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What if the mysteries of consciousness and the universe are more connected than we ever imagined? Esteemed physicist and author George Musser joins me, Michelle McElhoun, on Crossword for an enlightening conversation that explores the fascinating intersection of physics, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Musser shares his insights into why physicists are increasingly drawn to these fields, suggesting they may hold the key to a unified understanding of our universe. Drawing from his book "Putting Ourselves Back in the Equation," Musser provides a compelling narrative on bridging the gap between mind and matter, urging listeners to reconsider the role of the observer in quantum physics and the humble perspective we occupy in the vast cosmos.

Our discussion ventures into the complexities of neural networks and their potential implications for understanding human intelligence and consciousness. Musser compares these networks to intricate webs of tiny switches, processing information in ways that challenge traditional computing models. We explore theories like integrated information theory, which propose that certain neural networks might theoretically possess consciousness due to their sophisticated feedback loops, and examine how these loops mirror the human brain's intricate systems. Musser emphasizes the engineering challenges these concepts present, while also highlighting their potential to revolutionize our understanding of both artificial and natural cognitive processes.

Curiosity and free will take center stage as we discuss their roles in human and machine learning. Reinforcement learning emerges as a fascinating example of how curiosity drives both humans and AI to persist through challenges without immediate rewards. Musser reflects on philosophical tensions between deterministic laws and the human experience of free will, drawing on his own life experiences to enrich the conversation. We wrap up by considering how AI might enhance our self-knowledge and deepen our understanding of human nature, inviting listeners to explore George Musser's work further and ponder the profound mysteries of consciousness.