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"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Basic Structure of the Constitution | epi-20

The question whether Fundamental Rights can be amended by the Parliament under Article 368 came for consideration of the Supreme Court within a year of the Constitution coming into force. In the Shankari Prasad case (1951), the constitutional validity of the First Amendment Act (1951), which curtailed the right to property, was challenged. The Supreme Court ruled that the power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution under Article 368 also includes the power to amend Fundamental Rights. The word ‘law’ in Article 13 includes only ordinary laws and not the constitutional amendment acts (constituent laws). Therefore, the Parliament can abridge or take away any of the Fundamental Rights by enacting a constitutional amendment act and such a law will not be void under Article 13.

"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Amendment of the Constitution | epi-19

Amendment of the Constitution Like any other written Constitution, the Constitution of India also provides for its amendment in order to adjust itself to the changing conditions and needs. However, the procedure laid down for its amendment is neither as easy as in Britain nor as difficult as in USA. In other words, the Indian Constitution is neither flexible nor rigid but a synthesis of both. Article 368 in Part XX of the Constitution deals with the powers of Parliament to amend the Constitution and its procedure. It states that the Parliament may, in exercise of its constituent power, amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision of the Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down for the purpose. However, the Parliament cannot amend those provisions which form the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution. This was ruled by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973).

"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Fundamental Duties | epi-18

Though the rights and duties of the citizens are correlative and inseparable, the original constitution contained only the fundamental rights and not the fundamental duties. In other words, the framers of the Constitution did not feel it necessary to incorporate the fundamental duties of the citizens in the Constitution. However, they incorporated the duties of the State in the Constitution in the form of Directive Principles of State Polity. Later in 1976, the fundamental duties of citizens were added in the Constitution. In 2002, one more Fundamental Duty was added.

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"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Directive Principles of State Policy-2 | epi-17

he Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51. The framers of the Constitution borrowed this idea from the Irish Constitution of 1937, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution. The Directive Principles along with the Fundamental Rights contain the philosophy of the Constitution and is the soul of the Constitution. Granville Austin has described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’.

"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Directive Principles of State Policy-1 |  epi-16

he Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51. The framers of the Constitution borrowed this idea from the Irish Constitution of 1937, which had copied it from the Spanish Constitution. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar described these principles as ‘novel features’ of the Indian Constitution. The Directive Principles along with the Fundamental Rights contain the philosophy of the Constitution and is the soul of the Constitution. Granville Austin has described the Directive Principles and the Fundamental Rights as the ‘Conscience of the Constitution’.

"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Fundamental Rights-8 | PRESENT POSITION OF RIGHT TO PROPERTY | epi-15

The correct answer is a Legal right available to any person. The property right was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44thAmendment Act, 1978. ... Article 300 A of the constitution of India says that a person shall not be deprived of his property save by authority of law.

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"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Fundamental Rights-7 | WRITS TYPES AND SCOPE | epi-14

The six fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution are considered essential for the functioning of Indian democracy. The right to freedom gives citizens basic freedom with respect to speech and expression, form associations, freedom of personal liberty, freedom to live a life of dignity, etc. It is important to understand the scope of these provisions and any exceptions thereof.

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"M.Laxmikant Audiobook" | Fundamental Rights-6 | Cultural and Educational Rights | epi-13

This Audiobook is help to UPSC and other COMPETITVE EXAMS aspirant to easily read and memorize this book.

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"M.laxmikant Audiobook - Part One"| Fundamental Rights 5 | epi-12

This Audiobook is help to UPSC and other COMPETITVE EXAMS aspirant to easily read and memorize this book.

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"M.laxmikant Audiobook - Part One"| Fundamental Rights 4 | epi-11

This Audiobook is help to UPSC and other COMPETITVE EXAMS aspirant to easily read and memorize this book.

Youtube:- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMuUwIACVEXN7kUha0yyEbQ

#upsc #audiobook #bigbrainbooster #laxmikantaudiobook