "Both men broke their swords and carried on fighting in a desperate struggle for life and honor. He was moved from the field with part of Matthews's weapon sticking through his ear, his bloodied body covered in wounds, and his face beaten to a pulp with the hilt of his assailant's sword." — Moira on the second duel at Kingsdown.
                                                                                                                                                                                  5. "Beckford's Tower is one of the most forbidding, sinister, and I'm sure the most haunted building I've ever stayed in. I can tell you I have never been so frightened in my life." — Moira on the Landmark Trust flat at the top of Lansdown.
                                                                                                                                                                                  6. "The contractor confessed on his deathbed that the tower had been built with no foundations. Beckford did the decent thing and owned up. And not long afterwards there was a God Almighty crack, and the whole of the tower fell down." — Moira on the end of Fonthill Abbey.
                                                                                                                                                                                  7. "He drinks at the Hetling pump, is to bathe tomorrow and try electricity on Tuesday. I fancy we are all unanimous in expecting no advantage from it." — Jane Austen, writing to Cassandra about her brother Edward, as read by Moira.
                                                                                                                                                                                  8. "What a delicate beverage is every day quaffed by the drinkers, medicated by the sweat and dirt and dandruff and the abominable discharges of various kinds from twenty different bodies parboiling in the kettle below." — Tobias Smollett on the Pump Room water, quoted by Moira.
                                                                                                                                                                                  9. "Now if you were to ask me if I believe Smollett, I have to say yes I do, wholeheartedly." — Moira, immediately afterward.
                                                                                                                                                                                  10. "After parading through four or five little vulgarly showy closets — not rooms — we were conducted into a very gaudy little apartment where the master of the house sat reclining on his arm, to show that the house and its inhabitants were carefully arranged for our reception." — Fanny Burney on Bathwick Villa, as read by Moira.
                                                                                                                                                                                  11. Chapters
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 00:25 Introduction & Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen, and what's in store today
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:07 Today's Episode — Duels, exile, quack medicine, vanished gardens and James Boswell
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:47 Meet Dr. Moira Rudolf — Historian of Georgian and Regency Bath
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 02:06 SHERIDAN & ELIZABETH LINLEY
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 02:10 Richard Brinsley Sheridan at Eighteen — Unknown and penniless
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 02:46 Thomas Linley — Bath's musical impresario, and a father in the Leopold Mozart mould
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 03:35 Linley House — Pineapples by the door, and Bath's first Theatre Royal
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 04:23 The Sheridans Arrive in Bath — 1770, and the now-lost Kingsmead Street
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 04:58 "A Daughter That Sings Like an Angel" — Sheridan's first letter about Elizabeth
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 05:24 Mr. Long and Captain Matthews — An engagement broken, and a villain appears
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 06:17 The Maid of Bath — Samuel Foote's play, and a review that ruined a reputation
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 08:37 The Elopement — 18 March 1772, from 11 Royal Crescent to France
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 09:04 A Ghostly Carriage — Still occasionally heard, and occasionally seen
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 09:27 Gainsborough's Reaction — "Miss Linley is walked off, sure enough"
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 10:11 Sheridan's True Intentions — Revealed only once they reached France
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11:05 An Invalid Marriage — Both were minors; Linley tracks them down
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11:35 THE DUELS — Sheridan challenges Matthews
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 11:58 The First Duel, London — Hyde Park, the Hercules Tavern, and the Castle Tavern
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 12:48 Matthews Refuses to Accept Defeat — And the risk of becoming a social pariah
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 13:05 The Second Duel, Kingsdown, July 1772 — Broken swords and a desperate struggle
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14:00 The White Hart Inn — Eight days seriously ill, nursed by Elizabeth
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 14:38 A Folly in North Parade — Where Elizabeth and Sheridan left love messages
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 15:35 Married at Last — 1773, in London, with her father's consent
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 15:51 Elizabeth Retires from Singing — And why Sheridan effectively forbade it
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 16:23 The Rivals — A disastrous first night, a rapid rewrite, and a triumph
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 16:51 The Real Duelling Ground in The Rivals — Kingsmead Fields, not the Gravel Walk
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 17:19 The School for Scandal and a Political Career — Drury Lane, and the crowds who came to hear him speak
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 18:07 A Marriage That Wasn't a Success — Serial infidelity on both sides, and lifelong friendship
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 18:44 Mary — The daughter Sheridan raised as his own
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 19:07 Elizabeth's Death and Sheridan's Decline — Poverty, and Poets' Corner
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 20:28 WILLIAM BECKFORD
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 20:50 A Wronged and Romantic Figure — The collector who actually read his books
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 21:25 Not That Tower — What you can and can't see from central Bath
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 22:29 Beckford the Man — Gothic, sublime, and immensely rich at the age of ten
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 23:02 The Fortune — Jamaican sugar plantations and the Fonthill estate
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 23:24 The Summer House on Fonthill Ridge — Where it all began
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 24:12 Marriage and Scandal — Lady Margaret Gordon, and the intercepted letters
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 24:56 "Kitty" Courtenay — And the discovery that ruined everything
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 25:53 Eleven Years of Exile — Self-imposed, and spent wandering Europe
