CrashCourse

How do tribal governments actually work? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore how tribal governments have kept many of their qualities as sovereign, independent nations while adapting to operate in the 21st century.

Introduction: Natives vs. Noem 00:00
Tribal Governments 0:40
The Indian Reorganization Act 1:57
Tribal Government Structure 3:53
Responsibilities of Tribal Government 5:35
The Dakota Access Pipeline 7:34
Tribal Sovereignty Today 8:34
Review & Credits 9:42

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2


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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV
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Today we're going to take a look at mineral extraction -- or the removal of rocks and minerals from the Earths' crust -- and examine how this human activity impacts all aspects of Geography. We'll focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo and take a look at how the mining of minerals such as cobalt, has significantly impacted life in this region.

Sources
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YdZ--u297RHCKLEzFI7YxjuxVtweDttWT9Au1MQlV94/edit?usp=sharing

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Hank continues our exploration of animal phyla with the more complexly organized annelida and arthropoda, and a biolography on insects.

References:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100726222316.htm
http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/home/earthworm-appreciation-day.htm
http://annelidsf.blogspot.com/
http://www.bukisa.com/articles/41743_amazing-facts-about-arthropods#ixzz1sXW1Jigp
http://www.ehow.com/about_6292974_interesting-crustaceans.html

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Welcome to Crash Course Latin American Literature! In 13 episodes, Curly Velasquez will introduce you to the themes, trends, and movements that have breathed life into Latin American literature for centuries. From Indigenous texts to contemporary novels, we’ll explore how Latin American authors have been shaped by the dynamic cultures, history, and politics around them.

Course Description
In 13 episodes, host Curly Velasquez will introduce you to Latin American Literature! This course is based on sources and topics explored in AP and college-level surveys. By the end of this series, you will be able to:
Trace major trends and tropes in Latin American literature across genres
Engage with diverse case studies through a transnational and historical lens
Identify major periods of Latin American literary history and the debates they raise
Think critically about the interconnectedness of history, politics, culture, and literature
Become familiar with prominent, canonical works and marginalized voices in Latin American literature

***
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV
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In which John Green teaches you about the changes wrought by contact between the Old World and the New. John does this by exploring the totally awesome history book "The Columbian Exchange" by Alfred Crosby, Jr. After Columbus "discovered" the Americas, European conquerors, traders, and settlers brought all manner of changes to the formerly isolated continents. Disease and invasive plant and animal species remade the New World, usually in negative ways. While native people, plants, and animals were being displaced in the Americas, the rest of the world was benefitting from American imports, especially foods like maize, tomatoes, potatoes, pineapple, blueberries, sweet potatoes, and manioc. Was the Columbian Exchange a net positive? It's debatable. So debate.

The Columbian Exchange, by Alfred Crosby, Jr: https://bit.ly/3M3ZtbG

Chapters:
Introduction: The Columbian Exchange 00:00
Diseases of the Columbian Exchange 1:14
John Green Does the Cinnamon Challenge (Ew) 4:21
An Open Letter to Tobacco 5:09
Animals of the Columbian Exchange 5:51
Plants of the Columbian Exchange 7:27
People of the Columbian Exchange 9:53
Credits 11:36

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Latin America is a vastly diverse region shaped by a blend of influences. In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll explore how Latin American authors navigate one big question: Who are we?

Introduction: Where is Latin America? 00:00
The History of "Latin America" 0:53
Latino vs. Hispanic 2:41
Varying Identities & Languages 3:28
Paz & Identity 5:05
"Terra Nostra" 7:30
Borges & Andrade 9:17
Review & Credits 11:09

Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0

To learn more, check out these videos:

Geopolitical history of Latin America: Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31 https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=8z_ra4m4cXUMnLdT , War and Nation Building in Latin America: Crash Course World History 225 https://youtu.be/v6xi8_7Fy6Y?si=uDevoPt88Q6wBBXB
Imperialism:
Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Zheng He - 15th Century Mariners: Crash Course World History #21 https://youtu.be/NjEGncridoQ?si=hzKIJz7J5yy3MoOB , The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation: Crash Course World History #25 https://youtu.be/rjhIzemLdos?si=EDypIu1uOW0nQZuW , Imperialism: Crash Course World History #35 https://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo?si=PhOQlrhHDnndZndM

Check out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34&si=To8-VCKQv51bH9dP

***
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV
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Hank introduces us to the "simplest" of the animals, complexity-wise: beginning with sponges (whose very inclusion in the list as "animals" has been called into question because they are so simple) and finishing with the most complex molluscs, octopuses and squid. We differentiate them by the number of tissue layers they have, and by the complexity of those layers.

Table of Contents:
1) Porifera 1:33
2) Cnidaria 2:36
a) Diploblasts 2:48
3) Platyhelminthes 3:33
a) Triploblasts 3:56
b) Coelom 4:36
4) Biolography 5:36
5) Nematoda 7:26
6) Rotifera 7:57
7) Molusca 8:33

References:
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidaria.html http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2008/06/how_smart_is_the_octopus.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dicrocoelium_LifeCycle.gif
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/nematode/soil_nematode.htm
http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/nematodes.html
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-08/uoc--goa080410.php
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cambrian/cambrian.php
http://www.insidescience.org/news-service/1-2615
http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_genomevol/genomevol.pdf
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/animalclassification/Polygenetic/phylogenetictree/phylogenetictree.htm
http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab_9_porifera_cnidaria/Cnidaria.html
http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/animals/protostomes/default.htm

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Sometimes culture can seem invisible like when we're surrounded by signals that tell us we're with others who are like us, but if we live or travel somewhere where the traits that define social norms are not our traits, culture can suddenly seem everywhere. In the next few episodes, we're going to start exploring the fundamental aspects of culture and how those with and without power are affected by culture, from cultural mixing to cultural violence. We'll also discuss the differences between race, ethnicity, and culture, and help you can spot the warning signs that often lead to xenophobia, racism, and genocide.

Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App!
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Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:

Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, neil matatall, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks
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It’s time to save Native languages—before it’s too late. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we dig into the ways Native languages were destroyed and the resilient ways tribes are bringing them back to life.

Introduction: "Never Alone" 00:00
The State of Native Language 0:35
Revealing Native Culture 1:40
Colonization & Boarding Schools 3:42
Language Revitalization 7:00
Review & Credits 9:04

Sources:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing

Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2

***
Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Or support us directly: https://complexly.com/support
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Get our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhY

Thanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV
__

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In which John Green teaches you about the Holy Roman Empire by teaching you about Charles V. Charles Hapsburg was the Holy Roman Emperor, but he was also the King of Spain. And the King of Germany. And the King of Italy and the Lord of the Netherlands and Count Palatine of Burgundy. In short, Charles was runnin' thangs in much of the world during his reign. Charles ruled a lot of countries, and he was also known for encouraging intellectual discourse and even spoke out against slavery, in a limited way. So why did he consider himself a failure, and why did he break up the Empire when he abdicated in 1556? Mainly because the Holy Roman Empire didn't work very well. It was huge, and it didn't have any means of directly raising taxes. Plus, it was a pretty crazy time in Europe anyway, and Charles found himself in charge of the Catholic-Church-Endorsed Empire during the time of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. John will teach you a bit about how Charles put the Empire together, and how it fell apart, and even talk a bit about the Diet of Worms.

This episode was written by Neal Schulz, but we messed up the onscreen credits. Thanks, and great work, Neal.

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