This episode, hosted by William Mark Erwin, DC, PhD and Zorica Buser,PhD with the NASS Section on Biologics, introduces biologic therapy to treat DDD with an emphasis on the IVD NP. They discuss challenges faced by the otherwise “hostile” IVD NP environment, define and debate different biologic therapies (protein-based, cellular based, body-derived substances, ECM-based) as well as review what forms the putative therapy should be delivered. They wrap up the discussion on what the future may hold in this field.