One of my areas of study in my undergraduate degree was the religions and cults in the Mediterranean—from Ancient Greek religion to Roman to Judaism and into early Christianity. Through this work, you can see the commonalities in these moral and cultural norms as well as the religious similarities, and of course, I continue to feel frustrated at seeing the talk, through the world, about immigrants. Whether they are illegal, how do we treat them, how do we “protect” our land, resources. It always makes me wonder if the laws of hospitality that were SO incredibly important to the religions and governments in the Bible and Ancient Greek religion and culture (the “basis for our own constitution”) matter to those in charge. Do they understand the root of the messages they seem to preach? So, rather than get on a soap box and condemn the hypocrite I wanted to talk about stranger and hospitality in Greek Myth and in the Bible that you might think you know. We will discuss Xenia (Greek: ξενία [kse'ni.a]) and Theoxeny.
References and Sources
Mythology of Hospitality, by Alilia Athena, Aug 10,2024: https://paleothea.com/cultural-myths/mythology-of-hospitality/
The Stranger from Bible Hub: https://biblehub.com/topical/t/the_stranger.htm
A Brief Biblical Case for LGBTQ inclusion, The ReformationProject: https://reformationproject.org/case/sodom-and-gomorrah/
The Story Of Sodom And Gomorrah Asks Us To Consider Our OwnInhospitality. Grant Hartley, December11, 2022. https://outreach.faith/2022/12/the-story-of-sodom-and-gomorrah-asks-us-to-consider-our-own-inhospitality/
Embracing the Stranger: Hospitality in the Bible, PastorFari Maghami: https://coastalchurch.org/embracing-the-stranger-hospitality-in-the-bible/
Philoxenia – Greek Hospitality – The Myth of Baucis andPhilemon https://greekerthanthegreeks.com/philoxenia-greek-hospitality-the-myth-of-baucis-and-philemon/
Xenia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenia_(Greek)
On Meeting Gods in Disguise: The Myths of Ovid and theMessage of Paul by Noah Huisman
https://noahhuisman.substack.com/p/on-meeting-gods-in-disguiseReferences
Biblical & Roman/Greek References:
Genesis 18–19
Judges 19
Ezekiel 16:49-50
Isaiah 1:10-17
Jeremiah 23:14
Amos 4:1-11
Zephaniah 2:8-11
Sirach 16:8
Wisdom 19:15
Matthew 25:35
Luke 10:25-37
Hebrews 13:2
Acts 14 (Paul and the gods Zeus and Hermes)
Ovid, Metamorphoses
Philo of Alexandria, writings on Sodom
Augustine’s interpretations (early 5th century)
Here are some New Testament biblical passages that directlyinstruct and command to show hospitalityas a people who are called to follow Christ:
Romans 12:13 – “Share with the Lord’s people whoare in need. Practice hospitality.”
1 Peter 4:9 – “Offer hospitality to one anotherwithout grumbling.”
Hebrews 13:2 – “Do not forget to showhospitality to strangers, for by so doing some people have shown hospitality toangels without knowing it.”
Titus 1:8 – “Rather, he must be hospitable, onewho loves what is good, who is self-controlled, upright, holy and disciplined.”
Matthew 25:35 – “For I was hungry and you gaveme something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was astranger and you invited me in.”
3 John 1:5-8 – “Dear friend, you are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers and sisters, even though they are strangers to you. They have told the church about your love. Please send them on their way in a manner that honors God. It was for the sake of the Name that they went out, receiving no help from the pagans. We ought therefore to show hospitality to such people so that we may work together for the truth.”