In this Advanced Med-Surg review, we break down renal laboratory tests and diagnostic procedures used to evaluate kidney function. This episode covers creatinine, BUN, urinalysis, and 24-hour urine collections, along with imaging studies such as KUB, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, cystoscopy, renal biopsy, and excretory urography. Emphasis is placed on nursing responsibilities before and after each procedure, including contrast precautions, biopsy monitoring, and prevention of complications like hemorrhage and acute kidney injury. This focused review helps nursing students connect renal pathophysiology to safe, evidence-based patient care.