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 26:22 Vathek — Written in French, allegedly overnight
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 27:11 The Entourage — So large he was mistaken for the Emperor of Austria
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 27:55 Return to England, 1796 — Never forgiven, and back to Fonthill
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 28:09 James Wyatt and Fonthill Abbey — Secret works behind a twelve-foot wall
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 29:05 A 276-Foot Tower — And an opening night with Nelson and Emma Hamilton
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 30:01 Forced to Sell — Beckford retreats to Bath, still immensely rich
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 30:42 Lansdown Crescent — Buying houses, and building a bridge to hold his library
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 32:29 BECKFORD'S TOWER — Commissioned 1825, at the very top of Lansdown
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 32:46 "The Most Haunted Building I've Ever Stayed In"
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 33:15 The Progress to the Tower — Immaculate dress, stewards, grooms and six yapping hounds
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 34:21 The Landscape — An embattled gateway, a grotto and a chinoiserie building
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 34:41 The Tower With No Foundations — A deathbed confession and a God Almighty crack
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 36:14 Beckford in Later Life — A well-mannered, odd recluse who caused offense to no one
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 36:55 His Last Wish — To be buried at the top of his own tower
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 37:36 Jonathan on Fonthill Today — The landscape survives, the tower does not
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 38:04 BATHING IN BATH — Image versus reality
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 38:14 The Glamorous Version First
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 38:37 Edward Austen Comes to Bath, 1799 — Convinced he had gout
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 39:39 13 Queen Square — And the fashionable, private Cross Bath
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 40:09 Musicians' Galleries and Nosegays — Serenaded bathers, and men throwing tokens of regard
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 41:34 The Cross Bath's History — Roman origins, the Melfort Cross, Baldwin and Palmer
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 42:28 Jane Writes to Cassandra — "Truth or falsehood? I will try the former"
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 42:49 Electricity on Tuesday — And a family unanimous in expecting no advantage
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 43:38 The Hot Bath — John Wood the Younger, and the original floor plan
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 44:07 Was Edward a Hypochondriac? — Eleven children and eighty-five years say maybe
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 45:15 THE KING'S BATH — The far less select option
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 45:36 Naked Urchins, No Shelter, and Onlookers — What Jane would have known about
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 46:35 TOBIAS SMOLLETT — A doctor, a surgeon, and a pessimist about the human race
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 47:36 On the External Use of Water, 1752 — Filth left sticking to the sides
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 48:26 Humphry Clinker — The scrofulous child and the flight to the Duke of Kingston's bath
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 49:51 The Pump Room Cistern — And the suspicion of regurgitation
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 50:25 "What a Delicate Beverage" — The passage that ruins Georgian Bath forever
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 50:43 Does Moira Believe Him? — Wholeheartedly
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 50:51 QUACK MEDICINE
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 51:00 The Perkins Tractor — What Edward's electrical treatment probably was
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 51:54 MARY SHELLEY AND FRANKENSTEIN
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 52:03 The Villa Diodati Myth — Why Moira calls it twaddle
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 53:05 Number 5 Abbey Churchyard — Where Frankenstein was actually written
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 53:43 Dr. Wilkinson's Lectures — Electricity, inanimate matter, and a tantalizing possibility
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 54:23 The Cellars Survive — And now house an electrical substation
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 54:48 THE CELESTIAL BED
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 54:55 Dr. James Graham — Effluvia, vapors, and earth bathing
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 55:44 Fifty to a Hundred Pounds a Night — Mirrors, magnets, turtle doves and wind music
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 56:36 Emma Lyon — The scantily clad attendant who became Emma Hamilton
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 56:59 FANNY BURNEY AND A VANISHED PLEASURE GARDEN
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 57:10 Evelina Published Anonymously — And a father who couldn't keep a secret
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 57:38 The Thrales — Wealthy brewers, and a circle that included Samuel Johnson
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 58:37 To Bath for a Cure, 1780 — York House, and 14 South Parade
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 59:38 Spring Gardens — The lost pleasure garden across the ferry
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:00:57 Bathwick Villa — Alderman Ferry's quirky Gothic mini-mansion
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:01:55 Fanny's Account — Vulgarly showy closets and a bishop stifling his laughter
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:03:41 The Mechanical Table and the Eagle — Georgian dinner theatre at its most absurd
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:04:52 The Walk Home — And a hostess hopelessly late for her own dinner party
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:05:41 The Falling Out — Two great women of English letters and their choice of husbands
                                                                                                                                                                                    • 01:06:15 Wrap-Up & Sponsor — Strictly Jane Austen, gift vouchers, and Friends of Anglotopia
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Video Version
                                                                                                                                                                                      1 hr 9 min

                                                                                                                                                                                    About Anglotopia Podcast | Discussing UK British Travel, History, Culture, London, British Slang, and More!

                                                                                                                                                                                    From the publisher's feed

                                                                                                                                                                                    The Anglotopia Podcast is your deep dive into the rich and diverse world of British culture, hosted by Jonathan and Jacqueline Thomas, publishers of Anglotopia.net and Londontopia.net. Each episode…

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