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Aortic dissection is a critical condition characterized by a tear in the aortic intima, allowing blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, creating a false lumen. This often leads to severe, sudden chest or back pain and can compromise blood flow to vital organs. The condition is primarily associated with hypertension and can occur anywhere along the aorta, with the ascending aorta being the most common site. It is classified into Type A (involving the ascending aorta) and Type B (confined to the descending aorta). Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as CT angiography or transesophageal echocardiography, and treatment focuses on blood pressure management and surgical intervention when necessary.