Join Drs. Bawazeer and Warta as they discuss the management of difficult gallbladders with renowned Dr. Andrew B. Peitzman.  Everything from diagnosis and grading of cholecystitis to SAFE cholecystectomy and considerations for alternatives to surgery are discussed.

Resources:
Hirota M, et al. Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007;14(1):78-82. doi: 10.1007/s00534-006-1159-4. Epub 2007 Jan 30. PMID: 17252300; PMCID: PMC2784516.

Brunt LM,et al; Prevention of Bile Duct Injury Consensus Work Group. Safe cholecystectomy multi-society practice guideline and state-of-the-art consensus conference on prevention of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2020 Jul;34(7):2827-2855. doi: 10.1007/s00464-020-07568-7. Epub 2020 May 12. PMID: 32399938.

Gupta V, Jain G. Safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Adoption of universal culture of safety in cholecystectomy. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2019 Feb 27;11(2):62-84. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v11.i2.62. PMID: 30842813; PMCID: PMC6397793.

Loozen CS, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus percutaneous catheter drainage for acute cholecystitis in high risk patients (CHOCOLATE): multicentre randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 2018 Oct 8;363:k3965. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k3965. PMID: 30297544; PMCID: PMC6174331.