This lecture discusses key ideas from the ancient philosopher and statesman Marcus Tullius Cicero's work, On Fate, which discusses problems and perspectives on determinism, causality, and freedom of the will.

Specifically it examines his discussion of a mode of practical reasoning in ancient times, often called the "Idle Argument", because its conclusion is that we need not do anything if events happen by fate or connections of causes. He criticizes this argument for ignoring the role our choices and actions might play within the causal matrix.

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