In this episode, we head to the Congenital Heart Defects section of the Cardiovascular collection of Rx Bricks to learn about Atrial Septal Defect.

Learning Objectives

Define atrial septal defect (ASD).

List the types of ASD and explain the mechanism underlying each type.

Describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic test results for an infant with an ASD, the effect of an ASD on the second heart sound, and the source of the murmur associated with an ASD.

Explain the treatment options for a child with an ASD and the risks and complications associated with an untreated ASD.

Here is the beginning of the original Case Connection from the brick:

You just helped in the delivery of KT, a healthy baby girl weighing 7 lb, 3 oz. Her mom, CT, happens to be your neighbor. KT has an Apgar score of 9/9. During the cardiac exam, you hear a normally split S2 sound in inspiration, but you also hear that same S2 spilt in expiration (a fixed split S2). As you are listening to KT’s heart, you think about the physiology behind a fixed split S2 sound and what it means. You know your attending is going to ask you why this occurs when you do your case presentation later that day.

What information will you give CT about her baby’s exam?

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