A discussion about Canada's low approval rates for study permit, work permit and temporary resident visa applications for people from Africa. Professor Christian can be found at @ProfXtian on Twitter. The IRCC Anti-Racism Employee Focus Groups Final Report referenced in this episode can be found here - https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/pwgsc-tpsgc/por-ef/immigration_refugees/2021/122-20-e/POR_122-20-Final_Report_EN.pdf

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A discussion of the law of self defense in Canada, including the 2021 Supreme Court of Canada in R. v. Khill. We also make comparisons to the Kyle Rittenhouse case in the United States and talk about Canadian immigration implications involving the law of self defense in criminal matters.

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We took to Twitter to get listener questions for our first Ask Me Anything episode. 1) Will a gay refugee be deported if her sexuality changes? 2) Does Deanna have any insight or information into what is going on with caregiver applications? 3)Why are local visa offices not processing already approved express entry applications?4)How do you think realistically IRCC should change their workflow and file processing?5)Do we need to mention previous visa rejections in spousal sponsorship applications?6)Why can spouses from visa exempt countries easily reunited with their loves ones in Canada while those who need visas cannot?7)Why is there a particular hatred towards outland spousal apps? 8)What do you think about the IRCC’s local 3.5 workers to every 1 Canadian employed at the VO’s? Is this appropriate? 9) Why does artificial intelligence refuse so many applications?10)Why is the IRCC so secretive?

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Aditya Mohan is the founder of Robometrics, a company at the forefront of the intersection of artificial intelligence and human emotions like empahty. We discuss the increasing use of artificial intelligence in Canadian immigration legislation, its benefits, and ways to increase transparency and oversight. 3:00 - What is artificial intelligence? 8:00 - What are deep learning systems? 14:00 - How does the use of artificial intelligence intersect with the rule of law? 21:00 - How do machines learn? 24:00 - Benefits of machine learning and immigration. 27:00 - Ways to improve transparency. 41:00 - Artificial intelligence providing reasons for refusals.

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A discussion about the increasing use of artificial intelligence to decide immigration applications. Mario Bellissimo is a Canadian immigration lawyer in Toronto, and the former past Chair of the Canadian Bar Association's National Immigration Law Section. 4:00How imprecise wording in the forms can result in misrepresentation findings where immigration becomes a game of gotcha. 10:30How the laws of procedural fairness and discretion will need to be re-written as a result of the implementation of artificial intelligence and predicative learning in immigration systems. 13:30How using AI to triage applications is itself a form of automated decision making and why is there a lack of transparency about this? 19:25The history of the introduction of AI at IRCC. 28:20What is Chinook and ? 36:00How processing delays can lead to applications being denied simply because they are moot. 39:00How does one learn what AI is being used or whether a decision was made by AI? 44:45If AI flags a file as being problematic does that create a proxy decision wherein a visa officer will want to affirm the AI. 55:00Is it possible that AI will lead to a better immigration system as the AI will be able to thoroughly scan applications that humans have to skim given the limited number of decision makers and the large number of applications. 1:03AI as counsel1:13The future. When AI analyzes the social media of a representative when assessing their client’s application.

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Carl Brault worked for almost twenty years at the Canada Border Services Agency. His roles included Border Services Officer, Intelligence Analyst and Inland Enforcement Officer. He currently provides consultation services to authorized immigration representatives and can be reached at [email protected]:00Working as a summer student as a Border Services Officer. 6:30September 11, 2011 9:50What kind of training does a CBSA officer receive before they start working at the border? 18:10Working as a CBSA Intelligence Analyst 21:30Working as an Inland Enforcement Officer 25:00Is CBSA understaffed or overstaffed? 28:30Level of autonomy officers have in deferral requests. 38:30What should lawyers or individuals do when making deferral of removal requests? 42:30The ability of CBSA to make positive decisions by not acting. 48:30What is the difference in culture across different offices? 51:15What are examples of where counsel harms their clients cause at CBSA? 54:00Do CBSA officers care about how lawyers are dressed? 56:30Has the attitude towards removals at CBSA regarding removals gotten more rigid? 1:05:00Do CBSA officers want more discretion when it comes to removals

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Sarah Runyon is a criminal defense lawyer on Vancouver Island. 3:00What is sexual assault? 5:30Is all sex between an employer and employee deemed to be non consensual? 6:00Why was sexual assault separated from general assault? Is rape a distinct offence from sexual assault? Are there degrees of sexual assault?7:30If someone is at a nightclub and they start dancing with another person without their consent does that fit the definition of sexual assault? 15:00Evidentiary issues.16:30Often the criminal defense bar wants judges to have a wide discretion in terms of what they can consider. Is this the same in the case of sexual assault? 21:00Does the maxim “it is better that five guilty people go free than one innocent person go to jail.” Is the legal system moving away from this in sexual assault? 27:00Is a restorative justice approach better than the current criminal justice system? 28:45Can sexual assault be verbal? 33:00Is revenge porn sexual assault? 34:00Is there a statutory limitation on sexual assault? 35:00Is being drunk a defense to sexual assault? 44:00If someone is drunk are they capable of consent? 48:30How does one determine whether the complainant was intoxicated? 51:00How does one show an honest but reasonable belief as to consent? 1:03How does the “beyond a reasonable doubt” onus work in sexual assault cases that are “he-said she said”. 1:10Trial by jury or judge.

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A discussion of the 2021 immigration platforms of the Liberals, Conservatives, New Democrats, Greens, Bloc Quebecois and the People's Party of Canada. She can be found on Twitter @Twimmigration.Chantal Desloges is the Founder and Senior Partner of Desloges Law Group.

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Cristina Guida is a senior associate lawyer with Green and Spiegel LLP in Toronto. She can be found on Twitter @crisguida_gands. We discuss authorization to work in Canada without a work permit, including business visitors, students, perfroming artists, maintained status, the global skills strategy and other categories. We also discuss what Canada's immigration department continues to be "work."

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Marina Sedai is an immigration lawyer and the past National Chair of the Canadian Bar Association Immigration Section, a role that she served in from 2018 – 2019, and is also a past provincial char of the CBABC Immigration Law Section. She can be found on Twitter @MarinaSedai. We discuss various myths about Canadian immigration law, including:* Refugees get more financial help than pensioners. & Foreign nationals immigrate and then bring their whole extended family over. *If including your spouse or common-law partner on your permanent resident application is inconvenient or unhelpful to your immigration process then you can exclude them and later sponsor them.* Volunteering isn't work.* If my kid is born in Canada then my H&C application is guaranteed to succeed.

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